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CHRISTIANITY
Founding of Christianity
FOUNDER: JESUS CHRIST (A JEW) ZERO A.D. PALESTINE/ISRAEL—best known as a HEALER in his lifetime
SPREAD BY APOSTLES (FOLLOWERS OF JESUS)
PAUL: MOST IMP. IN SPREADING & STARTING CHURCHES (NOT AN APOSTLE)
EMP. CONSTANTINE =CHRISTIANITY OFFICIAL RELIGION
Basic Beliefs
1 GOD (SAME AS JEWS, MUSLIMS)
JESUS: SON OF GOD, DIED FOR “OUR” SINS, ROSE FROM DEAD
BELIEF IN JESUS = SALVATION FROM SINS, REWARD IN HEAVEN
HEAVEN/HELL: IS FOR ETERNITY
1 CHANCE TO “GET IT RIGHT”
Sacred Text
BIBLE : TWO PARTS
OLD TESTAMENT:
JEWISH “BIBLE”, INCL. TORAH)
NEW TESTAMENT:
LIFE AND TEACHINGS OF JESUS
REVELATION:
END OF WORLD AND CREATION OF NEW KINGDOM ON EARTH
God of Christianity
ONE GOD IS DIVIDED INTO 3 PARTS:
HOLY TRINITY: GOD, JESUS, HOLY GHOST (SPIRIT)
PROPHETS PLAY IMPORTANT PART: MOSES, ISAIAH, EZEKIEL
Leadership
PRIESTS:
SERVICES LOCALLY
BISHOPS:
CONTROL LARGER AREAS
POPE:
HEAD OF CATHOLIC CHURCH
#1 RELIGIOUS GROUP IN WORLD
Rituals
Baptism: ENTRY INTO
CHURCH
Communion: SHARING
BREAD/WINE = BLOOD/BODY OF CHRIST
SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY
Pax Romana, which made travel and the exchange of ideas fairly safe, provided the ideal conditions for Christianity to spread
Christians refused to worship Roman gods. This refusal was seen as opposition to Roman rule
By the second century, as the Pax Romana began to crumble, persecution of the Christians intensified. Thousands were crucified, burned, or killed by wild animals in the circus arenas.
“BREAD AND CIRCUS”
Constantine tolerates Christianity
Why was Christianity Appealing?
ANYONE COULD CONVERT: JEW, GREEK ROMAN
WEALTH & CLASS NOT AN ISSUE: APPEALED TO POOR AND POWERLESS:
“Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the Earth”
PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP WITH GOD
ETERNAL LIFE FOR BELIEVERS
SECTS: 2.4 BILLION = Christians
ROMAN CATHOLIC: LED BY POPE, LARGEST SECT AT 1.1 BILLION
PROTESTANT: BROKE FROM CHURCH ~ 1500 A.D. (LUTHERANS, BAPTISTS, METHODISTS, ETC.) (900,000+ followers)
+ EVANGELICAL, JEHOVAH WITNESS, MORMON, ETC
ISLAM
Key Terms
ISLAM:
SUBMISSION TO THE WILL OF ALLAH
MUSLIM:
ONE WHO SUBMITS
Founding of the Religion
MOHAMMAD: FOUNDER, 600 A.D, MECCA (SAUDI ARABIA)
HEARS VOICE OF ANGEL GABRIEL, TELLS HIM TO ‘SPREAD WORD OF ALLAH’
HIS MESSAGE UPSETS POWERFUL/RICH: FORCED TO FLEE (HIJRAH)
RETURNS TO MECCA W/ 10,000 MAN ARMY, CONQUERS, & BEGINS ISLAM
Basic Beliefs
1 GOD = ALLAH
MOHAMMAD IS PROPHET OF ALLAH
SALVATION COMES BY FOLLOWING “FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM”
HEAVEN & HELL = ETERNAL
1 CHANCE TO “GET IT RIGHT”
!The Five Pillars of Islam!
WHAT ALL MUSLIMS MUST DO:
STATEMENT OF FAITH: “There is no God but ALLAH” & Mohammad is His Prophet
PRAY 5 X DAY FACING MECCA CHARITY: GIVE TO POOR (2.5%) FAST DURING MONTH OF RAMADAN:
NO FOOD/WATER SUNRISE TO SUNSET HAJJ: PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA ONCE IN
LIFE (HEALTH AND WEALTH PERMITTING)
THE HAJJ
Pilgrimage to the Holy City of Mecca
Sacred Text
KORAN = QUR’AN
ONLY HOLY IF IN ARABIC
WORD OF ALLAH TO MOHAMMAD THROUGH GABRIEL
Leadership
NO “CHURCH”, CENTRAL AUTHORITY, “PRIESTS”
ULAMA: RELIGIOUS TEACHERS WHO APPLY QUR’AN TO EVERYDAY LIFE
MANY COUNTRIES “GOVERN BY ISLAM” = THEOCRACY
Rituals/Practices
HALAH: DIET WHICH IS OK FOR MUSLIMS TO EAT & DRINK
NO PORK/ NO ALCOHOL!
5 PILLARS
FRIDAY = DAY OF WORSHIP IN A MOSQUE (MUSLIM “CHURCH”)
WASH FEET/HANDS FIRST
The Spread of Islam
Islam spreads through:
Trade
The Spread of Islam
Islam spreads through:
Conquest
SECTS OF ISLAM
SUNNI--~85% OF MUSLIMS
BELIEVE ANYONE ABLE AND WORTHY COULD TAKE OVER FROM THE PROPHET & BE A CALIPH
DON’T BELIEVE IN WORSHIPPING SAINTS
SHIA--~15% OF MUSLIMS
ONLY THOSE BLOOD-RELATED TO MOHAMMAD COULD BE A CALIPH
BELIEVE IN WORSHIP OF SAINTS
Muslims and Conquered Peoples
EARLY MUSLIM STATES USUALLY:
LET CONQUERED PEOPLES KEEP THEIR PROPERTY AND RELIGION (HAD TO PAY A TAX)
WERE SUBJECT TO SOME RESTRICTIONS, BUT. .
BUT COULD MARRY WHO THEY WANTED, WORK JOBS THEY WANTED (EVEN AS OFFICIALS, SCHOLARS, ADMINISTRATORS)
JEWS/CHRISTIANS OFTEN ROSE TO HIGH POSITIONS!!
Links to Judaism and Christianity
Allah is the same God of Judaism and Christianity.
Qur’an is Word of Allah, just as Torah and Gospels is to Jews and Christians.
Qur’an is the final book, Muhammad the final prophet.
Muslims will have a ‘Day of Judgment”
Muslim View of Christians and Jews
Muslim ancestry traced to Abraham’s Son—Isaac
Share holy places w/ Jews, Christians
Christians & Jews =“People of the Book” (preach religious tolerance for them) (but like all religions, fanatics ruin this belief)