chit oo nyo - Myanmar E-Books · PDF file . ﬁ¯‡¿–»‡§

http://www.cherrythitsar.org

®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îíêîíêîíêîíêîíê

ú©»³§Ø µ°³¬µ§º©¼ µ«ºú©»³§Ø µ°³¬µ§º©¼ µ«ºú©»³§Ø µ°³¬µ§º©¼ µ«ºú©»³§Ø µ°³¬µ§º©¼ µ«ºú©»³§Ø µ°³¬µ§º©¼ µ«º

ú©»³§Øµ°³¬µ§º©µ¼«ºtrSwf 100 (Ü)? tif;,m;vrf;?

urm&GwfNrdKUe,f? &efukef/zkef; - 548058


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîíéîíéîíéîíéîíé


'kdYwm0efta&;oHk;yg;

jynfaxmifpkrNydKuGJa&;'kdYta&;

wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrI rNydKuGJa&;'dkYta&;

tcsKyftjcm tmPm wnfwhH ckdifNrJa&;'kdYta&;

jynfolYoabmxm;jynfytm;ukd;ykqdef½kd; tqkd;jrif0g'Drsm;tm; qefYusifMu/EkdifiHawmfwnfNidrfat;csrf;a&;ESihf EkdifiHawmfwkd;wufa&;ukd aESmihf,SufzsufqD;olrsm;tm; qefYusifMu/EdkifiHawmf\ jynfwGif;a&;ukd 0ifa&mufpGufzuf aESmihf,Sufaom jynfyEkdifiHrsm;tm; qefYusifMu/jynfwGif;jynfy tzsuform;rsm;tm; bHk&efoltjzpfowfrSwfacsrIef;Mu/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îíèîíèîíèîíèîíè


®Å³¿±»³§©¼

½°ºÑÜå²¼Õ

ú©»³§Øµ°³¬µ§º ó îïu îððî ½µÛÍ°ºá ®©ºª e


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîíçîíçîíçîíçîíç


pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf - 1468^2001 (12)rsufESmzHk;cGihfjyKcsuftrSwf - 30^2002 (1)

pDpOfol OD;odrf;pkd;? rif;xG#f0if;yHkESdyfrSwfwrf; ('kwd,tBudrf)

tkyfa& - 10002002 ck? rwfv

xkwfa0ol OD;oef;aqG(ppfonfawmfpmay)1131û?O,smOfvrf;? '*Hkawmif

rsufESmzHk;ESihf a':cifat;jrihftwGif;yHkESdyf (&mjynfatmhzfquf)

199? vrf; 50?ykZGefawmif

rsufESmzHk;yef;csD udkqef;pmtkyfcsKyf udkjrihfwefzkd;


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïïïïï


¬½»ºå øï÷

olESifh pwif awGUqHkoduRrf;cJh&onfh yxrqHk;tBudrfrSmyif olonf xl;jcm;aom pdwfaeoabmobm0&dSol jzpfaMumif; uREfkyf ododrSwfrSwf owdxm;cJhrdavonf/

xdkaeYu ESif;awG a0aeonf/tr&yl& a&TNrdKUawmf\ usHK;a&jyifxufwGif

ESif;wdkY odyfonf;pGm qdkYqD;aeMuaomaMumifh a&jyifudkyif aumif;pGm rjrif&/ eDndK&ifh&ifh NrdKU½dk;tkwfwHwdkif;BuD;onfyif ESif;aiGUwdkYtMum;ü 0dk;w0g;jzpfaeonf/ usHK;\ tjcm;bufrS aejynfawmf vrf;rudkrlrjrif&awmh/

qD;ESif; wazmufazmuf usoHrsm;uvnf;rdk;puf rdk;aygufrsm;vdkyif xif&awmhonf/ uREfkyf


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îîîîî


vufxJwGif qkyfudkifxm;aom vSH&Snft½dk;onfyuwdat;pufaeonf/ uif;wJtwGif;rSm rD;zdkxm;aomfvnf; wu,fwrf; at;vSaom tr&yl&aqmif;&moD0,f rD;vIHí tcsrf;rajy? rD;awmufESifheD;aom tydkif;rSmom ylaEG;NyD; tjcm;ae&mrsm;wGifum; aqmif;'Pfudk ododomom cHpm;ae&onf/

udk,fwGif; taEG;"mwfudk uREfkyfawmifhwrdacsonf/

onfvdk csrf;csrf;pD;pD; eHeuftapmBuD;rSmxef;vsuft&ufuav; wpfcGufwpfzvm;avmufAdkufxJ avmif;xnfhvdkuf&&jzifh..../

odkYaomf tawG;udk csufcsif;yif z,f&Sm;vdkuf&onf/

trIawmf xrf;ae&onfh tcsdef? ta&SUbufNrdKU½dk;rkcfwGif uif;tvSnfh wm0ef,lae&onfhtcsdef?uif;tvSnfhus &Jruf\ w0efrSm BuD;rm;vSonf/rjywfrvyfaom em;rsufpdtm½Hkudk tpGrf;ukef Edk;Mum;apvsuf uif;apmifhae&onf/

oef;acgif,HtcsdefrS pí uif;tvSnfh0ifcJh


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õííííí


&aom uREfkyf\ wm0efcsdefrSm eHeuf tHk;armif;acgufcsdefa&mufrS NyD;qHk;rnfjzpfonf/ uREfkyfESifhtwl uif;apmifhwm0efusaom aoG;aomufBuD; &Jrif;xifrSmaumif;pGm usef;rmolr[kwf? txl;ojzifh ,ckvdktat;"mwf vGefuJvSaom aqmif;&moDrsdK;0,f olYyef;ema&m*gu qdk;qkd;&Gm;&Gm; jzpfvmwwfonf/ olacsmif;wpfcsuf qdk;NyDqdkvQif t&yftem;r&dSawmh/yifyef;BuD;pGm ½dIufiifvsuf acsmif;qdk;ae&&SmaomolYcrsm touf½SLcsdefrS &ygavp[k uREfkyfxifrdonf/xdkYaMumifh uif;wJtwGif;&dS rD;zdkem;wGif olYudk tdyf&mjyifay;NyD; wpfcsdefvHk; tem;,lapcJh&onf/ pifppfaoG;aomufBuD; &Jrif;xifonf NrdKUapmifhwyfwGiftrIawmfxrf;zdkY roifhawmfay/ crsmrSm yef;ema&m*gtwGuf oufom&m oufomaMumif;&Sm&if; bdef;vnf; pGJae&SmNyD/

uif;wm0efuscsdef jzpfaomaMumifh ol bdef;vnf; rrsdKom/

&ifacgif;xJrS w&TD;&TD;jrnfoHBuD;jzifh touf½SL&if; &Jrif;xifonf a0'em cHpm;ae&&Smavonf/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ììììì


aEG;aEG;axG;axG;&dSap&ef vkyfay;zdkYrSty uREfkyfvnf;bmrQ rwwfEdkifojzifh olYtdyf&m\ wpfbufwpfcsufpDwGif rD;zdkESpfck arT;ay;vdkuf&onf/

,ckrl &Jrif;xifonf 'l;ESifh&ifbwf xduyfatmifauG;um rD;zdkESpfcktMum; tdyfausmfaeavNyD/

ajru&m;xJu a&aEG;Murf;vnf; ol cRJ&Sif;tmvkyfusif;onfESifh ukefavNyD/ at;pufaeaomvSH½dk;udk qkyfudkifum uREfkyfwpfOD;wnf; uif;wJt0wGif uif;aqmifhae&onf/ ESif;pufrsm;aMumifh uREfkyf\ ]armufwdk}vnf; &TJ&TJpdkaeonf/ NcHKxnf0wf½Hkudk&Jrif;xiftm; ay;xm;&aomaMumifh uREfkyf\ udk,fay:wGifvnf; ESif;pufrsm; &TJaeonf/

usifhom;&aeNyDjzpfaomaMumifh tdyfidkufjcif;tvsif;r&dSapumrl tat;'Pf\ ½dkufcwfrIjzifhrsufcGHrsm; udsef;pyfaeonf/

aEG;axG;pGm tdyfaysmfaeonfh aoG;aomufBuD; &Jrif;xif/

tuif;aop jyKaeNyDjzpfonfh rD;zdk/wazmufazmufusaeonfh ESif;pufrsm;/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õëëëëë


taiGUajcmif;ajcmif; xaeonfh usHK;a&jyif/jrLtxyfxyf qkdYqD;aeaom jrifuGif;/tr&yl& a&TNrdKUawmf\ jyif;xefaom

aqmif;&moDatmuf0,f uREfkyfwpfa,mufwnf;jzpfaeonf/

vSH½dk;udk qkyfudkifxm;onfh vufacsmif;rsm;xHkusifvmonf/ ajcovHk;om;rsm; emusifudkufcJvmonf/ ESmoD;zsm;ESifh rsufcGHprsm;wGif tat;'Pfudk ydkí cHpm;ae&onf/

tcsdefwdkY ukefcJvSbdjcif;[k awG;aerdpOfrSmyif tHk;armif;acgufoHudk Mum;vdkuf&avonf/ tHk;armif;acgufoHaMumifh uREfkyfwpfudk,fvHk; aEG;oGm;onf[kqdkvQif pum;<u,fvScsnfh[k xifMurnf/

pum; r<u,fygacs/ trSefyif aEG;axG;oGm;acsonf/

uREfkyf\ uif;tvSnfhwm0ef NyD;qHk;oGm;NyD;aemuf tvSnfhusonfh &Jrufrsm; a&mufvmMuawmhrnf/ em;aetdyfpufcGifh &rnf/

wJtwGif; rD;zdkESpfckMum;wGifrl &Jrif;xif


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ êêêêê


onf tdyfaumif;aeqJ/xdktcsdefrSmyif qD;ESif;aiGUrsm;\ wpfbuf

rjrif&aom ae&mqDrS vloHrsm; Mum;vdkuf&onf/]]&yf... b,folvJ}}uREfkyf atmfíar;&if; vSH&Snfudk toifhjyif

xm;vdkufavonf/]]iopf... igwdkYyg? uif;tvSnfhajymif;

&JrufawG}}]]emrnfajym}}]]iaweJY icg;}}&Jrufiaw\ toHaMumifh pdwfcsoGm;onf/

rMumcifrSmyif qD;ESif;jrLaiGUrsm;Mum;xJrS iaway:vmonf/ olYaemufrSm icg;/

]]csrf;vdkufwmuGm? udk,fhar;aph udk,fawmif xdef;vdkY r&awmhbl;}}

ar;csif;cwf oGm;csif;½dkufaeaom toHjzifhiawu nnf;onf/ olYyg;pyfrS taiGUjzLjzLrsm;axmif;axmif;ysHUvGifhaeayonf/

]]ighrsm; tm;emygOD;awmh? oef;acgifuae


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õééééé


tckxd}}]]&Jrif;xifaum ....}}&Jrif;xif tdyfae&mqDodkY ar;aighjyvdkuf&

onf/]]'Dyef;ema&m*geJY uif;apmifheJYawmh rudkuf

ygbl;uGm}}&Jrif;xifudk EId;&onf/ ua,mifuwrf; x

vmum rD;zdkudk rD;qGaeavonf/]]uif;tvSnfh ajymif;NyD aoG;aomufBuD;&JU?

udk,fhtdrfudk,fjyef? bdef;rsdKEdkifNyD? x...x}}icg;u &Jrif;xifudk qGJxlay;onf/ &Jrif;

xifqDrS NcHKxnf0wf½Hkudk vSrf;,lum uREfkyfwpfudk,fvHk;udk ywfvdkuf&onf/ &Jrif;xif\ udk,faiGU?rD;zdkrStylaiGUwdkYjzifh aEG;aeaom NcHKxnf0wf½Hkudk vTrf;vdkuf&onfrSm t&om&dSvSayonf/

]]bmtaMumif;xl;ao;vJa[h iopf}}]]rxl;bl;? tm;vHk;at;csrf;Nidrfouf}}]]wyfrSL; vmppfao;vm;}}]]rvmbl;}}


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ èèèèè


xHk;pHtwdkif; uif;tvSnfhajymif;wm0efudkvTJMuNyD;aemuf &Jrif;xifudkwGJum uif;wJrS uREfkyfxGufvmcJhonf/ iawESifhicg;wkYd ESif;jzLxk\ wpfbufwGif aysmufuG,fusef&pfcJhMuavonf/

]]aoG;aomufBuD; b,fhES,fhaeao;vJ}}]]tckawmh oufomoGm;ygNyD? 'Da&m*grsdK;

qdkwmuvnf; at;avav ydkqdk;avavudk;uGm/apmapmursm;qdk&if acsmif;qdk;&if;eJY toufxGufoGm;awmhrvm; atmufarh&w,f}}

&Jrif;xifonf uREfkyfxuf &SpfESpfcefY toufBuD;oljzpfonf/ olYtoufrSm oHk;q,fausmfNyD/odkYaomf a&m*gaMumifh olYcEmudk,fonf BuHKvSDazsmhawmhaeonfjzpf&m toufav;q,fausmf[k xif&onf/ aoG;aomufBuD;[k uREfkyfwdkYu w&if;wESD;ac:aeMuaomfvnf; pifppfolonf uREfkyfwdkY &Jrufq,fa,muftay: tkyfcsKyf&aom ]tMuyf}wpfOD;omjzpfonf/ tMuyfig;OD;udk tkyfcsKyf&aom ]aoG;aomuf}tqifh r[kwfao;/ olYtouf&Sd&if;xufq,fESpfcefYydkí BuD;&ifhtdkpmaeaomaMumifh olYudk


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õççççç


aoG;aomufBuD;[k uREfkyfwdkYu ac:aeMujcif;jzpfonf/

uREfkyfwkdY ESpfOD;om; usHK;wHwm;wpfbufxdyfodkY a&mufvmMuonf/

eHeufcif;buf a&mufvmavav tat;"mwfu ydkí jyif;vmavavjzpfaomaMumifh apmapmu oufomoGm;ygNyDqdkaom &Jrif;xifrSm wHwm;xdyfta&mufwGif a&m*gazmufvmjyefonf/olY acsmif;qdk;oH&SnfBuD;udk em;rcHomzG,f Mum;vm&jyefonf/

]]udkif; ... aoG;aomufBuD;? cifAsm; 'Dtwdkif; tdrfjyefvdkY rjzpfao;bl;/ a[m[dk vrf;axmifhrefusnf;yifatmufrSm taMumfwJav;wpfwJ&dSw,f/ 0rf;xJ tpmav;oGif;NyD; a&aEG;Murf; ylylav;aomufcsvdkufOD;/ enf;enf;cHomoGm;r,f/usKyfvnf; 0rf;[maew,f/ taMumfav;bmav; pm;vdkufMu&atmif}}

]]igawmh tdrftjrefjyefNyD; bdef;rsdKcsifwmyJ}}]]taMumfpm;NyD;rS jyef? vmprf;ygAsm}}


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ï ðïðïðïðïð


uif;wm0efusNyD;onfh aemufwpfaeYwGifuREfkyfwdkY &Jrufrsm;tzdkY eef;awmftwGif; wyfpcef;odkYjyefp&mrvdk/ udk,ftdrf udk,fjyefem;aecGifh&onf/&Jrif;xifrSm a&TNrdKUawmf ajrmufbufZeyk'fwGif olYnDwpfa,mufESifhaeol jzpfavonf/

refusnf;yifatmuf taMumfwJodkY a&mufaomtcsdefxd ESif;ruGJao;/ ydkíyif xlxyfodyfonf;aeawmhonf/

taMumfwJuvnf; ,ckrS xGufvmumpyif&dSao;onf/ taMumf',fab;&dS Aef;xJwGif yJpif;iHkESifh uwdk;0gaMumf av;ig;ckom&dSonf/

]]xdkifMu? a&aEG;aomufMuOD;/ &JrufwdkYapmapmpD;pD;? uif;tvSnfh odrf;vmMuwmeJYwl&JU}}

taMumfonf rdef;rBud;u EIwfqufpum;qdkonf/ taMumfwJwJwGif uREfkyfwdkY ESpfOD;rStyb,folrQ r&dSao;ay/ a&aEG;Murf;ylyl taiGUwajcmif;ajcmif;udk rIwfvsuf tm;yg;w& aomufcsvdkufonf/ xdktcdkufrSmyif-

]]a[h... uwdk;0gaMumf &NyDvm;? jrefjref


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õï ïïïïïïïïï


vkyfprf;}}aigufirf;oHESifhtwl? vlav;a,muf wJxJ

0ifvmMuonf/ ESif;rsm;t&TJ&TJ? qHyiftajyajy? ykqdk;avsmhvsnf;vsnf;/

]]b,frvJ taMumf? [Gef;... 'gyJ&dSovm;/ay;prf;? &dSwmpm;r,f? tzGm;BuD; jrefjref qufaMumfprf;? usKyfwdkY tjrnf;vdkw,f}}

wpfa,mufu yef;uefxJrS taMumfrsm;udkodrf;usKH;,lum usefvlrsm;udk a0ay;&if; olvnf;yvkyfyavmif; pm;onf/ pm;&if;jzifh cg;Mum;xJrSwpfpHkwpfckudk qGJxkwfum wpfvHk;wnf;aom pm;yJG0dkif;ay:odkY cyfjyif;jyif; aqmifhcsvdkufonf/

ao&nfusnfawmuf/usnfawmufudk wpfvSnfhpD armhMuonf/

pifppfrl olwdkYtoGifrSm aemufxyf ao&nfaomufp&mrvdkawmhatmifyif tvGeftuRH rl;,pfaeMuNyDjzpfaMumif; odomvSayonf/ onfrQ csrf;csrf;pD;pD;aqmif;eHeuftcgBuD;wGif onftoGifrsdK;jzifh a&mufvmMuaom olwdkYum; wnOfhvHk;vHk; wpfae&m&mwGif


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ï îïîïîïîïî


aomufpm; rl;,pfvmcJhMuolrsm;yif jzpfonf/]]tzGm;BuD;... jrefjrefaMumfprf;qdkae? bm

vJ aiGpr&rSm pdk;vdkYvm;? ay;rSmayghAsm/ cifAsm;taMumfawG&dSoavmuf tukefpm;r,f/ taMumfzdk;wifru 'DwJa&m 'D',fBuD;yg usKyfwkdY0,fvdkufr,f/[kwfw,fr[kwfvm; a&mif;&if;wdkY...}}

]][kwf...[kwf... rsm;pGm[kwf}}oHao; oHaMumifrsm;jzifh 0dkif;&,fMuonf/&Jrif;xifu uREfkyfudk vSrf;Munfhonf/

uREfkyfu tomae&ef rsuf&dufjyvdkuf&onf/ tvGeftuRH rl;,pfaeolrsm;udk tomapmifhMunfhaejcif;omtaumif;qHk;jzpfayonf/

taMumfonf rdef;rBuD;um; aMumufaMumuf&GHU&HGUjzifh taMumfqufaMumfae&Smavonf/ trl;orm;rsm;um; uREfkyfwdkY ESpfa,mufudk owdrxm;rdMu/ wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf wGef;xdk;&if;atmf[pf&,farmaeMuonf/

]]z,fprf;...z,fprf; tzGm;BuD;? aMumfaewm aES;auG;vdkufwm? usKyfwdkY 0ifvkyfr,f}}


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õï íïíïíïíïí


ESpfa,mufu rdef;rBuD;udk wGef;z,fypfvdkufojzifh rdef;rBuD;vJusoGm;onf/ wpfa,mufaomolu oHa,mufrudkudkifí ',fxJodkY arTonf/ wpfa,mufu xif;prsm;udk rD;zdkxJodkY xdk;xnfhonf/

]]a&mif;&if;wdkY 'DvdkrvkyfygeJY}}taMumf',fa&SUwGif uREfkyf&yfvdkufonf/armfMunfhMuonf/a,mufrudkifxm;olu rsufaxmifheDBuD;rsm;

jzifhMunfhum uREfkudk tuJcwfonf/ uREfkyfudk,fay:rS &Jruft0wftpm;udk awGUoGm;avonf/ olYrsufvHk;rsm; usOf;ajrmif;oGm;um uREfkyfudk *½krxm;aomavoHjzifh ajymonf/

]][m; &Jrufav;ygvm;? ½kwfw&ufqdkawmhwyfrSL;vm;? Adkvfvm;vdkY}}

]][kwfouG? Munfh&wmawmh aoewfawmifrudkif&ao;wJh ti,fpm; tqifhav;yJ/ [m;...[m;}}

]]&Jrufu usKyfwdkYudk trdefYvmay;wmvm;}}wpfa,mufwpfaygufpD 0dkif;atmfMujyef


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ï ìïìïìïìïì


onf/ wpfa,mufurl uREfkyfudk vSnfhywfMunfhvsuf uREfkyfa&SUwGif 'l;axmufum-

]]wyfrSL;BuD;bk&mh? uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;wdkYaMumufvSygNyD bk&mh...}}qdkum aemufajymifít½dktaojyK[ef vkyfaeonf/ a'goudk csKyf&if;olwdkY rsufESmrsm;udk uREfkyf pdkufMunfhvdkufonf/

]][...[ wyfrSL;BuD;u Munfhw,fa[h?a'goxGufaeNyD/ aMumufp&mygvm;? csrf;omay;awmfrlygbk&mh...}}

uREfkyfa&SUwGif &dSaeolu ajray:wGif ypfvSJí udkY½dkYum;&m; wGefYvdrfjyaeonf/ usefvlrsm;uw0g;0g; &,fMuavonf/ onf;rcHEdkifawmh/ olwdkY\ rl;,pfjcif;onf uREfkyfudk þodkY rykwfcwfoifh/ajcaxmufa&SUwGif a&mufaeaom xdkol\ rsufESmudkuREfkyf'l;ESifh wdkufcsvdkufonf/ upOfhuvsm; yufvufvefusoGm;avonf/

]][m... 'l;eJYwdkufw,f}}vJusae&mrS xdkvl jyefxonf/ tajctae

ajymif;oGm;ayNyD/ usefoHk;a,mufu xdkvlYab;odkY


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õï ëïëïëïëïë


0if&yfMuonf/ apmapmu rl;,pfaeonfhtoGifrsm;aysmufuG,foGm;Muonf/

]]a[haumif... &Jruftpkwf? tdrfa&SUrif;tBuD;awmf&JU nDudk apmfum;wJhtwGuf rif; b,fvkdtjypf&r,fqdkwm odaphr,f/ tckcsufcsif;vnf;a[m'Dvdk... a[m'Dvdk}}

xdkol uREfkyfxH ajy;0ifvmonf/ odkYaomfolyif 'kwd,tBudrf vGifhpifoGm;&avonf/ oHa,mufr udkifxm;olu uREfkyf\ rsufESmudk ckwf&efBudK;pm;onf/ wpfa,mufu usnfawmufjzifh ½dkuf&ef0ifvmonf/ uREkfyfudk 0dkif;csKyf&ef BudK;pm;&if;wJtwGif;rSm 0½kef;okef;um; jzpfoGm;onf/ uREfkyf\wHawmifESifh vufoD;qkyfrsm;u olwdkYudk xdonfvnf;&dSonf/ olwdkY xdk;Budwfcsufrsm; uREfkyfudk xdonfvnf;&dSonf/ olwdkY av;a,mufpvkH; uREfkyfxuf oefpGrf;Muolrsm;jzpfaMumif; awGU&avonf/av;a,muftv,fwGif uREfkyftm;ukef vIyf&Sm;ae&onf/ &Jrif;xifudkvnf; tm;rudk;om/

uREfkyf ajray:odkY vJusoGm;onf/ wpf


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ï êïêïêïêïê


a,mufu uREfkyftay:rS zdum acgif;ESifhajrBuD;aqmifh&ef BudK;pm;onf/ xdkYaemuf av;a,mufpvHk;uREfkyftay:odkY 0dkif;csKyfMuawmonf/ nOfhwpf0ufeD;yg; umvrQ csrf;at;aom &moDatmufrSm uif;apmifhcJh&aomaMumifh uREfkyfrSm tm;tifukefcef;umrl;a0aemufusdaeonf/ uREfkyfta&;edrfhawmhrnf[kodvmonf/

odkYaomf uREfkyfudk,fay:rSm 0dkif;zdxm;Muolrsm; wpfa,mufNyD; wpfa,muf vGifhoGm;MuaMumif;awGUvdkuf&onf/ &Jrif;xif 0ifulonf[k xifrdaomfvnf; yef;ema&m*gonf &Jrif;xifonf þrQroefpGrf;&m/

aemufqHk;wpfa,muf vGifhoGm;tNyD;wGifuREfkyf jyefxvdkufonf/

þtcsdefwGif ESif;uGJpjyKNyD/ yg;pjyKNyDjzpfaom ESif;xkatmuf wJwHpyfNrdwf tpyfwGif vlwpfa,mufudkawGUvdkuf&onf/ uREfkyfudk avSmifajymifcJhaom? uREfkyf'l;ESifh wdkufcJhaom vlonf xdkolYvuf½Hk;xJwGif rvIyfom r½kef;om jzpfaeonf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õï éïéïéïéïé


]]EdkifhxufpD;eif; vkyfcsifMuwJhvlawG xGufoGm;Muprf;}}

xdkolu ajymajymqdkqdk olYvufxJrSvludkusefvlrsm;xHodkY wGef;aqmifhí ypfay;vdkufonf/tm;vHk; z½dkz&J jzpfoGm;Muonf/

]]a[h... b,fuaumif}}wpfa,mufu atmf[pfBuHK;0g;&ef jyifvdkuf

aomfvnf; pum;rqHk;rDrSmyif vlpdrf;onf rD;w&J&Jxif;pESpfckudk zswfvwfpGm qGJ,lum wpfbufpDudkif&if;...

]]rsufESm rD;ravmifcsif&if xGufoGm;Muprf;}}cufxufaom toGifESifh xif;pudk a0SU,rf;

aeyHkrSm aMumufp&m aumif;vSonf/ trl;orm;rsm;aemufqkwfoGm;onfESifhtrQ vlpdrf;u a&SUwdk;oGm;onf/ wa&GUa&GU qkwf&if; wJtjyifodkY a&mufoGm;NyD;aemuf uREfkyf 'l;ESifhwdkufypfcJhaomolu vufoD;vufarmif;wef;vsuf BuHK;0g;aejyefonf/

]]a[haumif... ypöEÅ&pfu awmom;? tdrfa&SUrif;tBuD;awmf&JU nDudk apmfum;wJhtwGuf rif;


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ï èïèïèïèïè


xdyfwHk;eJY Budrf'Pfoifhapr,f? em;vnfvm;}}]]rw&m; apmfum;armfum;wJhvlqdk&if tdrf

a&SUrif;tBuD;awmfruvdkY tdrfa&SUrif;udk,fwdkifyJ jzpfaeyap? ig*½krpdkufbl;/ rif;wdkY tBuD;awmfudkajymvdkuf? ig 'Dtr&yl&rSmyJ &dSaer,f/ ighemrnfi&pf? rHk&Gme,f yef;&if;ac: iy&if;&Gmom;? rif;wdkYa&TNrdKUawmfu wHcg;rSL;BuD; OD;atmifqdkwm ightbdk;yJ/ oGm; taMumif;Mum;vdkuf}}

trl;orm;rsm; aejynfawmf vrf;rbufodkYxGufoGm;Muonf/ vlpdrfvnf; wJxJodkY 0ifvmavonf/ olYvufxJu rD;&J&J xif;ESpfacsmif;udk rD;zdkxJjyefxnfhum z½dkz&J jzpfaeaom ypönf;rsm;udk odrf;onf/

]]aus;Zl;ygyJ a&mif;&if;? oif;wdkYu av;a,muftm;eJY 0dkif;csKyfawmh usKyfvnf; ½kwfw&ufrckcHEdkif jzpfoGm;wm}}

vlpdrf;u uREfkyfudk wpfcsufvSrf;Munfhonf/bmrQ jyefrajym/ olYtMunfhrSm wpfrsdK;[k uREfkyfxifonf/ olYrsufpd apmif;a,mifa,mif &dS[efwl


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õï çïçïçïçïç


onf/ ypönf;rsm;udk odrf;&if; wJaxmifhrSm xdkifaeaom &Jrif;xifudk olawGUoGm;onf/

]]olu bmjzpfaevdkYvJ}}&efyGJwGif &Jrif;xif bmaMumifh 0ifrulonf

udk olar;aMumif; uREfkyf em;vnfvdkufojzifh...]]olu rusef;rmbl;? yef;emonf}}]]yef;ema0'emonfudk &Jrufxm;&owJh

vm;? r[kwfvdkufwm/ wyfrSL;wdkY? AdkvfwdkY nHhoudk;}}olYpum;aMumifh uREfkyf wkefvIyfoGm;rdonf/

wyfrSL;wdkY? AdkvfwdkY nHhoudk;[laom pum;rSm &mZ0wfoifhEdkifonfh pum;/ NyD;awmh &Jrufwpfa,mufa&SUwGif rqifrjcif ajymonfhpum;/

olurl yuwd at;aq;wnfNidrfpGmyifarSmufcHkvJaeaom pm;yGJ0dkif;udk jyefaxmifaeonf/

]]t&D;... usKyfc&D;a0;u wpfnOfhvHk;tjyif;ESifvmcJh&wm? usKyfvnf; qmvSNyD}}

taMumf',fa&SUwGif wifysOfacG xdkifcsumAef;udkjyifay;onf/ apmapmu &efyGJ\ taiGUtoufudkaomfrQ olYxHü rawGU&awmh/ bmrQ rjzpfcJhovdk


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ î ðîðîðîðîð


yif/ taMumfpm;&efom ta&;BuD;qHk; oabmxm;[efrsdK;/

xdktcgrSyif olYudk uREfkyftuJcwfcGifh&awmhonf/

aoQmifudk tnmwbufjzifh ywfxm;onf/zsifMurf;cg;wdktusÐrSm ESif;rsm; &TJpdkaeNyD; atmufydk;usdKufxm;onfh rJykqdk;rSmvnf; &THUpufrsm; ayusHaeonf/ olYrSm bmypönf;? bmtxkyfrQvnf; yg[efr&dS/ iSufBuD;awmif "m;wpfpif;udka[mif;EGrf;vSaom"m;tdrfjzifh vG,fxm;onf/ yg;vTmvSaom EIwfcrf;rsm;rSm pum;wpfvHk;wpfav xkwfazmf&ef cJ,Of;onfhtvm; wif;wif;aphaeonf/ xdkifaeaomaMumifh olYt&yftarmif;udk cefYrSef;&ef cJ,Of;aomfvnf; uspfvspfvSonfh <uufom;rsm;udkrl olYvufarmif; vufzsHrsm;qDwGif txif;om;awGU&onf/

rnfodkYjzpfap þvlpdrf;um; uREfkyf\tcuftcJudk 0ifa&mufajz&Sif;ay;ol? tEdkifusifhapmfum;jcif;udk rcHwwfol? olYudk aus;Zl;pum; qdk&OD;rnf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õî ïîïîïîïîï


]]a&mif;&if; usKyfemrnfu iopfyg/ &JrufwpfOD;ygyJ/ apmapmu ajymoHMum;vdkufwmuawmha&mif;&if;emrnfu...}}

]]iopfwJhvm;? usKyfeJYcyfqifqifyJ/ usKyfemrnfu i&pf? rHk&Gme,fu yef;&if;ac: iy&if; &Gmom;}}

]]qHk&wm 0rf;ajrmufygw,fAsm/ tck a&TNrdKUawmfudk vmcJhwmu...}}

]]&GmrSm ESrf;cif; vkyfw,fav/tvkyftudkifraumif;vSygbl;/ raumif;wmxuf usKyfu0goemrygwm cufw,f/ usKyfu rif;rIxrf;NyD; ppfwdkufcsifwm/ 'Dtr&yl&u wHcg;eDrSL;BuD; OD;atmifqdkwmusKyftbkd;yJ/ tbdk;qDvmcJhw,f}}

]][kwfuJh... [kwfuJh}}wHcg;eDrSL;BuD; OD;atmifudk usKyf aumif;pGm

odonf/ wHcg;rSL;rsm;teufwGif tcufxef tMurf;wrf;qHk;? r[kwfrcHpdwf t&dSqHk; tbkd;BuD;yif/ ,ckolYajr;ESifh vmawGUae&aomaMumifh ydkí tHhMoaerdonf/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ î îîîîîîîîî


]]at;Asm? tultnDvdk&ifvnf; ajymaygh}}]]tultnD}}]][kwfuJh}}]]usKyfqdkwJhaumifu b,folUqDurS tul

tnD ,lwwfwmr[kwfbl;/ wpfckck vdkcsif&if usKyfbmom usKyf&atmif ,lwmyJ/ a&mif;&if;qDvnf;awmif;cGifhBuHKrSm r[kwfygbl;}}

olYpum; olYavoH rmaMumjywfawmif;aomaMumifh uREfkyfpdwfxJ wpfrsdK;jzpfoGm;onf/ NyD;awmhzswfueJ uREfkyfxH vSrf;Munfhvdkufaom rsufvHk;tpHkudkvnf; owdxm;vdkufrdonf/ ol rsufpdapmif;oa,muf &dSonfum; trSefyif/ odkYaomf olYrsufvHk;rsm; pl;&SvGef;vSonf/

]]'D tr&yl&rSm bmjzpfaeMuwmwkef;}}]]Asm...}}olYtaMumif; awG;aerdojzifh olYtar;udk

r&Sif;rvif; jzpfoGm;onf/]]a0'emonfudk &Jrufxm;w,f/ eef;wGif;

om;awGu tcsdefrJh? pnf;rJh t&ufaopm rl;,pfNyD;


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õî íîíîíîíîí


tm;enf;oludk apmfum;w,f/ rif;aejynfawmfrSm'Dvdk rzG,fr&mrsdK; aemufxyf bmawGrsm; &dSao;vJ}}

uREfkyf bmjyefajym&rSef;rod/]]usKyfom tBuD;trSL;qdk&if 'grsdK;awG vHk;0

onf;rcHbl;}}taMumfrsm;udk aumuf0g;&if; olYbmomol

ajymaeonf/]]aeyGifhawmhr,f? usKyfoGm;r,f/ 'DrSm

taMumfzdk;}}ajymajymqdkqdk ol xxGufoGm;onf/ wJt

jyifa&mufrS jyefvSnfhum uREfkyfudk vSrf;Munfhvsuf-]]AsdKU... udk&ifiopf? qHkMuOD;pdkY}}ESif;xkxJodkY xdk;azmufvmaeMuNyDjzpfaom

aejcnfwef;rsm;udk oljzwfavQmufoGm;onf/jrifuGif;rS aysmufuG,fonftxd rsufpdwqHk; Munfhaerdonf/ olESifhywfoufaom uREfkyf\ cHpm;&rItwGufpum;vHk;ESpfvHk;udk uREfkyf csufcsif;&vdkufayonf/

cifrifav;pm;zG,f...ol/À À À


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ î ìîìîìîìîì


¬½»ºå øî÷

rHk&Gme,f? yef;&if;ac: iy&if;&Gmom; i&pfqkdolESifh aqmif;&moD wpfeHeufwGif xl;xl;jcm;jcm;awGUqHkcJh&NyD; aemufydkif;wGifolYudk uREfkyf pdwf0ifwpm;owdw& &dSaecJhonf/ olajymoGm;ovdk olYtbkd;wHcg;rSL;BuD; OD;atmifxHodkY ola&mufrS a&mufygavrvm;/ ol 0goemygonfh rif;rIxrf;ppfonf jzpfrSjzpfygavrvm;[k uREfkyf awG;aerdonf/

olYudk trSwf&aeaomfvnf; olESifh rqHkjzpfcJh/olYowif;udkvnf; rMum;&?? pifppf uREfkyfrSmvnf;tr&yl& a&TNrdKUawmf&dS ajrmufjrm;vSpGmaom wyf


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õî ëîëîëîëîë


awmfom;wdkYteuf NrdKUapmifhwyf\ omref &Jrufi,fwpfOD;rQom jzpfaomaMumifh eef;wGif;wGif uREfkyf\ vIyf&Sm;ESHUpyfEdkifrIrSm usOf;ajrmif;ao;i,fvSayonf/

xdkYtjyif olYtaMumif;udk wckw& pHkprf;zdkY xm;bdOD;? uREfkyf udk,fwdkifyifvQif wyfrawmfom;wdkY\ rjywfrvyf avhusifh&aom qifpD;? jrif;pD;?"m;vSH tJarmif;ESifh rD;aygufaoewf avhusifha&;rsm;jzifh rtm;rvyfEdkif&dScJh&onf/ txl;ojzifhrl rdbr&dS?aqGrsdK;nmwumr&dS/ wpfaumif<uufomjzpfaomuREfkyftzdkY avmuwGif b,folYudkrQ cifwG,fp&mr&dSjzpfav&m rdrd\ppfa&;twwf uRrf;usifjrifhrm;a&;ESifh trIawmfxrf; t&mtqifh wdk;wufa&;onfomt"du jzpfavonf/ a&TNrdKUawmf&dS qifwyf?jrif;wyfESifh ajcvsifwyfwdkYrSmvnf; bdk;awmfrif;w&m;BuD;\ trdefYawmfjzifh w&Hrem; wdk;csJUavhusifhaeMuonfjzpfaomaMumifh? uREfkyfrSm bmudkrQ txl;taxGpdwfysHUvGifh 0ifpm;csdefr&Edkif/ tm;vyfcsdefrsdK;rSmyifvQif uREfkyfBudKufwwfaom xef;vsuft&ufudktvsifuvdk rSefrSefrrSD0Jjzpf/ tm;vyfcGifh&csdefrsm;wGif


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ î êîêîêîêîê


&JrufaoG;aomufrsm;ESifhtwl 0dkif;zGJU ao,pfrnfhtpm; qifjzL&Sif rif;w&m;BuD; vufxufu rif;BuD;vuf0JokE& pD&ifcJhaom ]aoe*FAsL[m ppfordkif;ESifhAsL[puúdysdKU}udkom txyfxyf zwf½Iavhvmaerdonf/ omref &Jrufi,fb0jzifh uREfkyf rauseyfEdkif/trIawmfudk pGrf;pGrf;wrH xrf;&if; tMuyf? aoG;aomufponfjzifh wpfqifhxufwpfqifh t&mwdk;wuf jrifhrm;a&;onfom uREfkyf\ wpfckwnf;aom&nfrSef;csufjzpfonf/

rdrdudk,frdrd rtm;rvyfatmif armif;ESifapcdkif;aeonfh tcsdefwdkif;wGif aqmif;wpfeHeufrSmqHkcJh&aom yef;&if;ac: iy&if;&Gmom; i&pfqdkoludkowd&aerdonfuawmh qef;onf qdk&rnf/

olYudk bmaMumifh rSwfrSwf&& &dSae&ovJqdkjcif;udk rlvu oabmraygufaomfvnf; wjznf;jznf; oabmaygufem;vnfvmonf/ pifppf þodkYem;vnfvmjcif;rSmvnf; aoG;aomufBuD; &Jrif;xifaMumifhyifjzpfayonf/ &Jrif;xifonf vuf½Hk;t&mwGif nHhzsif;vSaom a&m*gonf &JrufBuD;wpfa,muf


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õî éîéîéîéîé


jzpfaomfvnf; vlwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ tZÑwåESifhywfoufírlum; aphaphpyfpyfjrifwwfaom olayyif/

i&pfudk owd&ç&aeaMumif;uREfkyfu ajymaomtcg &Jrif;xifu rsufvHk;rsm;udk pOf;i,farS;a,mif jyKvsuf ajymavonf/

]]tif;...'Dvludk rif; cPcP owd&&aew,fqdkwm trSefawmh rqef;vSygbl;/ awGUBuHK qHkqnf;&yHkav;udku trSwfw& jzpfp&mudk;...}}

taMumfwJ tjzpfoepfudk ol&nf&G,fajymjcif;jzpfonf/

]]awGUBuHKqHkqnf;&yHku trSwfw& jzpfp&mrdkYvdkY [kwfvm;? xm;ygawmh/ 'gayr,fh tJ'Dwkef;ucif;Asm;vnf; &dSaewm r[kwfvm;/ cifAsm;usawmhi&pfudk owd&w,fvdkY wpfcgrS rajymzl;ygvm;}}

]]at;av? iguvnf; rif;vludk owdrSr&bJ}}

]]usKyfu bmaMumifh owd&ae&ovJAsm}}]][... aumifav;&? olawmfcsif;csif;


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ î èîèîèîèîè


owif;avGUavGU aygif;zufawGUqdkwJhpum; &dSom;r[kwfvm;/ i&pfudk rif; trSwf&aewJh taMumif;&if;u i&pfudk rif;pdwf0ifpm;vdkYaygh/ pdwf0ifpm;&atmifuvnf; i&pfeJYrif; wlwm&dSvdkYaygh}}

]]bmwlwmvJ? bmaMumifh cifAsm; 'DvdkajymEdkifovJ aoG;aomufBuD;}}

]]igajymr,f? vlvlcsif;rSm raem"mwfcsif;qufoG,frdwwfwm &Sdw,fuG/ "mwfcHcsif; qifwl&ifpdwf0ifpm;wmcsif; qifwl&if wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf owd&aewwfw,f...}}

]]cifAsm;ajymwm ½IyfvkdufwmAsm}}]]r½Iyfygbl;? rif;em;vnfatmif ajym&,if

a,musfm;av;eJY rdef;uav;&Jpm;oemjzpfMua&mqdkygawmh? olwdkYwpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf pdwf0ifpm;aeMuavawmh wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf owd&&aewmrsdK;aygh? cspfa&;? BudKufa&; "mwfcHcsif;uwlaew,fav}}

em;vnfovdkvdkawmh&S donf/ odk Yaomfoabmraygufao;/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õî çîçîçîçîç


]]&Jpm;oemtaMumif; Oyrmxnfhraeprf;ygeJY? usKyfrvJ &Jpm;r&Sdygbl;}}

]]em;a0;oudk;uG? udkif;... igar;r,f? wdkYtckNrdKUapmifhwyfrSm rif;vdkomref&Jrufi,faygif;b,favmuf&SdovJ}}

]]axmifcsD&Sdwmaygh? cifAsm;vJ odom;eJY}}]]at;... tJ'Daxmifausmf&SdwJhtxJrSm

rif;[mwjcm;&JrufawGeJYrwl ppfonftwwfudkbmaMumifh 'DavmuftywfwukwfBudK;pm;aeovJ}}

]]usKyfu &Jrufb0eJY auseyfr,hftaumifrSr[kwfbJ? tMuyf? aoG;aomuf? wyfrSL;? Adkvf? tqifhqifh wufcsifwm vuf½Hk;pGrf; jycsifwm? ppfonfawmfaumif; jzpfcsifwm}}

]]rif;vl i&pfvJ 'DvdkyJ&SdrSmyJaygh? pD;yGm;vufikwf ESrf;cif;udkypfNyD; tr&yl&wufvmwmMunhfawmh? rif;wdkYESpfa,muf tJ'Dvkd"mwfcHcsif;wlaevdkY?NyD;awmh "mwfcHcsif;wlaewmudkvJ rif;utvdkvdkodvd kufvd k Y i&pfud k rif;pdwf0ifpm;wmaygh?'gyJayghuG...}}


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ í ðíðíðíðíð


]]usKyf... olYudk tawmfoabmusaewmAs

]]oabmusp&mygyJ? vlyHkMunfh&wmuawmha[h? twmf&nf&G,fcsufBuD;NyD;? tawmfjywfom;r,fhyHk? 'gayr,hf oabmraemuawmh ajzmifhpif;r,fhyHkyJ}}

]]aeprf;ygtHk;? cifAsm;ajymwm bmwJh? "mwfcHcsif;wlw,fqdkawmh usKyfuowd&aeovdk? oluaumusKyfudkrsm; owd&aervm; rodbl;Asaemf}}

]]ightxifawmh olvJ tvm;wl &SdrSmyJ}}]]'gayr,fh... 'Dvlb,fa&mufaew,fqdkwm

rod&wmu cufw,fAsm}}]]wHcg;eDrSL;BuD;qD oGm;ar;ygvm;uG}}]]tbdk;atmifvm;? 'DvlBuD;eJY pum;ajym&rSm

awmh veYfw,fAsm}}]]tif;av? rif; pHkprf;aep&mawmif vdkr,f

rxifygbl;? wpfaeYaeYawmh rif;wdkYESpfa,muf qHkMutHk;rSmygyJ}}

aoG;aomufBuD;&Jrif;xif\pum;rSefvS


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õí ïíïíïíïíï


aMumif; awGU&awmhonf/ olESifhuREkfyfjyefvnfqHkawGU&yHkrSmvnf; yxrtBudrfuJhodkYyif trSwfxifxif &SdvSonf/ odkYaomf yxrtBudrfvdk aqmif;wpfeHeuf ESif;jzLawG ydwfqdkYaecsdef aejynfawmfvrf;axmifhu taMumfwJav;rSm trl;orm;rsm;ESifh&efyGJjzpfaepOf qHkyHkrsdK;ESifh vHk;0rqdkif/

a&Teef;awmfBuD;\ nDvmcHobif? rSL;rwfy&dowfAdkvfyHktv,f/

À À À


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ í îíîíîíîíî


2bdk;awmfrif;w&m;BuD;\om;awmf oD&dr[m

"r®bdZ,oD[ol& bGJUwHqdyfawmfcH tdrfa&SUpHukd,fawmfBuD;onf (1170)jynfhESpfwGif uHawmfukefcJhavonf/ wefcl;vtwGif;rSmjzpfonf[komrSwfrdonf/ aeY&ufudk uREfkyfrrSwfrdawmh/ uHawmfukef tdrfa&SUudk,fawmfBuD;\ t½dkuft&mudk bdk;awmfbk&m;u ajr;awmfppfudkif;rif;uav;tm; vTJtyfvdkufonf/

ppfudkif;rif;onf a,musfm;aumif; rif;jrwfwpfyg;jzpfaMumif; awGU&í uREkfyfwdk Ytm;vHk;


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õí ííííííííí


0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;om&SdvSayonf/ppfudkif;rif;uav;\ nDvmcHobifudk wuf

a&mufcGifh&olrsm;teufwGif uREkfyfvnf; tygt0ifjzpfvmcJhonf/ &SpfESpfwmumvtwGif;wGif uREkfyfvnf; rem;raeBudK;pm;tm;xkwfcJhaom vHkYvOó[aMumifh &Jrufi,ftjzpfrSonftMuyf? aoG;aomufrSwqifh wyfom;ig;q,f? tMuyfig;OD;ESihf aoG;aomufwpfOD;? pkpkaygif;ig;q,fhajcmufOD;tay: tkyfcsKyf&aom wyfrSL;i,fb0odkY a&mufcJhNyDjzpfonf/ wyfrSL;i,fyifjzpfaomfvnf; uREkfyf\ wyfrAdkvfcsKyfa&TawmifpEáemf&xm\ vuf½Hk;udk,f&HawmftjzpftrIxrf;cGifh&onftxd tajcjrihfrm;vmcJhonf/AdkvfcsKyfonf tdrfa&SUpH\nDvmcHobifodkY wufa&muf&oljzpf&m ig;&ufwpfBudrf AdkvfxktpHktvifnDvmcHobifaeYwdkif; uREkfyfvnf; ukd,f&Hawmftjzpfeef;awmfodkY 0ifcGifh&vmcJhonf/

þig;&ufwpfBudrfobif\ wpfckaomnDvmcHobifwGif olESihfxyfrH qHkawGUjzpfMujcif;ayownf;/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ í ìíìíìíìíì


rPdyl&apmfbGm;? r[m&mZm a*smf*spfqif;rcefYrnm;&Sdonhfta&;udk taMumif;jyKí bdk;awmfbk&m;\ trdefYjzihf tdrfa&SUpHppfudkif;rif;uav; onfwyfrAdkvfcsKyfrsm;? Adkvfrsm;? NrdKUpm;e,fpm;0efBuD;rsm;udk nDvmcHac:avonf/ ppfa&;nDvmcHjzpfaomfvnf; xdkaeYu eef;awmfcef;raqmifü tjcm;aomNrdKU0ef? trSL;trwf? trIxrf;rsm;vnf; wufa&mufMuojzifh cef;raqmifBuD;wpfckvHk; 'l;ra&TUomavmufatmif jynfhusyfaeonf/ uREk fyfvnf;tdrfa&SUpH\ yv �ifESifh av;wdkifajrmuftcef;0,fAd kvfcsKyfa&TawmifpEáemf&xm\ ukd,f&Hawmfwyfrª;i,ftjzpf AdkvfcsKyfaemufyg;rS 'l;wkyfysyf0yfcpm;ae&onf/

obifcef;rtwGif;rSm tdrfa&SUpHonfrPdyl& ppfcsDwyfrrsm;\ tBuD;tcsKyfjzpfaomaersdK;rif;vS r[maemf&xmudk trª;jyKvsuf tjcm;AdkvfcsKyfrsm;? 0efBuD;rsm; ppfa&;aqG;aEG;aeMuonf/

]]apmfbGm;ti,f rm*spfqif;u uREkfyfwdkYvufatmuf cdkvHIvmwmuawmh [kwfNyD? apmfbGm;


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õí ëíëíëíëíë


tBuD;olYaemifawmf a*smf*spfqif;&JU ta&;udkyJtm½HkpdkufMu&r,f? tck a*smf*spfqif; b,fa&mufaeovJ? olYaemufqHk;owif;udk odcsifw,f}}

tdrfa&SUpHu pum;tydktvdkroHk;bJ wkduf½dkufar;avonf/

aersdK;rif;vS r[maemf&xmu toH0gBuD;jzifh tpD&ifcHonf/

]]aemufqHk; owif;t&awmh a*smf*spfqif;[m ucsme,fuaewqifh uvuwåm;udk xGufajy;NyD; rsufESmjzLawGqDrSm cdkvHIoGm;w,fvdkY od&ygw,ftdrfa&SUpHbk&m;}}

]]NAdwdoQawGqDu bmta&;qdkoH Mum;ovJ}}]]NAdwdoQawG[m Oa&myrSm z&efppf jyifopf

awGeJY ppfjyKae&vdkY avmavmq,frSmawmh a*smf*spfqif;udk tultnDray;Edkifao;ygbl;bk&m;}}

]]wyfrif;BuD;? avmavmq,fqdkwJh pum;vHk;oifoHk;oGm;w,f? 'Dpum;&JUwpfbuf teuft"dyÜm,fu aemifwpfcsdefqdk,ifawmhvdkY t"dyÜm,f&aew,f[kwfovm;}}


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ í êíêíêíêíê


]]rsufESmjzL NAdwdoQawGudk bmtaMumif;eJYrS,Hkpm;zdkYr&Sdyg udk,faw,mfBuD;}}

]]rSefygw,fbk&m;? rPdyl&[m ppfaMumif;wpfckjzpfvmEdkifygw,f}}

þwpfcg 0ifajymolum; uREkfyf\AdkvfcsKyfa&TawmifpEáemf&xmjzpfonf/

tdrfa&SUpHonf wpfckckudk av;eufpGmawG;awm[efjzifh wdwfqdwfaeonf/ tdrfa&SUpHuwdwfqdwfaeaomaMumifh nDvmcHcef;raqmifBuD;wpfckvHk;wGifvnf; yuwdNidrfoufoGm;onf/oufjyif;½dIufoHtcsdKUudkom roJruGJMum;ae&onf/

xdkodkY obifwpfckvHk;wdwfqdwfNidrfoufaepOfrSmyif uREkfyfxdkifaeonfhae&m\ aemufbufusus 0Jaxmifhae&mqDrS...

]]atmifr,fav;... aoygNyDAs}}[laompl;pl;0g;0g; atmf[pfoHwpfckudk Mum;vkduf&awmhonf/wdwfqdwfjcif;\tv,fA[dkwGif xGufay:vmaomatmfoHjzpfaomaMumifh cef;rBuD;wpfckvHk; [def;aeatmif jrnf[nf;oGm;onf/ y&dwfowftm;vHk;&Sd


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õí éíéíéíéíé


&modkY udk,f&Hawmfwyfom;rsm; ajy;oGm;Muavonf/wpfae&mqDwGif ½Iyf½IyfaxG;axG; jzpfae

onfudk awGU&onf/ AdkvfcsKyfa&TawmifpEaemf&xm\udk,f&Hawmftjzpf uREfkyfvnf;AdkvfcsKyf\ tEÅ&m,fudkumuG,f&rnf[laom todcsufcsif;0ifum ½kwf½kwfoJoJ jzpfae&mqDodkY wpf[kwfxdk;ajy;oGm;vdkufonf/

ppfa&;nDvmcHjzpfaomaMumifh "m;udkifaqmifcGifh&xm;aomfvnf; "m;tdrfrS"m;udk rcRwfom?udk,f&Hawmfwyfrª;rsm; 0dkif;tHkaeMuonfhae&mqDodkYom ajy;0if,if; vltkyfudk wGef;xdk;z,fxkwfypf&awmhonf/

jcif;&mcyfodrf;udk awGUvdkuf&onf/eef;&ifjyifwGif vlwpfa,muf arSmufvsuf

om; vJusaeonf/ aoG;paoG;e rawGU&aomfvnf;vJusaeolonf ryDro atmf[pfnnf;wGm;qJyif?vJusaeol\aemufwGif a&n§da&mif udk,fusyf0wfudk,f&Hawmftqifh&Sdol wpfa,mufonf olYudk0dkif;0ef; csKyfudkifxm;olrsm;vufxJrSm ½kef;uefaeavonf/ olyifvQif tEÅ&m,f&Sdol[k csufcsif;odvdkufNyD;


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ í èíèíèíèíè


0dkif;csKyfolrsm;vufrS vGwfxGufoGm;aom olYvufarmif;udk uREfkyf0ifí zrf;csKyfvdkufonf/ taxG;axG;t,Suf,SufjzpfaeaomaMumifh ½kef;uefaeol\rsufESmudk aumif;pGmrawGU&/ tiftm;oefpGrf;pGm½kef;uefaeaomaMumifh tm;pdkufNyD;csKyf&efomBudK;pm;ae&onf/ tem;wGifvnf; wdk;a0SYvJNydKaeolrsm;jzifh ½IyfaxG;aeonf/

olYvufudk uREkfyf rdrd&&zrf;csKyfvdkufcsdefrSmyif uREfkyf\wpfoufwGif aemufxyfrBuHKEdkifawmhaom tHhMop&m tjzpftysufudk awGUvdkuf&awmhonf/

]]usKyf b,frSrajy;ygbl;? csKyfraeprf;ygeJYiopf&,f}}

toH&Sifum; olrSol/ uREkfyf\vl i&pf/]]tvdkav;... cifAsm;...}}

twdkif;rodtHhMovGef;aompdwfaMumifh uREkfyfbmrQrajymEdkif/

i&pfu uREfkyfudkrodrom NyHK;jyum...]]usKyf vuf½Hk;udk zrf;udkifNyD; tdrfa&SUpH


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õí çíçíçíçíç


a&SUarSmuftxd ac:ayawmh}}ajymajymqdkqdk oluyifa&SUaqmifí xdwf

vefYtHhMoaeMuaom rsufESmrsm;a&SUrSjzwfumtdrfa&SUpH\ yv�ifqDodkYavQmufoGm;onf/ uREkfyfvnf;olYvufarmif;udk udkifonfqdk½HkrQomudkifí vdkufygcJh&onf/ uREfkyfu zrf;qD;cJhjcif;r[kwfbJ olutzrf;cHcJhjcif;yif/

tdrfa&SUpHa&SUarSmufodkY ra&mufrD vrf;cGwfvyfwGif olu uREkfyfudk wD;wdk;ajymavonf/

]]udk,fawmfBuD;a&SUa&muf&if &mZ0wfom;udkzrf;qD;&rdcJhygNyD bk&m;vdkYomavQmuf iopfMum;vm;?usKyfajymwJhtwdkif;omvkyf}}

bmwpfckrQ em;rvnfaomfvnf; bmrQrwwfEdkif/ olajymovkdom vkdufem&awmhonf/

]]&mZ0wfom;udk zrf;qD;&rdcJhygNyDbk&m;}}armhrMunhf&ojzifh rjrif&aomfvnf;

ppfudkif;rif;\ rsufvHk;tpHk rD;0if;0if;awmufaeonfudk odojzifh uREfkyfausmxJ pdrfhaerdonf/ i&pftzdkYum; rnfodkY&Sdavrnfrod/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ì ðìðìðìðìð


]]nDvmcH eef;raqmiftwGif; obiftcsdeftcgrSm b,fvdk rzG,fr&mtrIrsdK; jzpfovJajymprf;...}}

uREkfyfudkar;aom ar;cGef;jzpfonf/ bmjzpfrSef;rod&onfhtxJ tdrfa&SUpH\ cufxefaom toHaMumifh uREkfyfwpfudk,fvHk; wkefoGm;avonf/ odkYaomfuREkfyfudk,fpm; 0ifajzvdkufolum; i&pfudk,fwkdif/

]]ud k,fawmf BuD;bk&m;? xm;,ifvJ&Sif&ygr,f/ owf&ifvnf; ao&ygr,f/ uRefawmfrsdK;emrnf i&pfjzpfygw,f? ewf&GmpHtdrfa&SUudk,fawmfBuD; vufxufuwnf;u t&Sifhvufxuftxdudk,f&Hawmfwyfrª;i,ftjzpf trIxrf;aeolygbk&m;...}}

]]i&pf... aMomf... wHcg;eDrª;BuD;&JUajr;qdkwmvm;...}}tdrfa&SUpHu cufxefaeqJtoHjzifh ar;onf/

]][kwfygw,fbk&m;}}xdktcdkufrSmyif wyfrª;i,fwpfa,muf

uREkfyfwdkYab;odkY a&mufvmonf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õì ïìïìïìïìï


]]i&pf[m olYa&SUu vlwpfa,mufudkjyif;jyif;xefxef axmif;Budwfvdkufygw,f bk&m;?taxmif;cH&ol[m owdvpfoGm;ygw,f}}cef;rwpfckvHk; toHwa0ga0gqloGm;avonf/

]]taxmif;cH&ol[m tBuD;awmf&JUnDiomNcHKygbk&m;}}

olYudkvSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/ i&pfurl trlt&m wpfa&G;wpfaphr,Gif;/

]]rif;... bmaMumifh 'Dvkdvkyf&wmvJ i&pf}}]]rSefygbk&m;? trIawmfudk oufpGefYBudK;yrf;

NrJNrHcdkifvHkpGm xrf;&GufcJhayr,fh uRefawmfrsdK; i&pf[m trnfemreJY vlyk*¾dKvfwGJNyD; todtrSwfjyKrcH&?a&SUawmfarSmufrSm rxifay:&wJhtwGuf t&Sifhem;t&SifhrsufpdrSm aygufMum;atmif tckvdk jyKrlvdkuf&jcif; jzpfygw,fbk&m;}}

toHrsm; qlnHoGm;jyefonf/ tdrfa&SUpHum;b,fodkY&Sdavrnfrod/ pum;wpfvHk;pD wpfvHk;pDudkwkef,ifxpfaighjcif;uif;pGm ajymoGm;onfholYtoHtqHk;0,f uREkfyfMuufoD;arG;nif;xoGm;onf/ i&pf


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ì îìîìîìîìî


½l;oGyfaeNyDavm/tdrfa&SUpH\toH [def;íxGufvmjyefonf/]]AdkvfyHktv,f xifay:csifvdkY? ighem;ayguf

Mum;csifvdkY? i&pfqdkwm odapcsifvdkY 'Dvkdvkyfw,f[kwfvm;}}

]][kwfygw,fbk&m;}}]]wpfbufom;udk temw&jzpfatmif

vkyfwm[m enf;rSefovm;}}]]tjcm; ta&;t&mvJ ray:ygbk&m;?

uRefawmfrsdK; i&pfjzpfaMumif; t&SifodapzdkY 'Denf;om&Sdygawmhw,fbk&m;...}}

]]rPdyl&ta&; aqG;aEG;aewJhnDvmcHqdkwmrif;em;rvnfbl;vm;}}

]]rPdyl&ta&; aqG;aEG;wJh nDvmcHrdkYvJ 'Dvdkvkyfwmygbk&m;}}

]]bm...}}]]opömazmufapmfbGm;a*smf*spfqif; t

aMumif;Mum;vkduf&wJhtcgrSm aoG;ydkqlvmNyD; csufcsif; xaxmif;jzpfoGm;ygw,fbk&m;...}}


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õì íìíìíìíìí


wyfrif;BuD;rsm;qDrS cyftkyftkyf&,foHrsm;Mum;&ojzifh uREkfyfpdwfxJrSm tenf;i,foufom&m &oGm;onf/

]]rif;... t½l;yJ}}]]trIawmfudk onfhxufqwdk; xrf;&GufcGifh

r&cJh,ifvJ uRefawmfrsdK;udk,fwGif;rSm ppfpdwfppfaoG;awG aygufuGJNyD; ½l;oGyfoGm;rSm trSefygyJbk&m;}}

]]rif;... b,foleJ Ypum;ajymaeovJqdkwmaum od&JUvm;}}

]]rSefyg? xm;,ifae? owf,ifaoygr,fbk&m;}}

]]owfypf&r,fh tjypfrsdK;rS r[kwfaywmyJ}}uREkfyf&ifxJrSmyif oufjyif;csvdkufrdonf/

i&pft&Judk; vGef;vScsnfh[laom pdk;&drfpdwfvnf;avsmhoGm;onf/

]]'gayr,hf...}}tdrfa&SUrif;u pum;rqufao;bJ acwå&yfwefYNyD;rS...

rif;xaxmif;cJhwJhvl[m owdarhaeNyD? xdkuf


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ì ììììììììì


oifhwJh yPÖmeJYwuG olYudk rif;&Sdcdk;awmif;yef&r,f}}]]uRefawmfrsdK; ydkifqdkiforQypönf;Opöm tm;vHk;

udk ay;avsmfygr,fbk&m;? 'gayr,fh &Sdcdk;awmif;yefjcif;awmh rjyKyg&apeJYbk&m;}}

]]bm...}}]]taxmif;cH&ol[m uRefawmfrsdK;&Sdcdk;xdkuf

wJhvlr[kwfygbk&m;...}}]]a[h...rif;axmif;vkdufwJhvl[m tBuD;

awmf&JU nDt&if;uG? em;vnfvm;...}}]]rSefyg? iomNcHK[m aemif&if;jzpfwJhtBuD;

awmf&JU t&Sdeft0gudk tm;jyKNyD; ao&nf rl;,pfaomufpm; tm;enf;olrsm;tay: aomhoGrf;qdk;&Gm;Edkifxufuvl jyKaeolygbk&m;...}}

]]a[h... vlrdkuf? igtrdefYawmf csaew,f}}i&pf wdwfqdwfNidrfoufaeonf/ jyif;xef

aom oufjyif;½dIufoHBuD;wpfck olYqDrS ay:xGufvmonf/

]]trdefYawmftwdkif;ygbk&m;...}}]]oGm;EdkifNyD}}


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õì ëìëìëìëìë


wdk;wdk;oJhoJh pum;ajymoHrsm;? txl;tqef;rsufvHk;tMunfhrsm;udk jzwfvsuf uREkfyfwdkYaemufjyefqkwfcJhMuonf/ udk,f&Hawmf wyfrª;rsm;u i&pfjzwfavQmufoGm;wdkif; uysmu&m &SJay;Muavonf/

olYtoGifum; ppfyGJjyef atmifEdkifolwpfOD;toGifrsdK;/

À À À


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ì êìêìêìêìê


3]]aeprf;ygtHk; a&mif;&if;&m? a&SUrSm xdkifaewJh

vl[m [dktaMumfwJrSm qHkcJh&wJhvlqdkwm a&mif;&if;tpuwnf;u odxm;vdkYvm;}}

b,fu od&rSmvJ? usKyfu'DnDvmcHrSmawmheD;wJhvl xaxmif;r[JhvdkY tpuwnf;u qHk;jzwfxm;wm? uHaumif;csifawmh taxmif;cH&wJh vl[musKyfwdkYrdwfaqGBuD;jzpfaewmudk;...}}

]]xm;ygawmhAsm? 'gayr,fh udk&ifhvkyfyHk t&Judk;vGef;vSw,f}}

]]tdrfa&SUpHtrsufxGufNyD; owfvJ aor,fvdkY


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õì éìéìéìéìé


qHk;jzwfNyD;om;[mudk;? toufudkpGefYxm;NyD;om;av}}]]tJ'Dwkef;u usKyfjzifhtoufudk r½ª&Jbl;?

udk&ifh[mu tdrfa&SUpHudk wpfcGef;wifwpfcGef;us ajymaeawmhwmuvm;}}

]]bmyJjzpfjzpf usKyftcktjypf jrLwrIefrSrwifbl;r[kwfvm;? 'DyGJ[m vl½l;vlrdkuf qefayr,fhusKyftzdkYaumif;aom tusdK;&vm'fESpfck &vdkufw,f}}

]][kwfygw,f? udk&ifhudk a&Teef;awmfuodoGm;NyD}}

]]'guawmh usKyfcsdef&G,fypfvTwfvdkufwJhtJarmif;oGm;[m pufwkdifudk 0ifpGJwJhoabmrsdK;yJ?rarQmfvifhbJ &vdkufwmuawmh iomcsHK}}

]]tif;... [dkvlawmh wpfcsufyJ atmfEdkifw,f}}

]]olrSef;tpu rodcJhwm oluHaumif;oGm;w,f? EdkYrdkYqdk,if yGJausmif;wkef;u usKyfoifcJh&wJhteufwkefY enf;eJYaxmif;vdkuf&,if oif;ae&mrSmwif aoG;tefNyD;toufaysmufr,f? iomNcHK[mtifrwef,kwfrmodrfzsif;wJh vlYwd&pämefyJ? tdrfa&SUpH


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ì èìèìèìèìè


udk usKyfajymzdkY roifhvdkY oif;[m ol&mar&d,wifrubl; umarokorm;vJ jzpfw,f}}

]]'geJY... tdrfa&SUpHu olYudk &Sdcdk;awmif;yefzdkYtrdefYawmf csvdkufwmaum...}}

]]iomNcHK 'Dwd&pämefvm; trdefYawmfrdkY usKyfoif;udk awmif;yefzdkYoGm;ygw,f/ usKyfudk rawGU&Jbl;av? bDvl;o&JxifNyD; aMumufaMumufeJY oif;xGufajy;oGm;vdkufwm tr&yl&rSmawmif r&Sdawmhbl;...wJh}}

]]aumif;ygavAsm... aumif;ygavh}}xdkYaemuf olESihfuREfkyf tqifhqifh &mxl;

wdk;wufcJhonfhtaMumif;rsm;ESihf udk,f&Hawmf wyfrª;i,fb0txd a&mufcJhyHkrsm;taMumif; toD;oD; vJvS,fajymqdk jzpfMuonf/

]]udk&if iopf&JU? udk&ifeJYusKyfeJYvJ taMumfwJrSm awGUNyD;uwnf;u vlcsif;rqHkjzpf oGm;vdkufwmwu,fhaeYusawmhrS &mZ0wfom;eJY zrf;qD;oltjzpfqHk&awmhwmudk;...}}olu &,f,if;ajymonf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õì çìçìçìçìç


]]rqHkjzpfayr,hf udk&ifhudk usKyftNrJ owd&aeoAs}}

]]usKyfvJ udk&ihfvdkyJ taMumfwJrSm awGUcJh&wJh&Jrufi,fav;&JUtoGifudk jrifjrifaerdw,f...}}

wpfaumif<uuf oHa,mZOfrJh uREkfyftzdkYwpfudk,fvHk; aEG;axG;oGm;aponfh pum;yifjzpfawmhonf/ uREkfyfwdkYum; emrnfcsif; toHwl½HkrQomru&Jrif;xifajymovdk "mwfcHcsif;vnf; wlolrsm;jzpfaeMuNyDxifonf/

]]usKyfwdk Y aoG;aomufnDaemif&if;awGjzpfMuNyD udk&ifi&pf}}

]]toufxufqHk;ayghAsm}}]]cifAsm; tck touf b,favmuf&SdNyDvJ

...? udk&if i&pf}}]]usKyfvm;? av;q,fh av;ckzGm; av}}Ä

]][if... [kwfvm;? usKyfvJ av;q,fhav;ckzGm;yJ? b,fvvJ}}

]]wefaqmifrkef;vqef; ESpf&uf? Ak'[l;aeY}}]][m... usKyfu jymodkvqef;&Spf&uf? Ak'[l;


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ë ðëðëðëðëð


aeY? Munfhprf; cifAsm;usKyfxuf ESpfvyJBuD;w,f?aeYcsif;vJ twlwlyJAsdKU}}

]]aoG;aomufBuD;&Jrif;xifa&? cifAsm;ajymwmawG tm;vHk;rSefaeNyD}}[kom uREkfyf&ifxJrStxyfxyftcgtcg a&&Gwfrdavonf/

Ä

À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õë ïëïëïëïëï


¬½»ºå øí÷

rwnfrNrJ a&GUavsm ajymif;vJwwfaomtedpöw&m;udk uREkfyfonf toufi,fi,f&G,f&G,frSmyif oabmaygufem;vnfvmcJhavonf/

ajymif;vJrIrsm;uvnf; t&Sdeft[kef vsifjrefvSonf/ rsufESmjzL NAdwdoQrsm;ESihfywfoufaomta&;t&monf a&Teef;awmftwGif; wpfaeYrjywfay:aygufaeonf/ wpfcsdefcsdefwGif NAdwdoQwdkYESihfppfqufjzpfyGm;vdrfhrnf[kvnf; jynfa&;jynf&mudkem;vnfMuaom eef;wGif;tBuD;tuJrsm;u BudKwifedrdwfzwfaeMuonf/

uREkfyfrSm aoe*FAsL[m ppfynmrSty EdkifiH


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ë îëîëîëîëî


awmf ta&;t&mrsm;ü uRrf;0ifESHYpyfol r[kwfaomaMumifh olwpfyg;ajymqdkaeMuorQudkom em;axmif&avonf/ qifusHK;? vSHpufypfuGif;? jrif;aZmif;? "m;a&;avhusifhuGif;ESifh rD;aygufaoewfavhusifhuGif;rsm;wGifom 0ifpm;ESHpyfcJhaom uREkfyftzdkY ½IyfaxG;vSaom EdkifiHta&;rsm;udk vdkufrrDEdkif/ pdwfvnf; r0ifpm;vS/ uREkfyfodonfrSm rdrd\txuf tqifhqifhaom wyfrif;AdkvfcsKyfrsm;\ trdefYudk waoGrwdrf;emcHjcif;ESihf rdrdatmuftqifhqifhaom aoG;aomuftMuyf&Jrufrsm;udk wduspGm tkyfcsKyfjcif;yif jzpfonf/

,cktcg aoG;aomufBuD;&Jrif;xifvnf;&Jrufb0udkpGefYum bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;wpfausmif;ü uyÜd,0ifvkyfaeNyDjzpfonf/ uREkfyfrSm tr&yl&a&Teef;awmfBuD;wpfckvHk;ü pum;ajymqdkESD;aESmwkdifyifbufqdkí udk&if i&pfwpfa,mufom &Sdavonf/ odkYaomf oluvnf; olYwm0efESihfol/

udk&ifi&pfonf vltrsm;pkESihf tusdK;ay;olyif jzpfavonf/ nDvmcHobifü iomNcHKudkxaxmif;NyD; tdrfa&SUpHtm; wpfcGef;wifwpfcGef;us


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õë íëíëíëíëí


&J0HhpGm pum;qdkcJhNyD; aemufydkif;wGif olYtrnf owif;rSm eef;awmfwyfrwdkif;wGif arT;ysHUvmcJhonf/ olonfvnf; tdrfa&SUpHudk,fawmf\ tdrfawmf0if;rª;tjzpft&mwdk;jr§ihfvmcJhNyDjzpfonf/ ]tdrfa&SUeef;awmfrSmbDvl;apmifhaew,f}[k eef;wGif;om;rsm;u wifpm;qdkMuonftxd olYt&Sdeft0g BuD;rm;vmonf/

olESihfuREkfyf OykofwpfywfwGif wpf&ufomawGUqHkMu&onf/

awGUqHkMuonfhae&mrSmvnf; tdrfa&SUpHudk,fawmfBuD;\ pHtdrfawmf0if;twGif;&Sd olYtwGuf oD;oefYay;xm;aom taqmifwGifjzpfonf/ olYtaqmifum; eef;awmf\tjcm;wyfrª;i,frsm;\ taqmifvkdao&nfwaumif;rsm;? ydk;y0g cgomtkyfrsm;? a&Ta&;cstaqmifta,mifrsm;r&Sd/ wpfcef;vHk; vufeufaygif;pHkjzifh jynfhESufaeonf/ odkYaomf vufeufrsm;udkcsdwfqGJxm;odkyHkrSm oyf&yf &Sif;vif;onfESifhtrQodkufNrdKufcrf;em;vSonf/ udk&ifi&pfonf vufeufrsdK;pHkudk tudkiftwG,f typftcwf txdk;tckwf uRrf;usif½HkrQru vufeufrsm;tay: w½dkwaoxdef;odrf;


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ë ìëìëìëìëì


apmifha&Smufolvnf; jzpfayonf/xdkYxufrl uREkfyftHhMo&onfh jrifuGif;um;

wu,fhppfa&; cef;raqmifBuD;twGif;rSmom awGUEdkifaom ppfajrjyifppfaMumif;jhy ajryHkum;csyfrsm;udkpHkvifpGmcsdwfqGJxm;jcif;yif jzpfonf/ rPdyl& tmoH?ucsma'o ppfajrjyifjyajryHkrsm;? tr&yl& a&TNrdKUawmf\ tao;pdwfajryHk? EdkifiHawmfajryHkponfhom;a&um;csyfrsm;onf eH&Hxufü tpDtpOfwus&SdaeMuonf/ xdkYjyif xl;jcm;aom ½kyfyHkum;csyfrsm;udkawGU&ao;onfrSm AsL[puúdysdKUwGif uREkfyfpmtm;jzifhzwf½IcJhaom ppfcsD? ppfcH? ppfwuf? ppfjyef? ppfEdk;?ppfvSefYjcif;? aoe*Frsm;udk wpfckpDwpfckpD o½kyfazmf½kyfyHkrsm;jzifh a&;qGJxm;jcif;yifjzpfavonf/

]][m... udk&ifhtaqmifu wu,fhwyfrif;AdkvfcsKyfBuD;&JU ppfa&;aqmifBuD;vdkygyJvm;}} [kuREkfyfu wtHhwMo a&&Gwfaomtcg olu...

]]ppfonfwpfa,muftzkdY qifpD;? jrif;pD;?"m;ckwf vSHxdk; aoe*FrSm uRrf;usif½HkeJYwif rjynfhpHkao;bl; udk&if? ajryHkum;csyfay:rSm aoe*FAsL[mudk


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õë ëëëëëëëëë


pDpOfa&;qGJNyD;awmhvJ ppfwdkufEdkif&r,f}}[k &ihfusufaom £ajEjzifh jyefajzwwfonf/

xdkYaemuf pm;yGJ&Snfay:wGif ppfwk&if ½kyfav;rsm;udk wyfrcif;jzefYovdkcsí ppfxdk;? ppfcsDyHkrsm;udkEIwfu ajymvkduf? t½kyfrsm;udk a&TUvdkufjzifh pdwf0ifwpm; vkyfjyonf/

]][m udk&ifh[mu wyfrif;AdkvfcsKyfBuD;awG&JUt&myJ}}uREkfyf\ tHhMorIum; rukefqHk;Edkif/

]][kwfw,fav? ppfjyKMuw,fqdk&mrSmqifjrif; "m;vSHaoewfpGrf;&nf? ajymifajrmufwJhppfonfawmfawG&JU wpfOD;csif; vuf½Hk;&nfvdktyfovdk? trdefYemcHjcif;? ,HkMunfrI&Sdjcif;qdkwJh ESvHk;&nfvdktyfovdk tck usKyfajymwJh ppftpDtrH tcif;tusif;[mvJ t"duvdktyfwmyJ...}}

ppfESihfywfoufaom olYcH,lcsufrSm jrifhrm;vSaMumif; uREkfyfawGUvm&onf/ udk&ifi&pfum;wu,fh ppfom;BuD;ayyif/

]]udk&ifiopfuawmh usKyfudktwGif;od


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ë êëêëêëêëê


tpif;odrdkY ajym&tHk;r,f? ppfeJYywfouf,if usKyfuawmh usKyfudk,fusKyf acgif;aqmifae&muyJ xm;NyD;pOfpm;w,f? &efolYtiftm;? ppfajrjyif taetxm;?c&D;vrf;tajctae? NyD;awmh ppfrsufESm? 'gawGudkNcHKiHkoHk;oyfNyD; b,fvdk aoe*Fcs&rvJ? 'gudkusKyfut"du pdwf0ifpm;w,f? aoe*FtpDtrHaumif;,ifaumif;oavmuf atmifyGJ[m aocsmw,f}}

xl;jcm;aom ppfonfwpfa,mufjzpfaMumif;odvm&jyefonf/

]]tck usKyfwdkYrSm rPdyl& apmfbGm;ta&;uavmavmq,f ylaEG;aew,fr[kwfvm;? rPdyl&?tmoHe,fjcm;a'oawG&JU ajryHktao;pdwfudk usKyftck um;csyfrMunfh&bJ tvGwf&aeNyD? awmawmifacsmif;ajrmif;a&wHcGefawG b,fem;rSm b,favmuf&Sdw,fqdkwmutp usKyfacgif;xJrSm xnfhxm;w,f}}

olajymaeyHkrSm *kPf,l0ifh<um;[efrsdK; vHk;0r&Sd/ uREkfyfudk&nfñTef;ajymaeyHkrsdK;vnf;r[kwf/ olYbmomol wpfudk,fwnf; pdwftm;xufoefpGma&&GwfaeyHkrsdK; jzpfonf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õë éëéëéëéëé


]]usKyfwdk Y tr&yl&ppfonfawmfawG?tif;... usKyfwdkY Armjynfom;awGrSm udk,fydkifwpfOD;pD&JU vuf½Hk;&nf ESvHk;&nfeJY ywfoufvdkYuawmhajymp&mr&Sdaybl;? xdkufonfhtm;avsmfpGm aoG;aumif;MuwJholawGcsnf;yJ? odkYaomf aoe*FtpDtrHudkppfynm&JU eufeJwJhtESpfom&wpf&yftaeeJY avhvmvdkufpm;oluawmh tifrwef&Sm;w,f xifwmyJ? usKyfu 'Dynm&yfudk txl;0goemygwm? 0goemygonfESifhtrQ tywfwukwfvJ vufvSrf;rDoavmufavhvmvdkufpm;cJhw,f? tif;... 'Dynm&yfuvJvdkufpm;avav us,fjyefYeuf½dIif;avavygyJ}}

olYtoGifrSm wyfrª;tqifh&Sd udk,f&Hawmf Adkvfwpfa,mufESihfrwlbJ wu,fhwyfrif;AdkvfcsKyfBuD;wpfa,mufvdk &ifhusufwnfNidrfaeonf/ tenf;i,fapmif;apGoa,mif&Sdaom rsufvHk;tpHkwdkYrSm pl;&Sawmufyaom rsuf0ef;rsm;jzifh wpfrsdK;Munhfíaumif;aeoa,mifyif/

olu vSHvsifwpfacsmif;udk eH&HrSjzKwf,lumajryHkom;a&csyfwpfcktay:odkY vSHoGm;jzihf axmuf


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ë èëèëèëèëè


vdkufonf/ vSHoGm;usa&mufonfhae&mrSm ]tr&yl&}/vSHoGm;onf wdusaooyfpGm wa&GUa&GU vIyf&Sm;vmonf/ olYEIwfrS &Sif;vif;jywfom;aom pum;oHrsm;vnf; vSHoGm;a&GUvsm;onfhtwdkif; xGufay:vmonf/

]]'g usKyfwdkY&JUaejynfawmf}}ajryHk\0JbufodkY vHSoGm;a&GUonf/]]'DrSm {&m0wD? taemufbuft&yfudk jzwf?

csif;wGif;jrpfudk jzwf? a[m'g csif;awmifwef;BuD;awG}}pdwf0ifpm;rIrsm;jzifh uREfkyf NidrfoufoGm;avonf/

]]teDpufjc,fxm;wJh ae&mawGudkyJ Munfh?'gppfwaumif;? a[m'gu wrl;yJ? 'Dt0ef;u rPdyl&?ajrmufbuf... tJ... taemufajrmufbufu[mu tmoH? e,fpyfcsif;xdpyfaeMuwJh a'oawG? awmawmif? tif;tdkif? acsmif;ajrmif;xlxyfNyD; tifrwefawmeufwJhae&mawG}}

vSHoGm;udk ajryHkcsyfay:rS jyef½kyfvdkufNyD;aemufxyfajryHkvdyfwpfckudk BudK;pjznfcsvdkufonf/

]]'DajryHku rPdyl&a'oudkyJ tqcsJUyGm;jy


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õë çëçëçëçëç


xm;wJh ajryHk}}ajryHkcsyfay:wGif tpdrf;a&mifrsOfaMumif;

rsm;udk awGU&avonf/]]udk&if tckawGUae&wJh tpdrf;a&mifrsOf;

aMumif;awGu ppfcsDvrf;aMumif;awGyJ? wu,fvdkYrPdyl&udk ppfcsD&NyDqdk,if tcsdeftwdkqHk;? c&Dvrf;toifhqHk;eJY ppfcsDppfxdk;vrf;aMumif; tajyqHk;vrf;awGudk usKyfa&G;cs,fowfrSwfxm;wm? 'gudk udk&ifwdkYwyfrif;BuD; pdwf0ifpm;vdrfhr,fxifw,f}}

olYpum;\ qdkvdk&if;teufudk uREkfyfoabmraygufao;/ olu uREkfyfxHodkY zswfueJvSrf;MunfhvdkufNyD;...

]]apmfbGm;rm*spfqif;eJYywfoufNyD; ta&;awmfwpfck ay:vdrfhr,fvdkY usKyfwGufxm;w,f? rm*spfqif;[m olYtpfudk a*smf*spfqif;&JU erlemtwdkif;vdkufvdrfhr,fvdkY usKyfxifw,f? a&Teef;awmfeJY a0;uGmvGef;wJh e,fpyfa'ovufatmufcH jzpfaeavawmholwdkYrSm ykefpm;zDqefzdkY tcGifhta&;awG&aew,f?MuHpnfEdkifzdkY tajctaeay;aew,f}}


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ê ðêðêðêðêð


olonf omrmefwyfrª;wpfa,mufr[kwf[laom todu uREkfyf\&ifxJrSm ydkíckdifvHkoGm;onf/olum; EdkifiHawmf ta&;t&mESihf ppfa&;ppf&mudkwGJzufoHk;oyfEdkifol jzpfaeavonf/

]]aemufNyD;awmh...}}olYtoH tenf;i,fwdk;oGm;onf/ odkYaomf

rsufvHk;rsm;u ydkíawmufyvmMuonf/ wpfckckudkrkef;wD;&GH&Smonfh toGifrsdK;jzihf rsufvHk;rsm; rodromusOf;oGm;Muonf/

]]usKyfawG;xm;wm rvGefbl;xifwmyJ? 'DrPdyl&apmfbGm;awG&JU aemufuG,frSm NAdwdoQawG[mvufonf;0Sufxm;wJh aMumifwpfaumifvkd ykef;atmif;aew,f? usKyfwdkY&JU wu,fh&efol[m rPdyl&apmfbGm;awG r[kwfbl;? aemufuG,fu NAdwdoQawG}}

rsufESmjzLwdk Yta&;onf &ifrat;p&mjzpfaMumif; uREkfyfodxm;aomfvnf; ]wu,fh&efol}[k olajymoavmuftxd uREkfyf jrif rxm;aomaMumifh tHhtm;oifhrdavonf/ olu wuf<upGmqufajymonf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õê ïêïêïêïêï


]]vlpGrf;vlpeJY ppft&nftaoG;udkawmholwdkYudk usKyfwdkYu rIavmufp&mr&Sdygbl;? odkYaomfppfeJYywfoufNyD; &efoltaMumif;udk awG;q&mrSmrkef;wD;rI? txifao;rIpwJh twåaemrwdawGudktwwfEdkifqHk; csKyfwnf;rsdKodyfxm;&r,f? yuwdtjzpfobm0udk jrifwwfatmifMunfhwwfzdkY vdkw,f?udk&ifodrSmyg? NAdwdoQawG&JU a&aMumif; ppftiftm;[m awmifhwif;cdkifrmw,f? NyD;awmh olwdkY&JUtajrmufpdefajymif;awG[m tjcm;EdkifiH&JU ppfwyfawGxuf ydkaumif;w,f? 'Dtcsufudk usKyfwdkY rayghravsmh qifjcif;ESvHk;oGif;tyfw,f}}

oludk Munhfae,if;rSmyif olonf &Sd&if;pGJxuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm BuD;rm;xGm;usdKif;vmonf[kuREkfyfxifrdawmhonf/ xdkcPrSmyif olonf uREkfyfESihf t&mtqifhcsif; wlnDaomfvnf; uREkfyfxuftqaygif;rsm;pGm omvGefaom yk*¾dKvfwpfa,mufjzpfaMumif; em;vnfrdavonf/ aoe*FESihf ywfoufí olYtawG;t,lrsm; us,fjyefYeuf½dIif;yHkudkvnf;


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ê îêîêîêîêî


uREkfyf ajymrjywwfatmif av;pm;rdawmhonf/olum; wu,f jynfh0xufjrufaom ppfonfawmfaumif;BuD;jzpf&ef vlYavmuodkY a&muf&Sdvmoljzpfonf[kvnf; uREkfyfwxpfcs ,HkMunfrdawmhonf/

wyfrª;tqifhcsif; twlwljzpfapumrl olonf uREkfyfxufvnf;aumif;? a&Teef;awmf wyfrrsm;&Sd tjcm;wyfrª;rsm;tm;vHk;wdkYxufvnf;aumif;?t&nftaoG; ydkrdkjynhf0pHkvifaomol jzpfonf[kuREkfyf t<uif;rJh0efcHrdavonf/

À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õê íêíêíêíêí


2olYpum;rSefcJhayNyD/bdk;awmfbk&m; uHawmfukefonf/ tdrfa&SUpH

ppfudkif;rif;onf bBuD;awmfbk&m;tjzpf tr&yl&xD;eef;ykv �ifxufodk Y pd k;pHtkyfcsKyfNyDjzpfonf/a&Teef;awmfwGif jynhf&Sifbk&iftopf ajymif;vJovdkyif EdkifiHawmf\ta&;t&mrsm;vnf; ajymif;vJvmcJhayNyD/

bBuD;awmfbk&m;\ bdodufoGef;yGJwGif vufatmufcH ya'o&mZfrif;i,frsm;pHknD wufa&mufopömawmfcHMuonf/ odkYaomf ysufuGufol wpfa,muf&Sdonf/

rif;w&m;\ bdaouobifodkY rvma&muf[lonfh t"dyÜm,frSm? rif;w&m;\ tmPmawmfudk


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ê ìêìêìêìêì


rodusdK;uRefjyKjcif;? raxrJhjrifjyKjcif;? todtrSwfrjyKjcif;? wenf;qdkaomf ykefpm; zDqefjcif;yifjzpfonf/

xdkolum; tjcm;r[kwf/ rPdyl&apmfbGm;rm*spfqif;aywnf;/

rzG,fr&maom trIyif/rm*spfqif;onf ewf&GmpHbdk;awmfbk&m;\

aus;Zl;aMumihf apmfbGm;t½dkuft&mudk &cJhol/ olYtpfudk a*smf*spfqif;ESifh roifhrwifhjzpfMupOfubdk;awmfbk&m;xHodkY olcdk0ifum toem;cHtultnDawmif;cJhonf/ aemufqHk;wyfrif;BuD; aersdK;rif;vSr[maemf&xmudk tBuD;tcsKyfcefYí jrif;wpfaxmifhig;&m? ol&JESpfaomif;? wyfrESpfq,fwdkYjzifh rPdyl&odkY csDwufodrf;,lum rm*spfqif;udk rPdyl&xD;eef;jyef&atmif vkyfay;cJhonf/ olYtpfudk a*smf*spfqif;uumvuwåm;odkY xGufajy;oGm;onf/ ,ck ajr;awmfppfudkif;rif; ]bBuD;awmfbk&m;} jzpfvmonfh bdaouobifodkY olrvm? opömawmfrcH/

bBuD;awmfbk&m;onf aejynfawmfudk


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õê ëêëêëêëêë


tr&ylrS tif;0odkY jyefvnfa&TUajymif;um eef;NrdKUwnfí pHcJhonf/ eef;NrdKUtopf wnfaqmufa&;jzifhrtm;rvyf &SdMuonfhtwGuf tif;0bdaouobifodkY rm*spfqif; rvma&mufonfudk apmapmydkif;urnfodkYrQ ta&;t&m rxm;cJhMu/ odkYaomf rPdyl&apmfbGm;onf rif;w&m;\ opömawmfudk zDqefNyD[kwdwdvif;vif; jyvmawmhonf/

vufaqmifyPÖm tcGefb@m rqufoGif;awmh/

uREkfyf\udk&ifi&pf BudKwifa[mudef;xkwfcJhonfrSm rSefcJhNyD/ wyfawmfrsm; tm;vHk;qDodkYtrdefYawmf wpfcsdefwnf;a&mufvmonf/ rPdyl&odkYppfcsD&eftrdefY/

uREkfyf&ifxJrSm 0rf;ajrmufjcif;rsm;jzifhwuf<u vIyfckefaeonf/

taMumif;rl þppfyGJü uREkfyfESifh uREkfyf\udk&ifi&pf ESpfOD;pvHk; ]wrl;ppfaMumif;}rSm twlyg0ifcGifh&cJhjcif;aMumifhaywnf;/

À À À


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ê êêêêêêêêê


3uREkfyf\wpfoufwmwGif xl;xl;jcm;jcm;

0rf;ajrmufjcif;BuD;pGm jzpf&aomaeY wpfaeY&SdcJhonfqdkygvQif xdkaeYum; tjcm;aeYrjzpfEdkif/

rPdyl&odkY wyfawmfrsm;rcsDrD? oHk;&uftvdkus a&mufaomaeYom jzpfcsdrfhrnf/

bBuD;awmf ppfudkif;rif;onf ppfcsDrnfhwyfawmfrsm;rS ppfonfawmfrsm;udk BuD;pGmaomtaqmifta,mifjzifh t½dkuft&mrsm; csD;jr§ifhtyfESif;vdkufonf/ bdk;awmfbk&m;vufxufwGif tcguwnf;u trIawmfudk rjywfrvyf xrf;&GufcJhonfh tMuyf?


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õê éêéêéêéêé


aoG;aomuf? wyfrª;? Adkvfrª;rsm;? tm;vHk;vkyf&nfudkif&nfESifh vlpGrf;vlptay:wnfí jrifhrm;aomtqifhrsm;udk &&SdcJhMuonf/ þppfonfawmfrsm;teufwGif uREkfyfiopfonfvnf; ]aersdK;&Jacgifausmf}[laom bGJUtrnfjzifh ]oajyig;&Gmpm;} jzpfvmavonf/ uREkfyfonf wyfrª;r[kwfawmh/ wyfrª;ig;a,muftay: tkyfcsKyf&aom ]ig;&mAdkvf} jzpfcJhayNyD/ uREkfyfvufatmufwGif wyfrª;ig;a,muf?aoG;aomufq,fa,muf? tMuyfig;q,f &Sdvmonf/

nDvmcHeef;raqmifwGif wpfa,mufpD\wdk;jr§ifhaom t&mtqifhESihf bGJUtrnfudk oHawmfqifhuzwfMum;wdkif; zwfMum;wdkif; aumif;csD;ay;oHrsm;wtHk;tHk;xGufay:vmonf/

]]wyfrª;iopftm; aersdK;&Jacgifausmf bGJUrnfjzifh ig;&mAdkvftqifh jr§ifhawmfrlonf/ oajyig;&GmudkvJ pm;ap...}}

teD;&Sdwyfrª;rsm;u uREkfyf\vufudk zspfn§pfqkyfudkifum *kPfjyKpum; qdkMuonf/ uREkfyf&ifxJwGif 0rf;ajrmufjcif; yDwdrsm;jzihf jynfhvQHoGm;onf/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ê èêèêèêèêè


odkYaomf...rdrd\ 0rf;omrIudk rdrdjyefvnfcHpm;aezdkY

owdr&Edkifao;/Ad kvftqif hrsm;ud k aMujimoGm;onf/

wpfa,mufNyD; wpfa,muf/]]wyfrª;ijynfhtm; a&Tawmiftmum}}]]wyfrª;ioefpGrf;tm; bk&ifpuú}}]]wyfrª;iMueftm; aZ,saemf&xm}}]]................................}}Adkvftqifhrsm; NyD;qHk;oGm;onf/ uREkfyf&ifxJ

vIdif;xvmonf/ 0rf;ajrmufyDwdrsm;jzifh jynhfvQHaecJhaom &ifrSm csufcsif;[moGm;onf/

olrygvm/ uREkfyf\ udk&ifi&pf rygvm/olYtrnfrMum;&/

bkef;awmf BuD;jrwfaom rif;w&m;\ trdefYawmft& qufvufí wyfaygif;Adkvft&mtqifhcsD;jr§ifh oem;awmfrlonfh trdefYawmfobifonfwdwfqdwfoGm;jyefonf/

uEéDNrdKU0ef aersdK;&Jacgifausmfxif? pav


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õê çêçêçêçêç


NrdKUpm;aersdK;rif;vSausmfol? rwå&mNrdKUpm; rif;vSa&Tawmifausmf? 'vNrdKU0ef aersdK;rif;acgif.../

trnfwpfckNyD;wpfckom zwfMum;aMujimoGm;onf/ olYrnfudk rMum;&ao;/ uREkfyfrSm rdrdoajyig;&Gmpm;jzpf&jcif;? aersdK;&Jacgifausmf bGJUtrnfcH,l&jcif;wdkYtwGuf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;udk vHk;0rcHpm;&awmh/ apmapmu &&SdaomyDwdrsm; aysmufqHk;oGm;onf/

xdkpOfrSmyif...]]bkef;awmfBuD;bk&m; tdrfa&SUeef;pHpOfumv

rSonf udk,f&Hawmftjzpf trIawmfudk &Gyf&GyfcRHcRHxrf;&GufcJhaom wyfrª;i&pftm;...}}

oHawmfqifhu acwå&yfí touf½Iaeonf/ uREkfyfudk,fwGif;üum; vSnfhywfaeaom aoG;rsm;u w'dkif;'dkif;wdk;aqmifhaeMuayNyD/

]]i&pf bmjzpfovJ? i&pfudk bmay;rvJ}} [ktoHukefatmfar;vdkufcsifonfh qEudk renf;csdK;ESdrfxm;&onf/

]]rif;BuD;r[mAEKvbGJUrnfjzifh tvHkNrdKUudk


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ é ðéðéðéðéð


pm;ap..}}uREkfyf\ ESvHk;tdrfeH&HodkY ½kdufcwfoGm;onf/

[pfatmfa<u;aMumfvdkufaomtoHu txktxnfBuD;rm;vGef;aomaMumifh EIwfrSrxGuf/ vnfrSmwpfqdkYaeonf/ odkYaomf aumif;csD;ay;oHrsm;tm;vHk;xufuREkfyf&ifxJrSm &SdaomtoHuydkí us,favmifjrnf[nf;vdrfhrnf xifonf/

]]r[mAEKv? ol[m r[mAEKv... r[mAE¨Kv...}}

À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õé ïéïéïéïéï


4&r®m0wDNrdKUpm; owdk;rif;&JausmfpGm AdkvfcsKyf

tjzpf OD;pD;aom wyfrsm;u ]rvdefacG;yl ppfaMumif;}/0efodkNrdKUpm; owdk;rif;&JoD[ol AdkvfcsKyf

tjzpf OD;pD;aom wyfrsm;u ]ql;yHkppfaMumif;}/rif;w&m;\ nDawmf 'Gm&m0wDrif;om;

owdk;rif;&Jausmfxif AdkvfcsKyftjzpf OD;pD;aomwyfrsm;u ]wrl;ppfaMumif;}/

uREkfyfwdkY rPdyl&odkY ppfcsDcJhonf/ uREkfyf\r[mAEKvonf wrl;ppfaMumif;wGif AdkvfcsKyfNyD;vQif


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ é îéîéîéîéî


'kwd,tBuD;tcsKyfjzpfaom ]vuf0JppfuJBuD;}tjzpftkyfcsKyfvdkufygvmonf/ uREkfyf\wyfum; tjcm;wyfESpfq,fh oHk;xyfESihftwl olYvufatmufrS yg0ifvdkufygvmcJhonf/ olonf uREkfyfxuf t&mBuD;jrifhol jzpfoGm;ayNyD/ þodkY xdkufwefavsmufywfpGm olppfuJBuD; jzpfoGm;onfhtwGuf uREkfyfyGm;rsm;cHpm;&aom rk'dwm pdwftvsOfum; csdKNrdefvSybdjcif;/

a&mif;&if;aoG;aomufcsif jzpfvifhupm;uREkfyfxuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm t&nftaoG;jynfh0uHkvHkayaom olYvufatmufü uREkfyf ig;&mAdkvfjzpfvm&jcif;udk uREkfyfBuD;pGm auseyfrdawmhonf/

tif;0aejynfawmfrS xGufcJhNyD; ajcmuf&ufajrmufaomaeYwGif olonfwyfOD;rS jyefvSnfhvmumuREkfyfwdkY\ wyfrsm;udk vma&mufppfaq;avonf/

tjcm;Adkvf ESpfq,fhoHk;a,mufESihf twluREkfyfvnf; ]rif;BuD;r[mAEKv}tm; wyftajctaeudk tpD&ifcH&ef toifhjyifxm;&onf/

aeYv,favmufrS ola&mufvmrnf[k uREkfyfwdkY xifxm;aomfvnf; olonf aet½kPfwufprSm


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õé íéíéíéíéí


]rif;BuD; r[mAE¨Kva&mufvmNyD}[kaemufuif;wm0efus &JrufrSwpfqifh wyfrª;wpfa,mufu vmajymonf/ armufvludkaqmif;íaqmif"m;udkvG,fum uREkfyfwyfa&SUodkY xGufvmcJhonf/ tjcm;Adkvfrsm;vnf; a&mufvmMu\/ rarQmfvifhaomtcsdefwGif a&mufvmonfhtwGuf uREkfyfwdkYtm;vHk; tHhtm;oifhaeMuonf/ odkYaomf uREkfyfuusefAdkvfrsm;xuf 0rf;omjcif;wpfck ydkvdrfhrnf xifonf/ ol ]r[mAE¨Kv} jzpfuwnf;u uREkfyfwdkYrqHkjzpfMuao;/

wifhw,fcefYnm;aom olYtoGifudk jrif&ayNyD/

jrif;ay:rS olqifhvdkufonf/ r,HkEdkifp&maumif;avmufatmif olBuHhcdkifxGm;usdKif;vmonf[kuREkfyfxifrdonf/ uREkfyfwdkYa&SUodkY olavQmufvmonf/wpfbuftpGefrS Adkvfrsm;udk olppfaq;onf/ wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,muf/ xdkYaemufuREkfyfESifh oHk;a,mufjcm;odkY ola&mufvmonf/ olYudk uREkfyfiJhapmif;Munfhvdkufonf/ uREkfyf&Sdaernfudk olodNyD;jzpfonf/ uREkfyf


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ é ìéìéìéìéì


udkawGUNyD; olwpfckck aemufajymifusDp,fvmvQifr,kwfrvGefjzpf&atmif jyefí usDp,f&rnfhpum;udkpOf;pm;aevdkufonf/

ol uREkfyfa&SUodkY a&mufvmonf/olYudk uREkfyf pdkufMunfhvkdufonf/ uREkfyf

rsufvHk;rsm; NyHK;&dyforf;aeonfrSm aocsmonf/ oluvnf; uREkfyfudk pl;pl;&J&J Munfhonf/ olYrsufESmxm;yuwdwnfNidrfrmausmpGm/

]]AdkvfaersdK;&Jacgifausmf}}]][kwfygw,f... rif;BuD;}}tajzpum;wGif NyHK;&,f[ef taiGUt&dyf

rygatmif BudK;pm;&onf/]]wyfrª;? aoG;aomuf? tMuyf? &Jruf tzsm;

tem taotaysmuf&Sdovm;}}]]r&Sdygbl;... ppfuJBuD;}}]]ppfcsDvrf;aMumif;rSm a&SUwyf? aemufxyf

tquftoG,f rjywf&Sdovm;}}]]tqufoG,f rjywf&Sdygw,f... rif;BuD;}}]]ppfcsD vrf;aMumif;udk em;rvnfwm&Sdao;


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õé ëéëéëéëéë


vm;...}}]]r&Sdygbl;... rif;BuD;}}]]&du©m rQw&JUvm;}}]]rQwygw,f... rif;BuD;}}]]qif? jrif;? "m;? vSH? aoewf tysuftpD;

tcRwft,Gif;}}]]r&Sdyg... rif;BuD;}}]]a&S Uqufr,fh ppfcs Dvrf;aMumif;rSm

Adkvf&efEdkifol&ausmfxifudk a&SUwyf? Adkvfrif;vSrif;i,fausmfxifudk aemufwyfxm;NyD; csD&r,f?wyfOD;wyfqG,f wyfNrD;rjywfrvyf qufoG,f&r,f?&du©mwpfqNcdK;NcH&r,f? awmeufxJrSm om;aumifawGU,if rypfcwf&bl;? 'Dua&SUudk qifoH? jrif;oH?vloH? txl;vHkap&r,f em;vnfvm;...}}

]]em;vnfygw,f.. rif;BuD;}}]]ar;p&m&Sdovm;}}]]r... r&Sdygbl; rif;BuD;}}uREkfyfa&SUrScGmum aemufAdkvfwpfa,muf

qDodkY avQmufoGm;onf/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ é êéêéêéêéê


0rf;enf;tm;i,fpdwfrsm; zdpD;vmonf/ oluREkfyfudk rSwfrdEdkifp&mr&Sd/ uREkfyfonf ol\a&mif;&if;iopfjzpfaMumif;.../

odkYaomf olwpfcsufuav;aomfrS NyHK;&,f[efrjy/ ]iopf}[k olrac:/ ]AdkvfaersdK;&Jacgifausmf}[k ac:Ny D; jywfom;wdusaomar;cGe f;E Si h ftrdefYrsm;om qdkoGm;onf/ olYtay: b,fvdkrS pdwfruGufrdaomfvnf; pdwfraumif;jcif;BuD;pGm jzpf&onfum; trSefyif/

]]aMomf... cifAsm;u tvHkNrdKU0efrif;BuD;r[mAE¨Kv? usKyfu oajyig;&Gmpm; aersdK;&Jacgifausmfr[kwfvm;? udk&if i&pf&,f...}}

usKyf... em;vnfEdkifygw,fAsm/

À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õé ééééééééé


5]]rif;BuD;u? Adkvftm;vHk; olYeJYtwl eHeufpm

pm;zdkY zdwfac:w,f}}[k wyfrª;wpfa,muf vmajymaomaMumifh uREkfyfvmomvmcJh&onf/ olESifhxyfí rsufESmcsif;rqdkifcsifawmh/ odkYaomf ppfuJBuD;\trdefYjzpfonf/ uREkfyfysufuGufírjzpf/ eHeufpmtwlpm;&ef qihfac:aomfvnf; ppfa&;aqG;aEG;onfhyGJ jzpfayrnf/

awmifZvyfyGifhrsm; &J&JeDaeaom awmpyfjrufcif;jyifwGif ol&Sdaeonf/ tjcm;Adkvfrsm;vnf;a&mufaeMuNyD/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ é èéèéèéèéè


av;vHaom ajcvSrf;rsm;jzifh uREkfyfjrufcif;xJodkY acgif;idkufpdkufcsvsuf 0ifvmcJhonf/

]]udk&if iopf}}uREkfyfajcaxmufrsm;rSm a&GUvsm;ír&/

ae&mwGif tpGJtNrJ&yfaeonf/olxdkif&mrS xvsuf uREkfyfqDodkY avQmufvm

onf/ uREkfyfa&SUwGif &yfonf/ uREkfyf\vufarmif;udk qkyfudkifí olxdkifae&modkY qGJac:onf/

]]aoG;aomufwdkY rodMuao;bl;? usKyftr&yludk pça&mufvmwJh aqmif;wpfreufrSmaejynfawmfu ppfonftjzpf yxrqHk; pawGU&wJhvl[m a[m'D... AdkvfaersdK;&Jacgifausmfac: udk&ifiopfaygh? NyD;awmh.. iomNcHKudk usKyf xçaxmif;wkef;u usKyfudk udk,fawmfBuD;a&SUta&muf zrf;NyD;ac:oGm;wmvJ olyJ? AdkvfaersdK;&Jacgifausmf[musKyfa&mif;&if;}}

Adkvfrsm;tm;vHk; wtHhwMo jzpfaeMuonf/rif;BuD;ESifh uREkfyf a&mif;&if;jzpfcJhaMumif; uREkfyfuvnf; b,folYudkrQ rajymzl;ojzihf b,folrSrodMu/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õé çéçéçéçéç


]]udkif;... udk&ifiopf? a&mh... cifAsm;uBudKufwwfygw,f}}

0g;qpfAl;wpfck olvSrf;ay;onf/ uREkfyfrSmtHhMojcif;? 0rf;omjcif;? rdrd\odrfi,fpdwftwGuf&Suf&GUHjcif;? olYtay: txifrSm;cJhrdjcif;twGuf ,lusHK;r&jzpfjcif; paom axGjym;onfh xdckdufcHpm;&rIrsm;udk z,f&Sm;&Sif;vif;ypf&ef olurf;aom 0g;qpfAl;udkuref;uwef; vSrf;,lí armhcsvdkuf&avonf/

]]a&mhAsm... trJajcmuf}}pum;wpfvHk;rSrqdkrdbJ olYtrdefYtwdkif;om

vIyf&Sm;aerdonf/]]b,fES,fhvJudk&if... pum;vJ rajymrqdk

ygvm;}}uREkfyfbmajym&rSef;rod/ olYudkawmif;yef

&rnf[laom owd0ifvmNyD; ajym&ef EIwfjyifvdkufcsdefrSmyif...

]]usKyfodygw,f? udk&if bmrSrajymeJYawmh?½kwfw&ufawmh udk&ifpdwfxdcdkufrSmyJ? odkYaomf...apmapmu wyfAdkvfawGudk ppfaq;pOfrSm udk&ifhudk


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ è ðèðèðèðèð


usKyf udk&ifiopf&,fvdkYudk rjrifbl;? AdkvfaersdK;&JacgifausmfyJ? ig;&mAdkvfwpfOD;yJ? usKyfudk,fwdkifvJvuf0JppfuJBuD;yJ? ppfumvtwGif;rSm i&pfr&Sdbl;/iopfr&Sdbl;? trIawmfxrf;csdeftwGif;rSm a&mif;&if;r&Sdbl;? trdefY? wm0ef? owdw&m; 'gyJ&Sdw,f/ ppfonfawmfqdkwm[m ppfa&;eJYywfoufaewJh w'*Fwdkif;rSm rdrd&JU0dnmOfa&m? ESvHk;om;udkyg ppf&JUcE¨mxJudk t<uif;rJh jr§KyfESHxm;&r,f? ppfuJu ppfuJ tvkyfudkvkyf? Adkvfu Adkvftvkyfudkvkyf? wyfrª;? aoG;aomuf?tMuyf? &JrufawGvJ 'Dtwdkif;yJ? ppfwm0efqdkwJh toduaeNyD; qHjcnfwpfrQif? a&G;wpfaph rvGJacsmfap&bl;?wdusjywfom;rI &Sd&r,f? {aum raem wpfckwnf;aompdwfom xm;&r,f? 'g[m ol&Jaumif;&JU orm"dw&m;vdkYvJ qdkEdkifw,f}}

MuufoD;arG;nif; jzef;jzef;xoGm;onf/uREkfyftay: xGif;azmufodjrifwwfaom olYpdwfudkvnf; oabmaygufoGm;onf/ uREkfyfbmrS ajymp&mrvdkawmh/

]]uJ... usKyfudk udk&ifi&pfvdkY t&ifuvdk


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õè ïèïèïèïèï


ac:NyD; pum;av;bmav; ajymprf;ygtHk;av}}olu &,f&,farmarmjzifh uREkfyf\ ycHk;udk

zufonf/ olYvufarmifatmufwGif uREkfyfao;i,foGm;um ajrxJjrKyf0ifawmhrnfvm;[k xifrdonf/

]udk&ifi&pf}[k uREkfyf\EIwfrSrxGuf&J/olonf uREkfyf\i&pfjzpfaomfvnf; xdktwdkif;ac:a0:oHk;EIef;vQif olYtay: raxrJhjrifjyK&m a&mufonf[k ,HkMunfaerdonf/

pl;&Saom tNyHK;&dyfwpfckudk olrsufvHk;rsm;xJwGif jrifae&onf/

uREkfyf\EIwfrS toHwpfoH xGufusoGm;avonf/

]]rif;BuD; r[mAEKv...}olYrsufESmu tNyHK;aysmufuG,foGm;onf/

yg;vTmaom EIwfcrf;rsm; wif;wif;aphoGm;onf/odkYaomf csufcsif;yif olYrsufESm ajyavsmhoGm;um...

]]usKyfudk i&pfvdkY ac:r,hfol[m rif;w&m;BuD; wpfyg;wnf;yJ usefawmhr,feJY wlyg&JU? Adkvfrif;


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ è îèîèîèîèî


wdkYa&...[m;...[m;...[m;}}olY&,foHudk Mum;vdkuf&awmhrSyif ½IyfaxG;

jynfhusyfaeaom uREkfyf\tpdkiftcJa0'emwdk Yysufaus avsmhyg;oGm;&avonf/

À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õè íèíèíèíèí


6uREkfyfwdkY\ wrl;aMumif;wGif wyfoHk;q,f?

qifckESpfq,f?jrif; wpfaxmifhig;&m? ol&Jwpfaomif;ig;axmiftiftm; yg0ifonf/ c&D;um; xifonfxuf ydkíMurf;wrf;vGef;vSonf/ c&D;um; xifonfxuf ydkíMurf;wrf;vGef;vSonf/ acsmif;pG,f? ajrmif;pG,f? a&wHcGef? ausmufawmif xlxyfvSonfjzpf&mqifwyfrsm;rSm cufcufcJcJcsD&avonf/

wrl;odkY a&mufaomtcg uREkfyfwdkY\ wyfaygif;pktxJrS wyfig;wyf? jrif;ig;&mESihf ol&Jig;axmifudk ql;yHkaMumif;odkY cGJa0csDwufcJh&onf/ odkYjzifhrif;BuD; r[mAE¨KvESifh uREkfyfvnf; wrl;aMumif;rS


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ è ìèìèìèìèì


ql;yHkaMumif;udk ajymif;a&TUcJhavonf/ AdkvfcsKyfBuD;aersdK;rif;vS r[maemf&xmrSm wrl;aMumif;rSmyifae&pfcJhonf/

wrl;ppfaMumif;rS ql;yHkaMumif;odkY uREkfyfwdkYwyf ig;wyfajymif;cJhonfrSmvnf; olYtpDtrHjzpfonf/ ql;yHkaMumif;onf &efolYwyfrsm;ESihf yxrqHk;&ifqdkif&rnfh ppfvrf;aMumif; jzpfEdkifonf[k oluwGufcsufí olYudk ql;yHkaMumif;odkY cGJay;yg&ef AdkvfcsKyfxH oluyif awmif;qdkcJhjcif;jzpfonf/

'Gm&0wDrif;om; owdk;rif;&JausmfxifuolYudk ,HkMunfpdwfcspGm wyfcGJay;vdkufonf/ odkYjzihfyifuREkfyfwdkYwyfig;wyfonf olYOD;pD;rIjzifh ]tdkifrGefacsmif;&Gm}teD;&Sd awmpyfodkY csOf;uyfrdcJhMuonf/

ol\aoe*F uRrf;usifrIonf xif&Sm;ayNyD/tdkifrGefacsmif;&GmawmpyfodkY uREkfyfwdkYa&muf&Sd

wyfpcef;csNyD; wpfnOfhtvGefrSmyif &efolYwyfESifh&ifqdkifawGU&awmhonf/ rPdyl&wyfrsm;\ AdkvfcsKyfum; apmfbGm;rm*spfqif;\ vuf½Hk;trwfppfolBuD;[mapm&Djzpfonf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õè ëèëèëèëèë


rPdyl&wyfrsm;wGif tiftm;taumif;qHk;um; jrif;wyfjzpfonf/

olwdkY ppfjrif;BuD;rsm; oefpGrf;xGm;usKdif;ovkdjrif;pD;ol&Jrsm;vnf; uRrf;usifvSaMumif; awGU&onf/olwdkYonf wpf[kefxdk; ppfcsDí? wpf[kefxdk;ppfwufum? wpf[kefxdk; ppfxdk;onfhaoe*Fudk toHk;jyKMuonf/ ½kwfw&ufrl a'ouRrf;aom &efoljrif;wyfrsm;onf uREkfyfwdkY\ ppfOD;uif;udk z½dkz&JjzpfoGm;aponf/

uREkfyfwdkY\ ppfwyfaoe*FrSm ybuF&AsL[mjzpfonf/

rif;BuD;r[mAEKvu wyf\a&SUwnfhwnfhwGif OD;pD;vdkufygvsuf wyfrsm;u aemufrStxyfxyfvdkufum ppfuyfcJhMuonf/ &efolYjrif;wyf ppftxdk;aumif;vSaomaMumifh uREkfyfwdkY\aerif;o@mefppfuyfaom ybuF&AsL[m yHko@mefonf ysuf,Gif;oGm;onf/

odkYaomf...ppfOD;uif;qDrSaeí &efoljrif;pD;ol&Jrsm;udk


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ è êèêèêèêèê


&ifqdkifwdkuf&if;jzifh wyfrsm;tm;vHk;udk trdefYwpfckNyD; wpfck ay;aeaom ]olY}tpGrf;um; tHhbeef;ygayyif/

]]aZ,sa&Tawmifausmfwyf 0Jbufudkuyf}}]]vif;Zif;Adkvfwyf nmbufudk 0dkufNyD;qkwf}}]]rif;vSa&Tawmifausmfwyf ppfcsDvrf;twdkif;

awmtkyftpGefxd qkwfoGm;}}]]aersdK;&Jacgifausmfwyf tv,fawmifaMum

rSmwyfjzefYNyD;cif;}}&efoludk xdk;&if;ckwf&if; wyfig;wyf tESHY

tjym;olYjrif;udk wpf[kefxdk;pdkif;um trdefYwpfckNyD;wpfckay;oGm;onf/ olYtrdefYtwdkif; uREkfyfwdkYvdkufem½HkuvGJNyD; bmaMumifh wyfawGudk wpfpkwpf½Hk;rxm;bJ cGJjzefYaeaMumif; em;rvnfMu/ ausmufawmifpG,frsm;? jrufcif;rsm;? awmpyfrsm;wGif oltrdefYay;onfhtwdkif; uREkfyfwdkYwyfrsm; csufcsif;ae&m,lvdkufMuonf/

&efolrsm;um; t&yfav;rsufESmodkY uGJjym;oGm;onfh uREkfyfwdkY wyfrsm;udk awGU&aomtcg wyfNydK


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õè éèéèéèéèé


NyDtxifjzifh wuf<uvmMuum eD;&mwyfaemufodkYvdkufwdkufMuavonf/

olurl wyfrsm;tm;vHk; ae&mjzefYNyD;onfESifhausmufawmifpG,f ESpfcktMum;odkY jrif;udkESifum"m;udk tay:odkY ajr§mufí wpfcJeufaom toHBuD;jzifh [pfatmfa<u;aMumfvdkufonf/

olYxHrS xGufay:vmaom toHum;...]]bkZ*}}tv,fawmifaMumwGif wyfjzefYcif;xm;

aom uREkfyfaumif;pGm oabmaygufvdkufNyD/wpfrk[kwfcsif; ppfxdk;tpDtrH ajymif;

vdkufEkdifaom olYaoe*FynmpGrf;um; xufjrufaypG/]bkZ*}\ t"dyÜm,fum; ppfxdk;jcif; t*Fg

ajcmufyg;teuf a>rwGm;oGm;ouJhodkY auGUaumuf azmufxGif;0iftyfaom ppfxdk;jcif;aywnf;/

wpfxyfpDudk olvSnfhvnftrdefYay; ae&mcsay;vdkufaomtcg uREkfyfwdkY\ wyfig;wyfonf bkZ*aoe*Fac: a>rwGm; ppfxdk;yHko@meftwdkif; wnfrdMuNyD/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ è èèèèèèèèè


olu a>re*g;\tarmufae&m ppfOD;uif;rSm/

a>rOD;acgif;jzpfaom wyfOD;rS olvIyf&Sm;onfhtwdkif; a>r\ wGefYvdrfaom udk,fydkif;ae&m&Sd uREkfyfwdkY\ wyfrsm;u vIyf&Sm;ppfxdk;Muonf/ a&SUwuf?aemufqkwf? ab;odkYzJhxGuf? 0JbufodkYauGU? ,mbufodkYaumuf? a>rwpfaumif\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsdK;/

uREkfyfwdkY\wyfrsm; wpfxyfpD wpfae&mpDupOfhuvsm;uGJjym;oGm;MuNyDtxifESihf eD;&mwyfaemufodkY zdvdkufcJhMuaom &efolrsm;rSm olwdkYudk,fwdkifupOfhuvsm; jzpfoGm;&avonf/

uREkfyfwdkYwyfrsm;rSm wpfae&mpD &Sdaeaomfvnf; twGefYtvdrf? t&pftacGrysufaom a>ruJhodkYqufpyfpkpnf;aeMuonfjzpfav&m olwdkYomvQifa>r\ 0ef;0dkuf&pfacGxm;aom udk,fvHk;xJwGif ydwfrdvsufom; jzpfoGm;Muonf/

xGufajy;wdrf;a&SmifEdkifp&m vrf;&SdonfhawmifMum;vrf;rsm;twdkif; olwdkYtjyif;qkwfMuaomfvnf; xdkae&mwGif ]a>rudk,fvHk;}&Sdaeonfom/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õè çèçèçèçèç


&efol rPdyl& jrif;wyfajy;vrf;r&Sdawmh/a>r\OD;acgif;rS ]ol}udk,fwdkifuvnf; tqufrjywfwpfcsufNyD;wpfcsuf aygufaom a>ruJhodkYyif/

bkZ*aoe*FwGif a>rvnfyif;ae&müyg0if&aom uREkfyf\wyfonf olESihfwpfqufwnf;jzpfonfhtwGuf olYudkwpfcsdefvHk; jrifae&onf/aemufqHk;rPdyl&trwfppfolBuD; [mp&D\ udk,fxJodkY olY"m;epfjr§KyfoGm;onftxd/

&efolYwyfOD; NydKavNyD/ t"ducHppfaMumif;ysufavNyD/

eHeufcif;rSpcJhaom wdkufyGJonf rGef;twrf;wGif tNyD;owfoGm;onf/ausmufawmifxlxyfaomppfwvif;0,fppfajrjyif\ obm0tcif;tusif;udkcsufcsif;wGufcsufí bkZ*Faoe*F ppfxdk;tpDtrHjzifhe,fuRrf;aom &efolwdkYtay: atmifyGJcHvdkufEdkifonfh t"dutaMumif;&if;um;...

ol... rif;BuD;r[mAE¨Kvaywnf;/

À À À


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ç ðçðçðçðçð


¬½»ºå øì÷1

rPdyl&ppfyGJwGif olonf olyg0if&aom ppfaMumif;rSmvnf; ppfcsD? ppfwyf? ppfxdk;tpDtrHrsm;jzifh uREfkyfwdkYxufydkí tiftm;BuD;aom e,fajruRrf;aom &efolYwyfrsm;udk wpfyGJNyD;wpfyGJ tEdkif,lcJhonf/xdkrQomru tjcm;wyfrsm;odkYvnf; ppfxdk;tpDtrHudkay;ydkYulnDcJhonf/

apmfbGm;rm*spfqif; udk,fvGwf½kef;í xGufajy;oGm;onf/

ycef;BuD; NrdKU0efrif;BuD; rif;acgifausmfuvnf; vusfmppfuJBuD;tjzpf olESifhtwl ppfyGJtajctaeudk rjywfaxmufvSrf;qufoG,fumrPdyl&udk taemufbufrSvkyfBuHonf/ uREkfyfwdkYwyfrsm;wGif qifwyftustqHk;rsm;vSaomfvnf;BuD;pGmaom atmifyGJudk &Sdvdkufavonf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õç ïçïçïçïçï


rPdyl&NrdKUawmf\ausmufwHk;jzifh NyD;onfhjrifhrm;vSaom NrdKU½dk;wHwdkif;BuD;a&SUwGif uREkfyfwdkY\wyfrrsm;tm;vHk; qHkMuonf/ atmifyGJcHwyfrrsm;ppfaMumif;toD;oD;rS csDwufvkyfBuHNyD; ,ckvdk jyefqHkMu&aomtcg uREfkyfwdkY\ wuf<urIrSm tqHk;tprJhyif jzpfawmhonf/ wyfrrsm; pHknDMuNyD;aemufoufqdkif&m wyfrif;rsm; AdkvfcsKyfppfuJrsm; csufcsif;pHknDaqG;aEG;Muonf/ olYudk uREkfyfat;at;aq;aq;awGUcGifhr&cJh/ odkYaomf a&mufav&m wyfpcef;wdkif;wGif ]rif;BuD;r[mAEKv} [laom trnfudk wvIdifvdIifMum;ae&avonf/ tcsdKUaomAdkvfrsm;u olYtpGrf;udkwtHhwMojzpfaeMuaomfvnf; uREkfyfrlum; wyfrª;i,f b0uwnf;u rPdyl&a'o\ ajryHkudk tvGwf&aecJhaom olYaMumif;odNyD; jzpfojzihf xl;írtHhMordawmhay/ ql;yHk ppfaMumif;\ OD;pD;AdkvfcsKyfjzpfaom owdk;rif;&JoD[olurl...

]]rif;BuD;AEKv[m rPdyl&rSm tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGm ppfvmwdkufzl;cJhwJhtwdkif;yJ? olYaoe*FtpDtrHawG[m tydktvdkr&Sdbl;}}


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ç îçîçîçîçî


[k xkwfazmfcsD;usL;avonf/olwdkY wyfrif;? AdkvfcsKyf? ppfuJrsm;\ aqG;aEG;

rINyD;oGm;NyD;aemuf nnfhv,favmufwGif wyfaygif;Adkvfrsm;udk qifhac:ojzihf uREkfyftdyf&mxJrS xvdkufoGm;&onf/

uREk fyfwdk Ytm;vHk; pHknDa&mufonfESih frif;w&m;BuD;\ nDawmf'Gm&m0wDrif;om; AdkvfcsKyfowdk;rif;&Jausmfxifu trdefYwpfckudk xkwfqihfvdkufonf/

]]rPdyl&rSm igwdkY tapmifhwyfxm;cJhNyD; usefwyfrawGaejynfawmfudk jyefr,f? tapmifhwyfutckncsif; wm0ef,l? usef wyfrawG csufcsif;toifhjyif? eufjzefeHeuf ½kyfodrf;r,f? 'DrSm usefcJh&r,fh wyfawGtwGuf uEéDNrdKU0efu Adkvfrª;? aersdK;aZ,soBuFefeJY &Jxiftaemf&xmausmfacgifu ppfuJ?NrdKUapmifhwyf&JU tBuD;tuJAdkvftjzpf aersdK;&Jacgifausmf ae&pfaer,f}}

trdefYtwkdif; uREkfyfrPdyl&wGif NrdKUapmifhwyftBuD;tuJ Adkvftjzpf ae&pfum wm0ef,l&awmh


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õç íçíçíçíçí


rnf jzpfonf/olESihftwl aejynfawmfjyefwyfwGif rvdkuf

ygEdkifawmh/tm;i,foa,mif jzpfoGm;aomfvnf; olY

rsufuG,fü wm0efBuD;wpfckudk ,l&rnfjzpfojzifh*kPf,lrdavonf/

wyfaygif;Adkvfrsm; pHknDaqG;aEG;yGJtNyD;wGifol uREkfyfxHa&mufvmonf/ olYrsufESmay:wGifawGUjrifaeus wnfNidrfrIrsdK;/

]]NrdKUapmifhwyf Adkvftjzpf udk&ifhudk a&G;vdkufwm usKyfyJ}}

uREkfyfuvnf; þtwdkif;yif awG;rdNyD;jzpfonf/

]]rif;BuD; r[mAE¨Kv&JU a&mif;&if;wpfa,muf[m r[mAE¨Kv&JU tkyfcsKyfuGyfuJrIrygbJ?olYbmomol tpGrf;tp jyKEdkifw,fqdkwmudk xif&Sm;apcsifvdkYyJ}} uREkfyfacgif;ndwfjyvdkufonf/

]]wpfckawmh rSmcJhr,fudk&if? wyfrBuD;awG½kyfodrf;NyD; jyefoGm;aMumif;? 'DrSm NrdKUapmifhwyfxm;cJh


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ç ìçìçìçìçì


aMumif;? &efolodwJhtcgrSm olwdkYvmNyD; wdkufEdkifw,f/'DrSm wyfav;wyfxm;cJhr,f? &efolY tvHk;t&if;[mudk&ifwdkYxuf ydkNyD;tiftm;BuD;rSmyJ? udk&ifwdkY yGJBurf;awGU&vdrfhr,f}}

]]arQmfvifhxm;ygw,f... rif;BuD;}}]rif;BuD;} [laom toHk;aMumifh oluREkfyfudk

&dyfueJ Munfhonf/ odkYaomf olYudk uREkfyf,cifvdk]udk&ifi&pf}[k rac:EdkifawmhaMumif; uREkfyfrsufvHk;rsm;u azmfjyaeMuayrnf/ ,if;udkvnf; ol em;vnfoGm;[efwlonf/ tac:ta0: toHk;tEIef;rsm;udkoluvnf; pdwfr0ifpmawmh[efjzifh qufajymonf/

]]NrdKUapmifhwyfAdkvftjzpf udk&if vlpGrf;vlpjyyg/ rMumcifrSm udk&ifeJYusKyf eD;eD;uyfuyfaecGifh&ygvdrfhr,f}}

ol vSnfhxGufoGm;onftxd uREkfyfae&mwGif&yfaerdonf/ olYxHrS cGeftm;rsm; uREkfyfwGifusef&pfcJhovdk cHpm;&rdonf/

À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õç ëçëçëçëçë


2olajymoGm;onfhtwdkif;yif wyfrBuD;rsm;

½kyfodrf;oGm;NyD;aemuf av;&ufajrmufaomaeYrSmyifrm*spfqif;onf vufatmufcH apmfbGm;trsm;tjym;\ wyfrsm;udk pk½Hk;vmum xdkppfqifcJhonf/

NrdKU½dk;ESihfa0;uGmaomae&mrSaeí olwdkYonftajrmuf? pdefajymif;rsm;jzifh ypfMuavonf/ uREkfyf\ NrdKUapmifhwyftygt0if usef&SdcJhaom tiftm;rSmoHk;axmifom&Sday&m aomif;csDí wufvmaomrPdyl&wyfrsm;udk tjyif;txef ckcHMu&onf/

tajrmufqeftvSrf;tuGmoif hvSaomwyfav;wyf NrdKUtjyifxGufí qkwf&awmhonf/wyfqkwfvrf;aMumif;rSmyif jyif;xefaom wdkufyGJrsm;


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ç êçêçêçêçê


jzpfyGm;av&m Adkvfom&puúESihf Adkvfe&mausmfacgifwdkY usqHk;&onf/

uREkfyf\NrdKUapmifhwyfum; yGJMurf;tawGU&qHk;yif/

&efolwdkYonf olwdkYNrdKUudk olwdkYjyefodrf;jcif;jzpfojzifh wdkufcif;wdkufuGuf? txdk;tazmufuRrf;usifNyD; jzpfaeMuonf/ uREkfyf\ wyfom;trsm;qHk;udk csxm;aomawmifbufNrdKU½dk;rkcfudk olwdkY tvHk;t&if; tBuD;qHk;oHk;í tjyif;txef wdkufMuonf/NrdKU½dk;udk tvHkydwfí BuHUBuHUcH½HkrQty tjcm;enf;vrf;r&Sdawmh/ uREkfyfwdkYxHwGif tajrmufpdefajymif;tcsdKU&Sdaeaomfvnf; NrdKU½dk;tjyif tvSrf;a0;vGef;vSaomausmufawmifrsm;udk tumtuG,f,lxm;onfh&efol&Sd&modkY ypfcwf&efrSm tcsnf;tESD;jzpfaomaMumifh tajrmufwyfom;rsm;udk toHk;rjyKawmh/

cHppf\ t"dutjzpf NrdKU½dk;rkcf0 wHwdkif;udkom tcdkiftrmae&m,lvdkufonf/ rPdyl&wdkYonfrdkufrJvSpGmjzihf NrdKU½dk;udk avScg;axmifwufMuonf/NrdKU½dk;xdyfrS uREkfyf\&Jrufrsm;tzdkYum; olwdkYavSum;


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õç éçéçéçéçé


wpfpif;NyD;wpfpif; uyfvmavav aoG;<uavavyif/

NrdKU½dk;xdyfrS i½kwf&nfrsm;? qDylrsm;jzihfavmif;csum uRHí a&mufvmwwfaom &efoludkvSHvsifjzifh y,f&Sm;ypfwwfMuonfh uREkfyfwdkY\uRrf;usifrIudk olwdkYrodMu/

NrdKUapmifhwyfzG J U&S d&modk Y wpfckNyD;wpfckvSnfhvnf ppfaq;trdefYay;&if;jzifh ]ighae&mwGifr[mAE¨KvqdkvQif b,fodkYpDrHtrdefYay;rnfenf;}[kESvHk;oGif; pOf;pm;cJhaMumif;udkum; 0efcH&ayrnf/

NrdKU½dk;xdyfrS uREkfyf rqif;awmh/ &efolrsm;wpfwyfNyD;wpfwyf csOf;uyfvmonfudk NrdKUapmifhwyftaejzifh tiftm;ESpfxyfjzihf ckcHwGef;vSefypf&efuREkfyfpDpOfvdkufonf/

yxrwpfxyfrSm rD;aygufaoewfudkifwyfjzpfonf/ rPdyl&NrdKUusHK;onf uREkfyfwdkYtif;0tr&yl& NrdKUusHK;rsm;avmuf rus,faomaMumifhusHK;udk olwdkYjzwfuloGm;csdefwGif NrdKU½dk;ay:rSaeíaoewfjzifh ypfcGifhomonf/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ç èçèçèçèçè


odkYaomf uREkfyfwdkY\ aoewfrsm;rSm ,rf;xdk;?,rf;xdef;um ywfxnfh? xdk;wefESihfaqmifhíodyf?em;cGufwGif ,rf;udkyHk? tay:u pdkifay:tkyf? rD;armif;wif? rD;armif;usNyD;rS pdkifaygifvuf0g;u oHjyifESihf½dkufcwfNyD; rD;yGifh? rD;yGifhpGJrS em;cGufu rD;awmufuusnfqefxGuf&aom ausmufrD;aoewfrsm; jzpfonf/ wpfcgwpf&H tcefYroifhonfhtcg rD;ryGifhjcif;?rD;yGifhaomfvnf; em;cGufvrf;udk rD;rpGJbJ vGJacsmfjcif;wdkYaMumifh usnfxGuf&ef cJ,Of;vSay&m wpfcsufESifhwpfcsuftMum; ypfcwf&ef jyifqifaecsdefrSmyif&efolrsm;u usHK;udkjzwful; a&muf&SdvmMuonf/

eD;uyfvmNyDjzpfaom &efoludk aoewfjzifhypf&ef rjzpfEkdifawmhaomaMumifh aoewfudkif &Jrufrsm;\ aemufwGifcsxm;aom 'kwd,txyfudk toHk;jyK&onf/ 'kwd,txyfum; 'l;av;wyfaywnf;/

uRrf;usifvSaom vufrsm;u jrm;wHwpfacsmif;NyD;wpfacsmif;udk n§dKUwGifqifum taumif;qHk; tuGmta0;&Sd &efol\xHodkY twnhfrwfqHk;ypfvTwfEdkifMuonf/ uREkfyfudk,fwkdifrlum; vSHvsif


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õç ççççççççç


rsm;udk tpnf;vdkuf csxm;NyD;? wpfacsmif;NyD;wpfacsmif; qJG,lum &efoludk vSHwpfcsufvQifwpfa,muf csdef&G,fypfpdkuf&avonf/

&efolYtavmif;rsm;onf NrdKU½dk;tjyifbufatmufajcwGif tpkvdkuf tyHkvdkuf jzpfvmonf/uREkfyfwdkYbufrSvnf; olwdkY\ aoewfusnfqefaMumifh trsm;tjym; usqHk;&onf/

uREkfyf\nmbufvufarmif;rS tom;wpfwpfckvnf; &efolYusnfqefwGif ygoGm;onf/ ezl;pwGifvnf; wdkuf½kdufrrSefapumrl ,rf;aiGUoifhaomaMumifh avmifuRrf;ndKrnf;oGm;onf/ olwdkY aoewfrsm;rSm uREkfyfwdkYxuf ydkíaumif;rGefaMumif; awGU&onf/ toHvnf; ydkíus,fonf/ ypfcwfrIwpfcsufESihfwpfcsufvnf; uREkfyfwdkY\ ausmufrD;aoewfvdktcsdefrMumvS/

rnfodkYqdkap/ olwdkY tustqHk;rsm;onfurltaotcsmyif/

teD;uyf &ifqdkifwdkufcdkufyGJwGif ta&;romonfudk olwdkYodoGm;NyD; ta0;rSom tajrmufjzifh


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïððïððïððïððïðð


ypfMuonf/ tajrmufoHrsm; tqufjywfawmhonfr&Sdojzifh uREkfyfwdkYtm;vHk;em;yif;oGm;Muawmhrnfavm[kyif xifrdonf/

wdkufyGJwGif 'kwd,aeY/ &efolwdkY NrdKU½dk;udkwuf&ef BudK;pm;onfhtBudrfaygif; &SpfBudrfajrmufwGifum;/ Adkvfrª; uEéDNrdKU0ef? ppfuJrsm;jzpfMuaomaersdK;aZ,soBuFef? &Jxifaemf&xmausmfacgifESihfuREkfyfav;OD;om; tjyif;txef aqG;aEG;&awmhonf/

uREk fyfwdk Y\ aqG;aEG;wdkifyifyGJrSmvnf;tajrmufqefrsm;w0kef;0kef; aygufuGJaeonfhMum;rSyif a&Smif&if;wdrf;&if; jyKvkyfMu&avonf/

aemufqHk;wGif aejynfawmfrS ppfulawmif;&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufMuonf/

,if;twGufc&D;vrf;qdk;&Gm;vSaom csif;wGif;a'oudk tjrefqHk;ESifEdkifrnfh jrif;onfausmfwyfzGJUwpfzGJU a&G;cs,fvdkufonf/ jrif;onfausmfwyfom;wdkYonf &efolwyftaeusJonfh ta&SUbufrsufESmrS azmufxGufNyD; ajr'l;NrdKUodkY OD;wnfoGm;&rnfjzpfonf/ ajr'l;rS wyfudkwpfqifh apvTwf&efpDpOf


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïðïïðïïðïïðïïðï


vdkufonf/þtpDtpOfudk uREkfyfucsrSwfvdkufonfwGif

aersdK;aZ,soBuFefu ]][m..cifAsm;rif;BuD; r[mAE¨Kv&JU a&mif;&if;rdkYvdkY? olYvkd tpDtrHrsdK; csrSwfwwfwmeJY wlw,f}}[k ajymao;onf/

odkYjzifhyif jrif;onfawmf wyfzGJUudk apvTwfcJhNyD;aemuf ig;&ufajrmufnodkY a&mufcJhavonf/&ufowåwpfywfvHk;vHk; aeYaeYnn &efolwyfrsm;utvSnfhjzifh 0ifwdkufMuonf/ uREkfyfwdkYrSm &SdorQ tiftm;jzifh tvSnhfusvmorQ &efoludk 'dkifcHí wkdufcdkufckcHae&onfjzpfí wyfom;rsm; tm;tifqkwf,kwfvmonf/

uREkfyfvnf; aoewf'Pf&mrS tem&SdefaMumifh tzsm;0ifvmonf/

&Jxifaemf&xmausmfacgifvnf; aygifwGif'Pf&m&oGm;onf/

uREkfyfwdkYacgif;aqmifav;OD;rSm 'Pf&mudkvnf;aumif;? zsm;emjcif;udkvnf;aumif; arhazsmufypf&um wpfaeYwmudk tcsdefav;ydkif;cGJí OD;pD;


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïðîïðîïðîïðîïðî


uGyfuJMu&avonf/tqrwef rrQwaom tiftm;csif; ,SOf&

onfjzpfí &efolwdkYonf NrdKU½dk;udk av;bufav;wefydwfqdkYrdoGm;Muonf/

uREkfyf\ tcsdefydkif;jzpfaom nOfhoef;acgifrSeHeuft½kPfwuftxd umvtwGuf wdkufyGJudkuGyfuJ&ef NrdKU½kd;ay:odkY wufcJhonf/ NrdKU½dk;xdyfodkY uREfkyfa&mufoGm;aomtcg 'Pf&mtxyfxyf &aeMuNyDjzpfaom &Jrufrsm;rSm tm;wufoGm;[efjzifh 'l;av;udk pGJudkifvdkufMuonf/

&Jrufi,fwpfOD;u uREkfyfudk vSHvsiftpnf;vdkufvmay;onf/

olYudk vufumjyvdkufNyD; uREkfyfajymvdkufonf/

]]ighudk 'l;av;eJYjrm;usnfawmufyJ ay;awmhuGm? 'l;av;n§dKUudkawmh BudK;pm;NyD; iifEdkifr,fxifwmyJ? vSHvsifudkawmh igt&Sdefjyif;jyif; rypfEdkifawmhbl;}}

&Jrufu a,mifudkif;aeaom uREkfyf\ vuf


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïðíïðíïðíïðíïðí


armif;udk Munfhí 'l;av;ESifh jrm;usnfawmufudkxkwfay;onf/ jrm;wpfpif;xkwfí nd§KUwGifwyfumiifMunfhonf/ b,fvufudkoHk;í &ao;aMumif; awGU&í uREkfyftm;wufrdonf/ &Jrufi,fonf uREfkyf'l;av;n§dKU BudK;iifyHkudkMunfhí NyHK;ae&Smonf/xdktcsdefrSmyif aoewfoHwpfcsuf ay:vmNyD; &Jrufi,fcrsmrSm tNyHK;yifrjy,fwwfao;aom rsufESmav;ESifh usnfoifhum acGusoGm;avonf/

vufarmif;'Pf&mudk uREkfyfowdr&awmh/wyfqifxm;NyD;om; jrm;wHudk ypfvTwfvdkufonf/NrdKU½dk;atmufrS aoewfudkif&efol\ vnfrsdKodkY xkwfcsif;ayguf/

aemufxyfjrm;wpfpif; 'l;av;n§dKUwGifwyf?n§dKUudkiif? aemufxyf &efolwpfa,muf? aemufjrm;wpfpif;? aemuf&efolwpfa,muf/

vIyf&Sm;&vGef;ojzifh uREkfyf\vufarmif;rSmaoG;rsm; &TJepfaeonf/ n§dKUudkqGJí armif;cvkyfudkn§pfvdkufwdkif; 'Pf&ma[mif;rS aoG;rsm;,dkpD;usvmonf/ Mumvmaomtcg emusifrIonf txGwftxyfodkY


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïðìïðìïðìïðìïðì


a&mufoGm;[ef&Sdonf/uREkfyfrSm vufwpfbufr&Sdawmhovdk cHpm;&

onf/xdkcPü uREkfyf ½l;oGyfoGm;NyD[k &Jrufrsm;u

xifMuaMumif; aemufydkif;wGif ajymjyavonf/jrm;usnfawmufoHk;ckudk toHk;jyKcJhonf/

wwd,usnfawmufrS jrm;wHrukefrDrSmyif uREkfyfacgif;xJrSm rl;a0vmonf/

aoG;xGufvGefaomaMumif h jzpfonf/rsufvHk;xJwGifvnf; teDa&mifudkom jrifae&onf/'l;av;u vufxJrSmtqrwef av;yifvmonf/ n§dKUudkvnf; rwifEdkifawmh/ odkYaomfvnf; jrm;wpfpif;udkBudK;pm; wyfqifvdkufonf/

'l;av;tdrf&Sd&m n§dKUra&mufcifrSmyif uREkfyfü &Sd&SdorQtm;tifwdkY ukefcef;oGm;NyDjzpfaMumif;odvdkufonf/ NrdKU½dk;xdyfrS OD;pdkufuRrf;jyefusvktHhjzpfoGm;í 'l;av;udk vTwfcsNyD; ol&Jcdkudk zufwG,fxm;vkduf&onf/

rsufcGHrsm;udk tm;,lízGifhMunfh,if; avSum;


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïðëïðëïðëïðëïðë


axmifwufvmaom &efolrsm;\taetxm;udkoHk;oyfvdkufonf/

&efol\aoewfusnfqefudk apmifh½HkrStybmrQ rwwfEdkifawmh/

aemufqHk;tcsdefonf eD;uyfvmaeNyD/ rPdyl&udk &efolrsm; jyefodrf;EdkifMuawmhrnf/ ½kwfw&ufrsufpdxJwGif wpfcJeuf trdkufwkduf jzpfxGef;oGm;NyD;aemuf csufcsif;yif NydK;jyufvif;xdef oGm;jyefonf/aemufqHk;xGufouf\ edrdwfvu©Pmyif jzpfacsrnf[k awG;rd&if; jrifvdkuf&aom rD;a&mifBuD;udk ai;idkifMunfhrdonf/

tvif;a&mifonf aysmufjy,fíroGm;/tqufrjywf vif;aeNrJ/xdktcdkufrSmyif NrdKUapmifhwyf&JrufwdkY\

[pfa<u;oHukd Mum;vdkuf&avonf/]]aejynfawmf wyfrawG a&mufvmNyD? ppful

vmNyD...}}apmapmu jrifvdkuf&aom rD;a&mifrsm;um;

aejynfawmfwyfrrsm;\ tajrmufpdefajymif;rsm;qDrS


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïðêïðêïðêïðêïðê


jzpf&rnf/tNyD;wdkif jyKwfa<utHhqJqJ arQmfvifhcsuf

i,fav;onf ½kwfjcnf;yif qyGm;us,fjyefYvmawmhonf/ wpfudk,fvHk;odkY cGeftm;opfrsm; pD;jyefYvmovdkcHpm;vkduf&NyD; uREkfyfol&Jcdkab;rS ckefí xvdkufonf/

odkYaomf xdkw'*Fonfom owdESihfudk,fNrJcJhaom aemufqHk;tcsdef/

uREkfyfbmudkrQ rodawmh/

À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïðéïðéïðéïðéïðé


3owd&vmí rsufpdzGifhMunfhvkdufaomtcg

tvif;a&mifESihftaEG;"mwf aumif;pGm&&Sdaom wJwpfwJtwGif; a&mufaeaMumif; awGUvkduf&onf/tajrmufpdefajymif;oHrsm;udk rMum;&awmh/ tiftm;jynfh0pGm Edk;xvmcJhonfjzpfí jrifuGif;onf&Sif;vif; Munfvifaeonf/ wJtwGif;vufeufrsdK;pHkudk csdwfqGJxm;onf/

xdkrQomru eH&HxufwGif ppfaMumif;csDajryHkrsm;? rPdyl& tmoH? ucsme,fpyf a'ojyajryHkrsm;? tif;0NrdKUawmf\ ajryHkum;csyfrsm;.../


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïðèïðèïðèïðèïðè


tHhMojcif; BuD;pGmjzifh tdyf&mxufrS xvkdufonf/ ½kwfw&uf rl;a0oGm;ojzifh tdyf&may:wGif jyefvSJvdkuf&onf/ ppftcif;tusif;jy ajryHkum;csyfrsm;onfrQ pHkvifpGmcsdwfxm;aom wJonf ]olY}wJrStytjcm;rjzpfEdkif/

odkYqdkvQif olonf rPdyl&odkY a&mufvmNyDavm? ppfulwyfrwGif olygvmonfavm? tawG;rsm; ½IyfaxG;aecdkufwGif...

A[dkpnfoHwpfcsuf Mum;vdkuf&onf/]][if...}}EIwfrS a,mif,rf;í toHxGufoGm;&av

onf/ þtoHudk rPdyl&ü rMum;&Edkif/ uonf;wdkYonf A[dkpnfudk roHk;/ A[dkpnfudk tif;0NrdKUawmfuom toHk;jyKonf/ odkYqdkvQif uREkfyfa&mufae&monf...

uREkfkyf\ ½IyfaxG;vSaom tawG;rsm;udkajz&Sif;ay;rnfh o@mefwpfck wJxJodkY 0ifvmonfudkawGUvdkuf&avonf/ 0rf;omvGef;ojzihf tdyf&mrSx&ef BudK;pm;vdkufonf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïðçïðçïðçïðçïðç


olu zswfvwfayghyg;pGm uREkfyfteD;odkYa&mufvmNyD; uREkfyf\&ifbwfudk qD;umí tdyf&may: jyefvSJaponf/

]]rxeJY... udk&ifh 'Pf&m jyif;w,f?tem&Sdef BuD;vGef;wm&,f? aoG;txGufvGefwm&,faMumihf udk&ifNrdKU½dk;xdyfrSm vJusoGm;w,f? ig;&ufvHk;vHk; owdvpfaecJhw,f? tjyefwpfvrf;vHk;vJudk&if tjyif;zsm;cJhw,f? vHk;0 owdr&bl;? tckawmhpdwfcsoGm;ygNyD? aejynfawmfudkvJ jyefa&mufaeNyDav}}

uREkfyftaMumif;ESihfywfoufí ar;p&mrusefawmhavmufatmif rif;BuD;r[mAE¨KvutusOf;csKyfpHkvifpGm ajymjyavonf/ odkYaomf...

]]rPdyl&aum rif;BuD;... [if rPdyl&aum}}

]]udk&ihftrdefYeJY vTwfvdkufwJh jrif;onfausmfajr'l;udk a&mufcJhw,f/ tqifhtqifh jrif;wrefawGa&mufvmwmaMumifh? 'Duae ppfulvdkufcJhw,f?ycef;rif;BuD;rif;acgif udk,fwdkif AdkvfcsKyftjzpf OD;pD;


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïïðïïðïïðïïðïïð


csDcJhMuwmyJ? qifig;q,f? jrif;wpfaxmif? ol&JESpfaomif;? wyfrq,fhudk;ckcsDcJhw,f? rm*spfqif; ucsme,fxJudk xGufajy;oGm;NyD; ta&;awmfvScJhw,f qdkMuygpdkY}}

atmifyGJowif;udk ajymaeaomfvnf; olYrsufESmrSm wpfpHkwpf&m xl;jcm;aysmf&Tif[efrsdK; r&Sd[kuREkfyfxifrdonf/

]]udk&ifh NrdKUapmifhwyfaum udk&ifudk,fwdkifyg&Tyf&TyfcRHcRH &SdcJhMuw,f/ NrdKUusvkqJqJrSm tcsdefrDjyefpD;vdkufEdkifw,f}}

]]rif;BuD;u b,fppfaMumif;eJY csDovJ}}]]usKyf... vdkufroGm;ygbl;? tif;0rSmyJ

ae&pfcJhw,f/ uonf;apmfbGm;xufudk ta&;BuD;wJhppfa&;awGtwGuf 'DrSmaeYnOfhrjywf wyfrif;awGtm;vHk; rif;w&m;eJY wdkifyifaeMu&w,f}}

]][kwfvm;... b,fvdkta&;BuD;wJh ppfa&;awGvJ}} twefMum olwdwfqdwfaeNyD;rS qufajymonf/

]]rm*spfqif; ajy;0ifcdkvIHwJh ucsme,f[m..


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïïïïïïïïïïïïïïï


NAdwdoQydkif qDv[ufe,feJY ausmcdkif; e,fpyfa'oyJ? usKyfwdkYwyfawGu apmfbGm;udk zrf;zdkY ucsme,fxJtxd vdkufcJhMuw,f/ NAdwdoQawGu e,fusL;w,fqdkNyD; usKyfwdkYeJY pum;rsm;Muw,fav}}

uonf;apmfbGm;rsm;\ aemufuG,fwGifNAdwdoQrsm;&SdaeaMumif;? NAdwdoQonf wu,fh&efoljzpfaMumif;? vufonf;0Sufxm;aom aMumifESihftvm;wlonfh NAdwdoQwdkYta&;udk rarhravsmh&SdtyfaMumif;? olwpfcgu ajymzl;onfrsm;udk uREkfyftrSwf&vmonf/

ppfrIta&;t&mESifh ywfoufaom olYBudKwifwGufudef;rsm;tm;vHk; rSefuefvmMuavonf/

]]udk&if tckawmh 'DavmufyJ odxm;tHk;aygh? udk&ifhtem tawmfonf;cJhwmyJ? 'Pf&muaexGufoGm;wJh aoG;awGtwGufa&m? tzsm;a&m*gBuD;vGef;cJhwJhtwGufa&m? udk&if tm;jyefarG;zdkY? rlvtajca&mufzdkY &uftawmfMum tem;,l&vdrfhtHk;r,f?tif;.. udk&if tdyf&mxufrSmyJ ae&vdrfhr,f}}

ta&;awmfrsm; ylaEG;aeonfhumvrsdK;wGifrS


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïïîïïîïïîïïîïïî


uREkfyfrSm a0'emonfjzpfae&onf/ BuHKvm&onfhtajctaeudk rauseyfEdkif/

]]usKyf... tcsdefawGtrsm;BuD;udk tcsnf;ESD;ukef&awmhrSmvm;Asm}}

pdwfvufrcsrf;om jzpfvmojzifh nnf;oHEIwfrSxGufoGm;onf/

olu euf½Idif;pGm Munfhvsuf...]]udk&if... bmvkyfcsifovJ? tdyf&may:u

awmh rqif;&bl;}}]]rif;BuD;&JU wJxJrSmyJ... qufaecGifh&r,f

qdk,ifawmh...}}'DrSmyJ ae&rSmaygh? usKyfqDrSmyJ ae&r,f}}]]'gjzifh&if...}}olYudk uREkfyftm;udk;wBuD; Munfhvdkufrdav

onf/]]tdyf&may:rSm ae&r,hftcsdefawGwpf

avQmufvHk;rSm rif;BuD;cGifhjyKEdkifr,fqdk&if rif;BuD;&JUajryHkum;csyfawG? aoe*FtpDtrH wGufcsufxm;yHkawGudk avhvmcsifw,f}}


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïïíïïíïïíïïíïïí


ESpfESpfNcdKufNcdKuf &SdvSaom tNyHK;wpfckudk awGUvdkuf&onf/ acgif;udk jznf;jznf;ndwfvsuf uREkfyf\'Pf&mr&aom 0Jvufudk ol qkyfudkifzspfn§pfonf/

Murf;&Saom olYvufz0g;jyifus,fBuD;xHrSylaEG;&Sifoefonfh taiGUudk &&Sdvdkufonf/ wif;usyfNrJNrHaom vufacsmif;rsm;\ qkyfudkifrIrSwqifhol\wefcdk;rsm; uREkfyfxHodkY pD;0ifvmonf[k xif&avonf/

]r[mAEKv\ a&mif;&if;jzpf&jcif;}qdkonfhwpfckwnf;aom taMumif;tcsuftm;jzifhyif uREkfyfvljzpfusdK;eyfNyD;[k ,HkMunfrdacsonfwum;/

À À À


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïïìïïìïïìïïìïïì


¬½»ºå øë÷1

arQmfvifhxm;cJhonfxuf ydkíMumjrifhpGmuREkfyf tdyf&may:wGif aecJh&onf/ rPdyl&ppfyGJwGif&cJhaom iSufzsm;a&m*grSm oufomp jyKvmaomfvnf; aoG;txGufvGefcJhjcif;aMumifh uREkfyfrSm yuwdvlaumif;jzpfzdkY tpGrf;xufaom aq;0g;rsdK;pHkudkrjywf rSD0Jae&onf/

odkYaomf... xkd ]a0'emonf umv} onfuREkfyfb0twGuf tcsdK;tauGUwpfqpfajymif;umvyifjzpfawmhonf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïïëïïëïïëïïëïïë


olYñTefMum;jyorIrsm;jzif h uREk fyfonfppfwdkY\ oabmrsm;pGmudk wqifhNyD;wqifh avhvmcGifh&cJhavonf/ vuf0JokE&\ eEDaoeysdKU? om"deysdKU? aoe*FAsL[mysdKU? AsL[puúdysdKUrsm;udk tacgufacguftjyefjyef zwfcJhonf/

EdkifiHawmf ajryHkESifh e,fpyfa'o ajryHkaygif;rsm;pGmwdkYudkvnf; avhvm½HkrQru ul;,l a&;qGJ&onf/ xdkrSwpfqifh ppfcsD?ppfcH?ppfuyf?ppfvSefY?ppfxdk;?ppfqkwfqdkif&m aoe*FAsL[mrsm;udkvnf; teufazmfyHkcsyfrsm;jzifh qnf;yl;cGifh&cJhonf/

wpfcgwpfcg olu ukef;aMumif;? a&aMumif;wdkufyGJrsm;qdkif&m ar;cGef;ykpämrsm;udk ajryHkcsyfESifhwuGppfaq;ar;jref;wwfonf/ uREkfyfu rdrdwyfrsm;atmifjrifa&;twGuf rnfodkYaom aoe*Fudk rnfodkYrnfyHk toHk;jyKrnfjzpfaMumif; ajryHkum;csyfESifhwuGjyefvnfajzMum;&onf/

uREkfyfwdkY\ tar;tajz ykpämwdkif;wGif &efolYjy,k*frSm ]NAdwdoQwyfrsm;}yif jzpfavonf/

xdkYjyif rPdyl&ppfyGJumvu &&SdcJhonfh &efolY


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïïêïïêïïêïïêïïê


tajrmufpdefajymif; vufeufrsm; taMumif;udkvnf;avhvm&ao;onf/

vufeufrsm; jyKvkyfxm;yHk? tpGrf;xufyHkponfrsm;omru ,rf;jyKvkyfenf;? tajrmufpdefajymif; ae&m,lenf;? ypfcwfenf;? csdef&G,fenf;rsm;ygrusef usufrSwf&avonf/

tdyf&may:u rqif;&aom vlrrmtjzpfppfrIa&;&mrsm;udk avhvmoifMum;aeonfh tcsdefrsm;onf avmuopfwpfckodkY rsufarSmufjyK&aomumvyif jzpfawmhonf/

uREkfyf oufomaysmufuif; jyKvmcsdefrSmyif]tmoHta&;} ay:aygufcJhavonf/ tmoHta&;ESifhywfoufí olu xHk;pHtwdkif; uREkfyfudk wdkwdk&Sif;&Sif;jzifh wduspGm ajymjycJhonf/

]]tmoHapmfbGm;? csE&muEÅqif;eJY rif;NydKifyl&ef'gqif;wdkYcsif; xD;eef;a&; ½IyfaxG;cJhMuwm?tjyeftvSef wdkufcJhMuwmawGudk udk&ifodNyD;NyD? csEuEÅqif;[m usKyfwdkY&JU vufatmufcHyJ? olYudk tmoHxD;eef;jyef&zdkY usKyfwkdY ESpfBudrfwdkifwdkif tultnD


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïïéïïéïïéïïéïïé


ay;cJhw,f/ 'gayr,fh tck ol[m opömazmufjzpfoGm;NyD/ aiGaMu;? vufeufeJY aMu;pm;ppfonfawGudkwpfjcm; EdkifiHwpfckqDu ol&,lNyD; usKyfwdkYudk axmifxm; jcm;em;vmw,f}}

]]NAdwdoQawGqDu ol&wm r[kwfvm;}}]][kwfw,f? NAdwdoQwyfawGudk,fwkdif "l&

[wfNrdKUem;rSm wyftcdkiftrm csaeMuw,f}}]]"l&[wf...[kwfvm; rif;BuD;? tmoHxJu

"l&[wfvm;}}olYaus;Zl;aMumifh e,fpyfajryHkrsm;&Sd a'o

rsm;udk uREkfyf aumif;pGm &if;ESD;aeNyD jzpfonf/]][kwfw,f? tmoHAdkvfrª; r[moDv0 vGefcJh

wJh oHk;&ufuyJ aejynfawmfudk a&mufaew,f/tmoHapmfbGm;eJYNAdwdoQta&;udk Adkvfrª;r[moDv0u tjynfhtpHk avQmufwifcJhw,f}}

tmoHodkY ESpfBudrfppfcsDcJhzl;aMumif; uREkfyfrSwfrdvdkufonf/ xdkppfaMumif;rsm;ü uREkfyf ryg0ifcJhay/ ewf&GmpHbdk;awmfbk&m;vufxufu jzpfayonf/

]]tmoHppfay:zdkY &Sdovm;rif;BuD;}}


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïïèïïèïïèïïèïïè


olbmrS jyefrajzbJ cg;pnf;BudK;\ txufudk,fusyftwGif;bufodkY vufEdIufonf/ jyefxkwfvdkufaom olYvufxJwGif awGU&onfum; [oFjy'g;a&mifawmufaeaom pmcRefAl;wpfck/

pmcRefAl;udk uREkfyfxHvSrf;ay;onf/]]rif;w&m;&JU trdefYawmfpmygw,f}}pmcRefAl;udkzGifhí txJrS pmcRefvdyfudk uREkfyf

jzefYMunfhvkdufonf/]]bkef;awmfBuD;jrwfawmfrlaom bBuD;awmf

bk&m; trdefYawmfoufa&mufvdkufonfrSm tvHkNrdKU0efrif;BuD;r[mAE¨Kvtm; AdkvfcsKyftjzpfOD;pD;apvsuftmoHodkY ppfjyKcsDwuf? ta&;awmfukefpifatmifxrf;&Guf&rnf}}

o0Pfudk jzefYudkif&if; uREfkyfxufoefpGmar;vdkufrdonf/

]]rif;BuD;...usKyfaum[if... usKyf...}}]]AdkvfaersdK;&Jacgifausmf[m usKyf&JUppfuJem;

cHtjzpf tmoHudk vdkufyg&r,f}}À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïïçïïçïïçïïçïïç


2ppfuJem;cHawmfAdkvftjzpf uREkfyfwpfcsdefvHk;

olESifheD;uyfpGm &SdcJh&onf/yxrqHk; olYtrdefYt& uREkfyfvkyf&aom

wm0efum; ppfcsDtrdefYawmfqifhpmudk olYEIwfrS&Gwfonfhtwdkif; yk&ydkufay:wGif unpfESihfvdkufa&;&onfhtvkyf jzpfavonf/

rsufpdtpHkudk rSdwfvsuftxpftaighr&Sdyuwd acsmajypGm ola&&Gwfavonf/

]]wyfygAdkvf?ppfuJ?emcH? wyfrª;wdkYtrdefYawmfESifh tmoHaMumif; csDrnf/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïîðïîðïîðïîðïîð


vdkufygxrf;&Gufoifh &JrufwdkYrSm rsufpdrIefrGJ?wdrfrsufcrf;pyf? yef;em'lvmtm;BuD;? Muuf0ufrSifwufa&m*g?tdyf&ma,mif,rf;? OD;qH½IyfaxG;?udk,fxuf'l;&Snf?aygif&Snf?ajcodrf?vufodrf?toufESpfq,f rjynfhol?toufig;q,fausmfol?xdkolwdkYudkwyfyg&Jrufqdkí tcefYtxm;r&SdapESifh? qdkcJhonfvludk csefvSyf/

wyfawmfygoifhaom vlwpfudk,fvQif ESpfjynf0ifqefpvG,fwpf?vTmzdeyf?ql;xGiftyf udk,fpDygap/ toD;oD;vufeufudkifusonfh NrdKUaus;&GmwdkYodkY pmwdkpm&SnfESihfqifh/

vufeufudkifolwdkY a&Tz0g;awmfatmufa&mufí wyfpnf;Muyfonfhumv? ig;a,mufudkwpftdk;pm;tzGJU? wpftdk;pm;vQif rdk;umwpf?r,feav;?aMu;tdk;wpf? "m;rwpf? ykqdefwpf? wl;&Gif; apmufwpf? tjym;wpf?apmufcHk;wpf?pl;vGefwpf? vuf½dkufwpfygapNyD;vQif &JrufaoewfwpfvufvQif befYayG;BudK;oHk;vGef;wif t&SnfckESpfaxmif? em;cGufaq;csdefwpfq,fom;? usnf,rf;wpfydóm? usnfvHk;a&


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïîïïîïïîïïîïïîï


wpf&m? ,rf;awmifhig;q,f? rD;ausmufjym;ig;?'kef;ukvm; ausmufqwfwpf? tkef;qHumywfrsm;ygap.........................................................................................................................................}}

onfrQ wdusaphpyfvSaom ppfa&;jyifqifrItpDt&ifrsm;udk olb,fwkef;u b,fodkY b,fvdkpOf;pm;pdwful;cJhonfvnf;rod/ odkYaomf uREkfyfrSmol&GwfoGm;orQudk rDatmifvdkufa&;ae&ojzifhtHhMocsdef r&vdkufay/

wyfpkwyfzGJUtiftm;? csDwufpOfumv wyfOD;wyfzsm; tquftoG,f?uif;wdkuif;&Snf tapmifhtaetvHk;pHkudk t<uif;tusefr&Sd axmifhapHthHapol awG;awmwwfygayonf/

]]................... wyfygt&m&SdwdkY "m;pGJudkifNyD;AdkvfcsKyfxH nOfh,HrtdyfrD0ifxGufcpm;? ta&;awmf?wdkufa&;?vSefa&;? vkyfBuHa&;wdkYudk? apmapmvsifvsif aq;aq;av;av; vkyfBuHoifhroifhoabm xifjriforQwdkifyifMuap? onftwdkif;


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïîîïîîïîîïîîïîî


wyfyg t&m&SdwdkYudkqifh? AdkvfcsKyfrif;BuD; r[mAEKvtrdefYawmfqifhqdkvdkufonf/}}

yk&ydkufay:wGif uREkfyf\unpfaemufqHk;pmvHk;udk a&;NyD;NyD;csif; olutrdefYay;onf/

]]qdkif&m em;cHawmfawGqD trdefYawmfqifhpmydkYvdkufyg Adkvf&Jacgifausmf}}

uREkfyf\bGJUrnf aersdK;&Jacgifausmfudk olu]Adkvf&Jacgifausmf}[k ac:vdkufonf/ em;xJwGifqef;ovdkvdk&Sdaomfvnf; þtac:ta0:xJü trdefYESihfoHa,mZOfESpfckpvHk; ygaeonf[kxifNyD; uREkfyfauseyf&avonf/

]]'DaeY vqkwf&Spf&uf? OykofaeY/ uREkfyfwdkYvjynfhausmf q,fhwpf&ufaeYcsDwufr,f? wydkYwGJvqdkawmh tmoHjynf "l&[wftxdta&muf c&D;wpfavQmufvHk; &moDMurf;eJY awGU&vdrfhr,f}}

vjynfhausmf q,fhwpf&ufaeYwGif uREkfyfwdkYwyfrsm;aejynfawmfrS pwifxGufcGmcJhMuonf/vuf0JppfuJtjzpf Adkvf&mZrif;acgif? vusfmppfuJtjzpf AdkvfaersdK;vSol&def? wyfa&;tjzpf vuf0JoD[


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïîíïîíïîíïîíïîí


aemf&xmESihf aersdK;ausmfwif tmoHAdkvfrª;BuD;rif;BuD; r[moDv0? em;cHrif;BuD;eEáusmfxif?wyfa&; aersdK;ol&oHwdkifwdkYu 0rf;vdIifaMumif;jzifhcsDcJhMuavonf/

uREkfyfwdkYwyfrsm;tm;vHk;rS tiftm; av;axmifom&Sdonf/ qifESpfq,fomygonf/ jrif;uig;&m? wpfckaom taMumif;jcif;&mudk uREkfyfawG;rdaeonf/ tmoHodkYESpfBudrfcsDcJhzl;onf/ xdkpOfutvHk;t&if;ESihf ,cktvHk;t&if;uGmjcm;vSacsonf/ yxrtBudrfu tiftm;wpfaomif;ckESpfaxmif? jrif;wpfaxmifhckESpf&m[k rSwfom;&zl;onf/ 'kwd,tBudrfwkef;uvnf; xdkenf;ESifESif/ ,ckrlum; xdktBudrfrsm;xuf tiftm;av;qrQ avsmhenf;aeonf/

odkYaomf... ppfcsDonfhaeYu olajymcJhaomppfcsDrdefYcGef;udk em;axmifvdkuf&aomtcg uREfkyf\oHo,rsm; &Sif;oGm;cJhavonf/

]]yxrESpfBudrfwkef;u igwdkY[m tmoHbk&ifcsE´&muEÅqif;udk wGef;vSefzdkYjzpfw,f/ 'DuGmjcm;rIrSmyJ igwdkYpdwf"mwf[m av;qru wdk;jrifhwuf<u


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïîìïîìïîìïîìïîì


aeNyDvdkY ,HkMunf&r,f}}rSefayonf/ uREkfyfwdkYtm;vHk; ]a&G;vl}csnf;

jzpfonf/ tbufbufwGifjynfhpHkuHkvHkaom ppfonfawmfaumif;csnf;jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyifvnf; tkd;pm;&Jrufi,frStp? wyfrª;tv,f?Adkvfrª;tqHk;tvHk;pHkaom ol&Jaumif;wdkYonf olYtkyfcsKyfrIatmufwGifemcHMurnf[laom pdwf"mwft&mü qHcsnfwpfrQiftpGef;ta&GUrxGuf/ wnDwñGwfwnf; rdk;aumif;odkYuREkfyfwdkY a&mufcJhMuayNyD/

rdk;aumif;wGif tHhMop&maumif;aom jzpf&yfwpfckudk BuHK&avonf/

À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïîëïîëïîëïîëïîë


3rdk;aumif;wGif wpfnOfhtdyfwyfcsNyD; aemuf

wpfaeYeHeufapmapm qufcsD&rnfjzpfonf/ olYwJtwGif; wyfrif;?em;cH?ppfuJrsm; pHknDpka0;wdkifyifaeMucsdefrSmyif uif;apmifh&Jrufwpfa,mufuuREkfyfteD;odkYuyfí ajymvmonf/

]]Adkvfrif;... awmifpm;apmfbGm;Ad kvfwpfa,mufu AdkvfcsKyfudk awGUvdkaMumif;cGifhawmif;aeygw,f}}

]]b,fol...}}]]ucsifodef;ayg awmifpm;apmfbGm; Adkvf

wpfa,mufyg}}


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïîêïîêïîêïîêïîê


uREkfyfwJtjyifxGufcJhonf/ wyfpcef;wpfbufwGif awGUvdkuf&onfum; &JrufwpfaxmifcefY wyfBuD;wpfwyf/ wyfa&SUwGif AdkvfwpfOD;/

uREkfyf avQmufvmcJhonf/toufav;q,fcefY? tom;vwfvwf? EIwf

crf;arT;usifpG,fESihf NyHK;&TifaomrsufESm&Sdonfh xdkvlu uREkfyfudk vufqefYwef;í EIwfqufonf/

]]usKyf... rdk;aumif;txuf? ucsifodef;ayga'ou awmifpm;apmfbGm;jzpfygw,f/ AdkvfaersdK;odefy&mZmvdkY ac:ygw,f}}

]][kwfuJh... Adkvfrif;taMumif;udkvJrPdyl& ppfyGJeYJywfoufNyD; odxm;ygw,f}}

]]Adkvfrif;udpöu}}]]rif;BuD;r[mAEKvOD;pD;NyD; tmoHudk ppfcsD

Mur,fvdkY odxm;ygw,f/ 'DaeYrkd;aumif;udka&mufr,fvdkY owif;&wJhtwGuf qif;awGUygw,f/udpöurif;BuD;&JU tkyfcsKyfrIatmufrSm vdkufygNyD;tmoHppfyGJrSm trIawmfxrf;csifvdkYygyJ Adkvfrif;? usKyfrSmtiftm;wpfaxmifygygw,f}}


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïîéïîéïîéïîéïîé


pdwftm;xufoefpGm ajymaeaomaMumifhuREkfyftpOf;pm;&usyfoGm;onf/ uREkfyfwdkYwyfrsm;rSmtrdefYawmfqifhpmxkwfjyefí ]a&G;vl}zGJUcJhNyD;om;jzpfonf/ ppfcsDaMumif;wpfae&m vrf;cGwfvyfwGifawGUvm&aomwyfwpfwyfudk vufcH&efrSmrvG,fulaomudpö/

]]Adkvfrif;... usKyf&JU taoG;tom;eYJwuGa[m'Du csif;awmifwef;BuD;awGudk opömjyKNyD;ajymygw,f/ usKyfwdkYtmoHppfrSm 0ifcsifvdkYyg? Adkvfrif;&JUrif;BuD;udk ajymprf;yg}}

olYavoH? olYtoGifrsm;ü yuwd½dk;om;yGifhvif;aom t"dyÜm,fudk twdkif;om;awGUae&jyefonf/uREfkyfwpfOD;wnf;tzdkYrl xdkawmifpm; apmfbGm;udkESpfvdkonf trSefyif/odkYaomf... wdusjywfom;pGmuGyfn§yfpDrHvmcJhaom uREkfyfwdkYwyfwGif aemufxyftiftm;wpfaxmifudk jznfhoGif;zdkY ta&;rSm...

uREkfyfpOf;pm;aecdkufwGif awmifpm;apmfbGm;onf olYwyfrª;wpfa,mufudk ac:vdkufonf/wyfrª;a&mufvmNyD;olYvufxJodkY wpfpHkwpfckvSrf;ay;onf/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïîèïîèïîèïîèïîè


a&TcGufwpfck/ cGufxJwGif &J&JeDaom t&nfrsm;/

]]Adkvfrif;... 'DcGufxJu aoG;awG[m usKyfwdk Ytm;vHk;&JU vufarmifaoG;awG jzpfygw,f/tckvJ...}}

olYpum; tqHk;rowf/ vsifjrefvGef;aomvIyf&Sm;rIwpfck &dyfueJolYxHrS ay:vmonf/ cg;csyfrS "m;ajr§mifudkxkwfí olYvufz0g; vufoef;atmufajcudk "m;OD;jzifh xdk;pdkufum xGufusvmaom aoG;pufrsm;udk a&TcGufwGif cHvdkufjcif;aywnf;/

xdkYaemuf apmfbGm;onf aMumufrufbG,fusdefpmrsm;udk &Gwfqdkum a&TcGufxJrS aoG;udkaomufcsvdkufavonf/

uREfkyftvHk;pHkudk &Sif;vif;oabmaygufoGm;cJhayNyD/ vufarmif;aoG;ru? vuf0g;aoG;udkaomufaom aoG;aomufum; omrnr[kwfacswum;../

]]usKyfeJY vkdufcJhyg.. Adkvfrif;}}olYudk wJxJodkYac:cJhonf/ rif;BuD;a&SUodkY

csufcsif;0ifí uREkfyfrqdkif;rwG ajymvdkufonf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïîçïîçïîçïîçïîç


]]rdk;aumif;txuf? ucsifodef;ayga'ou?awmifpm;apmfbGm; AdkvfaersdK;odef;y&mZmyg? olYtiftm; wpfaxmifeJY rif;BuD;&JUtkyfcsKyfrIatmufrSmvdkufygNyD;? tmoHppfyGJtrIawmfxrf;vdkaMumif;awmif;qdkvmygw,f/ aoG;aomuf opömqdkcJhygw,f...}}

rif;BuD;u uREkfyfudk rsufarSmifMuKwfívSrf;Munfhonf/ xdkYaemuf awmifpm;apmfbGm;udk Munfhonf/ xdkYaemuf olYrsufvHk;rsm; uREkfyfqDjyefa&mufvmonf/ olESihfuREkfyftMunfhcsif; xGif;azmufrwwf qHkaeMuonf/ olYrsufvHk;rsm;qDrS ar;cGef;rsm;udk uREkfyfuvnf; wdwfqdwfeuf½dIif;pGmjyefajzonf/

uREfkyfajymvdkaom pum;teuft½dIif;udkolem;vnf&rnf[k uREkfyf,HkMunfxm;onf/ taMumif;rl olYrsuf0ef;&dyfrsm;qDu oabmxm;udkvnf;uREfkyfem;vnfaomaMumifhyif/

MumjrifhpGmaom tMunfhcsif;qHkaerIudkolursufawmifwpfcsuf ykwfítqHk;owfonf/ olYEIwfcrf;rsm; vIyf&Sm;vmonf/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïíðïíðïíðïíðïíð


]]vuf0JppfuJ Adkvf&mZrif;acgifwyfeJYtwlvdkufygap}}

awmifpm;apmfbGm; AdkvfaersdK;odef;y&mZmonf uREkfyfudkwif;wif;usyfusyf ayGUzufí nmbuf&iftkyftay:odkY erf;½Iyfavonf/

À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïíïïíïïíïïíïïíï


4rdk;aumif;rSwpfqifh ucsifawmifwef;rsm;?

csif;awmifwef;rsm;? em*awmifwef;rsm;.../jrifhrm;vSaom awmifwef;BuD;rsm;? xlxyf

vSaom awmeufBuD;rsm;um; wpfckudkjzwfausmfNyD;wdkif; aemufwpfcku qD;BudKaeonf/

&du©mtzdkYrl uREkfyfwdkYwGif ygvmcJhaomtaMumf?trJ?xrif;ajcmuftjyif awmxJwGifawGU&orQaom pm;aumif;onfh opfOopfzkESihf awmaumifrsm;udkyg &SmazGypfcwfpm;aomufEdkifMuojzifhraxmif;omvS/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïíîïíîïíîïíîïíî


c&D;rSm a&SUwdk;avav? awmeufavav?awmifjrifhavav jzpfvmonf/ txl;ojzihfum;vufoef;cefY&Sd awmjcifBuD;rsm;ESifh p&nf;tdk;cefYBuD;rm;aom ysm;tHkxufrS awmBuD;ysm;rsm;\tEÅ&m,fum; tqdk;&Gm;qHk; jzpfavonf/

xdktcgrSmyif trdefYawmfqifhpmü MuyfMuyfrwfrwf zdzdpD;pD;trdefYay;um ol vla&G;cJhonhft"dyÜm,f udkydkí oabmaygufrdonf/

uREkfyfwdkYvltm;vHk;rSm qefcgwifvufa&G;trmcHrsm;csnf;jzpfay&m tEÅ&m,frSeforQudk BuHhBuHhcHEdkifMuonf/oludk,fwkdifrSmvnf; taoG;tom;ESihfr[kwfrlbJ oHawGoHcJjzifh zGJUpnf;xm;onfhtvm;temtzsm; txdtcdkuf wpfcsufuav;rQ r&Sd/yuwd rmausmoefpGrf;vSacsonf/

ppfcsDaMumif;wGif uREkfyfwdk Y tyifyef;?tqif;&JqHk;um; olYtrdefYjzifh ]azmifyefavSwuf}rsm;aqmufvkyfMu&jcif;aywnf;/ azmifyefavSwufrsm;udk wyfzGJUtvSnfhus aqmufvkyfMu&onf/opfvHk;azmifwpfbufwpfcsufpD&Honfh wdkufavStoGifavSrsm;udk


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïííïííïííïííïíí


aqmuf&modkY oludk,fwkdif vSnfhvnfBuD;Muyfonf/xdkavSrsm;udk qifrsm;ay:wifjcif;? azmifyef

avSwufo,fvmaom qifrsm;udk awmBuD;awmifBuD;xJwGif armif;ESifcRef;udkif&jcif;rsm;rSmuREkfyfudk,fwkdifyg0ifcJh? uREkfyfudk,fwkdifo,faqmifcJh?uREk fyfudk,fwkdif azmifyefavSwufrsm;ESihftwl"l&[wfodkY a&muf&SdcJhaomaMumifhom trSefwu,fjzpf&yfaywnf;[k ,HkMunfEdkifjcif; jzpfonf/

tjcm;olwpfa,mufu þrQjrihfrm;oDacgifaom awmifwef;txyfxyf? awmiftxyfxyfudkazmifyefavSwufwifonfh qifhrsm;jzifh jzwfausmful;a&mufcJhygonf[kqdkvmvQif xkdodkYajymvmolonfrif;BuD;r[mAE¨Kvyif jzpfapOD;awmh uREkfyf,Hkrnfr[kwf/

odkYESihftrQyif cufcJMurf;wrf;aom ppfcsDvrf;aMumif;BuD;udkcsDí "l&[wfNrdKUtpGefawmtkyf]aemfa*gif;}jrpfteD;odkY uREkfyfwdkYwyfrsm; a&muf&SdwyfpGJcJhMuonf/

wyfpGJpcef;csonfhaeYrSm waygif;vjynfh


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïíìïíìïíìïíìïíì


ausmf oHk;&ufaeYjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdkY aejynfawmfrSxGufcGmcJhonfhaeYrSm wydkYwGJvjynfhausmf q,fhwpf&uf/ ppfcsDumvrSm wpfvyifrjynfh/

vuf,mppfuJBuD;? ewfpkvuf0JAdkvfaersdK;rif;vSol&defu aemfa*gif;jrpfurf;ajcodkY ajcwifrdvQifwifrdcsif;rSmyif wtHhwMo a&&Gwfavonf/

]]tvdkav;? usKyfwdkY"l&[wfudk a&mufvmMuNyD/ awmawmiftxyfxyf? &moDMurf;? c&D;Murf;tEÅ&m,ftoG,foG,fjzwfNyD; usKyfwdkYa&mufvmMuygyaum?Munfhprf;?wyfcsDcsdef[m wpfvawmif rjynfhygvm;? r,HkEdkifp&mygvm;a[h?NyD;cJhwJhESpfBudrfwkef;uav;v...av;v MumcJhw,f? tckMunfhprf;?wpfvwnf;eJYa&mufvmMuNyD? rif;BuD;r[mAEKv[m wefawmh vla,mifaqmifxm;wJh ewfbDvl;ppfonfyJjzpf&r,f}}

aemfa*gif;jrpfurf;ajcwGif uREkfyfwdkYwyfpGJNyD;aemufwpfaeYrSmyif ppfxkd;onf/ &efoltmoHbk&ifonf tiftm;oHk;aomif;ausmfjzifh qD;íckcHavonf/

odkYaomf olYtpDt&ifjzifh ppfaMumif;oHk;


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïíëïíëïíëïíëïíë


aMumif;jzefYí uREkfyfwdkY wdkufMuonfjzpfí wkdufyGJumvrSm bmrSrMumvdkuf/ csE&muEÅqif;\ukvm;ppfAm&DESpfaomif;ausmf twHk;t½Hl; usqHk;avonf/

&moDOwk qdk;&Gm;aecsdefwGif uREkfyfwdkYwyfrsm;a&mufvmjcif;uyif &efolYtay: pdwf"mwft&muREkfyfwdkYu BudKwifatmifyGJcHEdkifcJhNyD; jzpfonf/

ppfAm&Daoewform;wdkYonf uREfkyfwdkYudkypfcwfaeMuaomfvnf;olwdkY\&efolrS [kwfygavp[k xifaeMu[ef&Sdonf/

wdkufyGJoHk;&uftNyD;wGif csE&muEÅqif;ESihfolYwyfrsm;onf aemfa*gif;jrpfaMumif;? ,rHkemjrpfaMumif;twdkif;avSrsm;jzifh pkefqif;xGufajyMuonf/odkYaomf uREkfyfwdkYu vufOD;rI&,lxm;cJhMuNyD/

qifrsm;jzihf cufcufcJcJ wifaqmifvmcJhaom azmifyefavSwufrsm;\ toHk;0ifyHkudk ,ckrSodMu&awmhonf/ jrpfnmjrpfatmufrsm;wGif olYtrdefYtwdkif; olñTefjyonfh ae&mrsm;twGif;toifhqifxm;NyD;jzpfonfh uREkfyfwdkY\ azmifyefavSwufrsm;udk &efolwdkY rvGefajrmufEdkif/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïíêïíêïíêïíêïíê


upOhfuvsm; pkefajyMuaom &efolYavSrsm;udk uREkfyfwdkYu wdkufcdkufESpfjr§KyfypfvdkufMuonf/

þavSwdkufyGJwGif xl;xl;jcm;jcm;tpGrf;jycJholum; r,HkEdkifp&m awmifwef;om;ppfonfjzpfaomawmifpm;apmfbGm; AdkvfcsKyfaersd K;odefy&mZmjzpfonf/ AdkvfaersdK;odefy&mZmonf BuD;rm;vSaomolY'lav;BuD;udk tqufrjywfypfcwfum &efolYavSaemufodkY xufMuyfvkdufwdkufonf/ olYavSOD;onfwpfcgwpf&H &efolYavSyJhay:odkY ar;wifvkeD;txdolteD;uyfwdkufonf/

aemufqHk; usef&pfcJhaom &efolYavSaemufodkYol jrpfurf;ay:rS jrif;ESihf trDvdkufNyD;&efolrsm;udkacsrIef;cJhonf/

'l;av;BuD;udkxrf;í jyefvmaom oluppfaoG;wdkYjzifh &J&JeDaeaom rsufvHk;BuD;rsm;udkwzsyfzsyf ykwfcwfum ajymavonf/

]]azmifyefavSwufawGvkyfNyD; qifeJ YcufcufcJcJ wifvmuwnf;u AdkvfcsKyfrif;BuD;r[mAE¨Kv&JU aoe*Fudk usKyf&dyfpm;rdcJhw,fAs?


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïíéïíéïíéïíéïíé


NyD;cJhwJh tmoHppfyGJESpfBudrfwkef;u oif;wdkY[maemfa*gif;eJY ,rHkemjrpfaMumif;twdkif;avSvsifawGeJYtcsdefrDpkefqif; xGufajycJhMuw,fvdkY usKyfodxm;cJhw,fav/ tckawmh 'DtaumifawG vGwfvrf;r&Sdawmhbl;/ awmuf...'gayr,fh [dk opömazmufapmfbGm; vGwfoGm;wmawmh qdk;oAsm}}

csE&muEÅqif;onf *sdK[wfNrdKUodkY xGufajy;oGm;cJhayonf/ *sdK[wfonf ucsme,fxJwGif&SdaomNrdKUwpfNrdKUjzpfonf/ ucsme,fum;&efvdkolNAdwdoQ\EdkifiHcsJUa&; vufwH&SnfudkqefYí zrf;qkyf&efBudK;pm;aeonfhe,f/

csE&muEÅqif;udk ucsme,ftxJ vdkufzrf;aomuREkfyfwdkYbufrS AdkvfrSL;vuf0JoD[aemf&xm\wyfrsm;ESifh NAdwdoQwyfwdkY roifhrwifh jzpfcJhMuao;onf/ odkYaomf wkdufyGJrjzpfcJh/

csE´&muEÅqif;udk uREk fyfwdk YxHtyf&efawmif;qdkvdkufaomfvnf; NAdwdoQwdkYu jiif;qefonf/NAdwdoQwdkYtay: uREkfyfwdkYtm;vHk;\ rkef;wD;rIrSmydkíom BuD;xGm;vmawmhonf/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïíèïíèïíèïíèïíè


rnfodkYqdkap/ tmoHü Aef;armfNrdKUpm; oD&dtwkv&wema'0D\ armift&if;jzpfaom oD&dpE&oD[aZmf&[defbGJUrnf& *sdK*suf0gqif;udk eef;wifEdkifcJhonf/ tmoHjynfat;csrf;ydjym;a&;twGufrlAdkvfrª; r[moDv0udk tapmifhtaetjzpf aecJh&efrif;BuD;u trdefYcsvdkufonf/ rPdyl&wkef;uvdkuREfkyfae&pfcJhp&mrvdkawmh/

tmoHrSwyfodrf;í uREk fy fwd k Ywyfrsm;EdkifiHawmfodkY jyefcJhMuonf/ rdk;aumif;odkYa&mufaomtcg awmifpm;apmfbGm; AdkvfaersdK;odefy&mZmESifhvlcsif;wyfcsif; cGJcGmMu&avonf/

awmifpm;apmfbGm;ESihf uREfkyfrSm nDtpfudkwrQ oHa,mZOfjzpfaeMuayNyD/ oluuREfkyfudk ayGUzufvsuf 0rf;acgif;oHBuD;ESihf ajym&Smonf/

]]ta&;awmfwpfckck ay:NyDqdkwdkif; usKyfudkqifhac:zdkY cifAsm;&JUAdkvfcsKyfudk ajymay;ygAsm?trdefYawmfpm &&csif; usKyfaejynfawmfudk tjrefqHk;vmcJhygr,f}}

rif;BuD;r[mAE¨Kvuvnf; olYudk vuf½Hk;


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïíçïíçïíçïíçïíç


pGrf;xufol/ taMumuft&GHU tvQif;uif;oltjzpfoabmwus&SdaeaMumif;udk uREfkyfu ajymqdkazsmif;zs&avonf/

]]aoG;aomufa&... ta&;BuHK&if rdk;aumif;udkom wufcJhayawmh}}

[k wkefwkef,if,if EIwfqufavaomolYudkMunfh&if; uREkfyfvnf; &ifxJrSm qdkYvmavonf/

uREkfyfwdkYESpfOD; EIwfqufaeonfhae&modkY ola&mufvmonf/

apmfbGm;u 'l;axmuf&ef [efjyifvdkufaomfvnf; olu ycHk;udkqGJxlum olxHk;pHtwdkif;at;aq;wnfNidrfpGm ajymavonf/

]]AdkvfaersdK;odefy&mZm? tmoHppfrSmcifAsm;yGJaumif;&cJhaMumif; rif;w&m;udk usKyf oHawmfOD;wifay;r,f}}

awmifpm;apmfbGm;u a0oDaom rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh ai;Munfhum jyefajymonf/

]]AdkvfcsKyfrif;BuD;&JU tkyfcsKyfrIeJYaemufxyfyGJawG &zdkYtwGufudk uRefawmfydkNyD;arQmfvifhyg&ap}}


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïìðïìðïìðïìðïìð


]]aumif;NyD/ a[m'Du AdkvfaersdK;&JacgifausmfxHu wpfqihfa&mufvmr,fh trdefYawmfqihfpmudkomapmifhaeayawmh}}

]]tdk...em;cppfuJBuD;vm;? olqdkvQifawmholYqDuwpfqifhvmr,fh trdefYawmfqifhpmwifruoludk,fwkdifyg rdk;aumif;udka&mufatmif vmygvdkYuRefawmfzdwfMum;aeygw,f AdkvfcsKyf}}

apmfbGm;\avoHESihf trlt&mrSm ppfyGJ0ifAdkvfrif;ESifhrwlbJ yuwdvlysdK&G,f [efaygufoGm;ojzifh ol r&,fpzl;&,favonf/

]]aumif;NyD...aumif;NyD? wpfaeYaeYusvQifawmh olYudk rdk;aumif;ta&muf vTwfvdkufygr,f?[kwfNyDvm; awmifpm;apmfbGm;}}

]][m...uRefawmfh vuftpHkudk a[m'Dawmifwef;BuD;tay: qefYwef;NyD; zGifhBudKrSmayghAdkvfcsKyf&,f...}}

uREfkyfwdkYtm;vHk; vGwfvyfyGifhvif;pGm &,frdMuonf/ &,f&if;jzihfvnf; uREfkyf&ifxJwGiftawG;wpfck0ifvmaeonf/ tawG;qE´wpfck...? qE´


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïìïïìïïìïïìïïìï


wpfck.../cspfcifav;pm;zG,faumif;aom þucsif

odef;ayga'o&Sdawmifpm;apmfbGm; aersdK;odefy&mZm&Sd&m rkd;aumif;odkY wpfzefjyefvmcsifonfhqE´/

bmaMumifhrSef;rod/ wpfaeYaeYrSmawmhrdk;aumif;odkY a&muf&OD;rnf[k pdwfxJrSm xifaerdavonf/

À À À


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïìîïìîïìîïìîïìî


¬½»ºå øê÷

1rif;BuD;r[mAEKvonf olYZeD;&Sifrif;bl;ESifh

wpfOD;wnf;aomom; armifusefBuD;wdkYudk aejynfawmfodkY ac:,lvdkufonf/ wpfaumif<uufjzpfaomuREfkyfrSmrl olYrdom;pkESihftwl olYqDrSmom tdrfom;tjzpfaevdkufonf/

tmoHppfrS jyefvmNyD;onfhaemufwGif olonf bBuD;awmfbk&m;u csD;ajr§mifhoem;awmfrlaombGJUtaqmifta,mifopfwpfckudk xdkufwefpGm&&SdcJhonf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïìíïìíïìíïìíïìí


t*¾r[maoemywdbGJUjzifh olonf]0efBuD;}t&mudk &cJhayNyD/

a&Teef;awmfudk 0ef;&Hvsuf&SdMuukefaom0efBuD;pHtdrfawmfrsm;teuf acgifig;quf&SdonfhwpfckaompHtdrfawmfxufwGif olonftaqmifta,mif? tcrf;tem;jynfhpHkpGm pHjrefEdkifcJhayNyD/0efBuD;wpfyg;tjzpf rif;w&m;\twGif;awmfodkY0ifíppfrIa&;&mrsm;udk wdkuf½dkuftBuHay;Edkifaom tcGifhtmPmudkvnf; &&SdcJhayNyD/

uREkfyfvnf; Adkvfrª;tqifhodkY a&muf&SdcJhonf/odkYaomf vufawGUtrIawmfxrf;&onfrSm ]0efBuD;t*¾r[maoemywd r[mAE¨Kv}\ vuf½Hk;vl,Hkawmf ppfrª;jzpfavonf/

olESihfuREkfyfonf b,faomtcgrS ruGJuGmEdkifawmhaom tajcodkY a&muf&SdcJhNyDjzpfonf/

udk,f&Hawmfwyfrª;i,frsm;b0u t½dkuft&m tqifhcsif; twlwl&SdcJhaomfvnf; ol\jynfh0aom t&nftaoG;rsm;aMumifh olonf tqifhqifh&mxlwdk;wufcJhonfjzpfNyD; uREkfyfvnf; uREkfyf\


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïììïììïììïììïìì


t&nftaoG;ay:wnfrSDí xdkufoifhaom&mxl;udk&cJhonf jzpfayonf/

xdkYjyif olonf tNrJwap uREkfyfxuft&mcyfodrf;wGif ]cRef}aomoljzpfaMumif; uREkfyft<uif;rJh,HkMunfNyD; jzpfonf/

xkdYaMumihf oluJhodkYaom yk*¾dKvfrsdK;\vufatmufwGif trIxrf;jzpf&jcif;udk uREkfyfvHk;0ESpfoufoabmusrdavonf/ uREkfyf\rif;BuD;onf wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif uREkfyf\a&mif;&if;jzpfaeonfhtwGufvnf; twdkif;rodMunfEl;rd\/

0efBuD;t&mudk &onfhaeYrSpí olYrSm udk,fydkif tm;csdef[lí r&Sdawmhoavmufyif BuD;rm;aomtrIawmfudk xrf;cJh&onf/ a&Teef;awmfrS ppfa&;twGuf aqG;aEG;wdkifyif&ef nDvmcHqihfac:csdefrSmvnf; tcsdefowfowfrSwfrSwf r&Sdawmh/ olYrSma&SUawmfarSmufodkY 0if&? nDvmcHwuf&? wyfrrsm;twGuf pDrHcefYcGJ&ESihf tem;,lcsdefyif r&awmhay/odkYaomf olYtoGifrSmrl r[mork'´&mwdkYrnfonfrnfrQyif cyf,laomfjim;vnf; avsmhenf;,dk,Gif;


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïìëïìëïìëïìëïìë


oGm;onf[k r&Sdovdk EGrf;e,fyifyef;jcif; tvQif;rawGU&/ tNrJwap wuf<uEdk;Mum;aeacsonf/

uREkfyfudk,fwdkifrSmvnf; olESihfvufyGef;wwD;aevm&onfESihftrQ wjznf;jznf; t&nftaoG;wdk;jrif hvmayonf/ ae\tvif;ESif htylaiGUudkaomufoHk;í aumif;pGmcdkifzD;BuD;xGm;vmaomyef;yGifhwpfyGifhESihf tvm;wlonf[k qdk&awmhrnf/

olYwefcdk;owådrsm;u uREkfyf\ ESvHk;tdrftwGif;odkY ulysHUpD;qif;vmMuonf/

ae&mrsm;pGmwGif olYtawG;? olYt,ltq\xuf0ufrQaom tpdwftydkif;txd uREkfyfvnf;awG;awm qifjcifwwfvmonf/

jr0wD0efBuD;r[moD[ol&u olYudk vjynfh0ef;[k wifpm;í uREkfyfudk "l0HMu,f[k yrmwifpm;ajymqdkzl;\/

aw;uAsmvuFmüuRrf;usifvSaom 0efBuD;r[moD[ol&\ yrmyHkcdkif;EdIif;,SOfjycsufudk uREfkyfrsm;pGm oabmusrdavonf/

odkYaomf...vjynhf0ef;? "l0HMu,fESihf tjcm;


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïìêïìêïìêïìêïìê


Mu,feu©wfrsm;onf tajymus,faom aumif;uifwpfcGifü vGwfvyfjrL;aysmfpGm rvif;csif;EdkifaMumif;?xdkvjynhf0ef;ESihf Mu,feu©wfwdkYtay:odkY rnf;npfaom wdrfpdkifwdrfcJwdkYu txyfxyf? tvTmvTmqdkYqdkif;tkyfrdk;vmMuaMumif;udk uEfkyfBuHKcJh&awmhonf/

À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïìéïìéïìéïìéïìé


2xdknOfhonf uREkfyf\todÚmPfA[kokw

wHcg;wpfcsyfudk zGifhvSpfvdkufaom nOfhjzpfonf/pHtdrfawmfodkY olnOfheufrS jyefa&mufonf/olYZeD; &Sifrif;bl;rSm bk&m;aqmif0ifí

t"dXmef ykwDpdyfaeNyDjzpfonf/ olYom;i,f armifusef;BuD;udkvnf; uREkfyfudk,fwdkifacsmhodyfí puf&modkY ydkYcJhNyD;jzpfonf/

a&Teef;awmifrS tac:&SdonfqdkNyD; olnaeapmif;uwnf;u pHtdrfrSxGufoGm;cJhonf/ oljyefa&mufcsdefwGif aejynfawmfonf tdyfarmusaeayNyD/

0if;rª;ESifh tdyfzefrª;wdkY vmajymojzifhuREkfyfpHtdrfawmf 0if;wHcg;txdxGufí olYudkBudKonf/

rD;a&mifatmufwGif olESifhtjcm;vlESpfOD;udk


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïìèïìèïìèïìèïìè


yg awGUvdkuf&onf/wpfa,mufrSm uREkfyf&if;ESD;NyD;om; jr0wD

0efBuD; r[moD[ol&jzpfonf/ usefwpfa,mufudkrl uREfkyfwpfcgrQ rjrifbl;acs/ odkYaomf taqmifta,mifrSm NrdKU0efwpfa,mufjzpfaMumif; odvdkufavonf/

{nfhonfESpfa,mufudk olu...pHtdrfawmftwGif;xdac:vmcJhonf/

olwdkYtm;vHk; wdwfqdwfpGm&SdMuojzifh ta&;BuD;aom udpöwpf&yf&yfudk wdkifyifaqG;aEG;MurnfjzpfaMumif; uREkfyfem;vnfvdkufonf/

unifqDrD;wdkifrsm;tm;vHk;ud k uREk fyfudk,fwdkif xGef;n§dvdkufaomaMumihf cefraqmiftwGif; tvif;a&mifaumif;pGm &&SdoGm;onf/ olwdkYoHk;OD;pvHk; a&Ta&;cspm;yGJwGif oHk;yGifhqdkif 0ifxdkifvdkufMuonf/

]]udk&ifvJxdkifyg}}oluajymojzifh olESifhrsufESmcsif;qdkif

wpfbufxdyfcHkwGif uREkfyf0ifxkdifvdkufonf/ tm;vHk;


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïìçïìçïìçïìçïìç


xdkifrdMutNyD;wGif olu euf½dIif;aomtoHjzifhpajymvmonf/

]]rif;BuD; r[mausmfpGmu pajymyg? rif;BuD;aemufqHk;ydkYvdkufwJh o0Pfudk tjynfhtpHkodcsifw,f}}

NrdKU0ef taqmifta,mifjzifh yk*¾dKvfudk uREkfyfvSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/ rif;BuD;r[mausmfpGm[laombGJU&NrdKU0ef\trnfudk uREfkyfMum;zl;aeonf/ndKaomtom;ta&mif&SdNyD; t&yftarmif; jrifhrm;vSoljzpfonf/

xdkolu...]]usKyf pmESpfapmifydkYcJhw,f/ 'kwd,pmudkyJ

ajyawmhr,f? 'kwd,pmu tdE´d, bk&ifcHcsKyfqDwdkuf½dkufydkYcJhwmyJ...}}

olYpum;oHrSm 0Jaeonf/0JaomtoHudk Mum;vdkuf&rSyif olonf

tvGefwdusjywfom; wif;rmol[k emrnfBuD;aom"n0wDNrdKU0ef jzpfaMumif; uREkfyftajz&oGm;avonf/

"n0wDNrdKU0ef? jr0wD0efBuD;wdkYESifh nOfheuf


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïëðïëðïëðïëðïëð


oef;acgif aqG;aEG;wdkifyifonf qdkuwnf;uonfta&;onf &ckdifta&;/ odkYqdkvQif onfta&;onf NAdwdoQta&; jzpfaMumif;? uREkfyf csufcsif;qufpyf em;vnfvdkufayawmhonf/

"n0wDNrdKU0efu tHBudwfvsufqdkavonf/]]&SifrjzLuRef;udk cHwyfjyifaqmuf&if 'uúm;

NrdKU? rl&SD'gbwfNrdKUawGudk usKyfwdkY wdkuf,l&vdrfhr,fjzpfwJhtaMumif; 'DNrdKUawG[m a&S;rlvuwnf;u &cdkifbk&ifawGydkifqdkifcJhaMumif; 'Da'oawGrSm &ckdifapwDykxdk;awG &SdaeaMumif; bk&ifcHcsKyfqDudk usKyfpmydkYvdkufw,f}}

]]olYqDu taMumif;jyefcsufu...}}jr0wD0efBuD;u ar;onf/

]]olwdkY qwfqwfcg emoGm;Muwmaygh0efBuD;?avmh'f[rf;[wfu &ef*yleJYpDv[wfrSm&SdwJh ppfwyfawGudk tiftm;xyfjznhfNyD; wyfvSefYxm;apvdkufw,fav}}

]]oif;wdkY rsufESmjzLAdkvfrª;BuD; rufc&DOD;pD;vmwJh wyfrBuD;qdkwmuaum}}


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïëïïëïïëïïëïïëï


jr0wD0efBuD;\ar;cGef;udk "n0wDNrdKU0efuacgif;,rf;í ajzjyefonf/

]]bk&ifcHcsKyfqD usKyfo0PfydkYvdkufw,fqdkwmod&awmh wyfrBuD;csDzdkYtrdefYudk olwdkYbmomolwdkYjyef½kwfodrf;NyD; ppfwaumif;rSmyJ ppfAm&DwyfpG,fwpfck csxm;vdkufMuw,f}}

]]&SifrjzLuRef;ay:rSmaum NrdKU0efrif;}}]]usKyfwdkYwyfawGpGJxm;wkef;yJ? wyfqufpGJ

xm;&rvm;? jyefEkwfrvm; odcsifvdkY rif;w&m;qDtrdefYawmf,lzdkY usKyfvmwm? 'Dn nDvmcHrSm'Dta&;rjywfom;ao;awmh usKyfpdwfxJ rwifrus jzpfaew,f}}

"n0wDNrdKU0efum; yGifhyGifhvif;vif;orm;jzpf[ef wlayonf/ olYudkMunfh&onfrSm tu,fía&Teef;awmfu olYtm; ta&;t&mukefom vTJtyfygu tdEd,txd csDwufwdkufcdkufrnfholrsdK;jzpfonf/

]]avmh'ftrf;[wfuaum ,HkMunfEdkifp&m&SdwJh t&m&Sdwpfa,mufvdkY cifAsm;xifovm;NrdKU0efrif;}} NrdKU0efrif;u pm;yGJudkvuf0g;jzifhhcyfjyif;


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïëîïëîïëîïëîïëî


jyif;ykwfí...]][m... 'DrsufESmjzLawGudk wpfa,mufrS

usKyfr,Hkbl;rif;BuD;? olwdkY[m trdefYtrsdK;rsdK; xkwfNyD;vkyfcsifovdk vkyfaeMuwmyJ? olwdkY[m ½l;oGyfaeMuwJhppfrdpämaumifawG}}

þwGif wpfcsdefvHk; NidrfoufaecJhaomrif;BuD;r[mAE¨Kv\toHu wnfNidrfat;aq;pGm0ifajymvdkufavonf/

]]NAdwdoQawG[m ½l;oGyfaeolawG r[kwfbl;/y&rf;ywm trdefYawGudk wpfrsdK;NyD;wpfrsdK;xkwfaewmvJr[kwfbl;/ olwdkY[m wpfckwnf;aom &nf&G,fcsufvrf;twdkif; wa&GUa&GUavQmufvm&if;eJY 'Dvrf;ay:rSm usKyfwdkYpdwfuoduatmufjzpfatmif y&d,m,ftrsdK;rsdK;udk xkwfoHk;aeMuwm}}

]]'Dvdkqdk&if avmh'ftrf;[wfu olYvlwufcewfNrdKU wm0efcHAdkvfudk bmaMumifh&mxl;u xkwfypfvdkufovJ rif;BuD;/ NyD;awmh ppfwaumif;ta&;ydkifudkvJ usKyfwdkYtaMumif; raumif;owif; wrifvkyfBuHNyD; ydkYw,fqdkNyD;? owday;wmuaumolwdkY[m


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïëíïëíïëíïëíïëí


txufatmuf t&m&Sdtcsif;csif;awGMum;rSmyJ rnDrñGwfeJY ½IyfaxG;aeMuwm r[kwfbl;vm;}}

"n0wDNrdKU0efu rausrcsrf; a&&Gwfaeavonf/ rif;BuD;r[mAEKvu pm;yGJay:odkY vufESpfzufudk wifNyD; -

]]usKyfwdkY 'D&SifrjzLuRef;ta&;udk rlvueD;upNyD; jyefoHk;oyfMu&atmif}}

&SifrjzLuRef;ta&;ESihf ywfoufí uREkfyfodxm;NyD;om;jzpfaomfvnf; ,ckvdk olYxHrStao;pdwf rMum;&ao;ojzihf pdwf0ifpm;rdonf/

a'go? wuf<ujcif;? rcHr&yfEdkifjzpfjcif;paom a0'em cHpm;rIrsm; rygonfhavoHjzihf olat;aq;pGm pwif ajymqdkavonf/

]]&SifrjzLuRef;[m ppfwaumif;eJYewfjr0Mum;rSm&Sdw,fqdkwm usKyfwdkYtm;vHk; odNyD;om;/ajryHkcsyfudkjyefMunfhr,fqdk&ifawmh &SifrjzLuRef;[m ewfjrpf0e,frSm wnfw,f/ odkYaomf ewfjrpf0[m ppfwaumif;e,fxJrSmygw,f/ ppfwaumif;e,fu olwdkYydkifeufjzpfvdkY &SifrjzLuRef;udkvnf; olwdkYydkifw,fvdkY


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïëìïëìïëìïëìïëì


NAdwdoQawGu aumufcsufqGJjyw,f? [kwfvm;}}olYpum;ü oabmnD[efjzifh tm;vHk; Nidrf

oufaeMuonf/]]pifppfrawmh a&S;twDawuwnf;u&Sif

rjzLuRef;[m &cdkifbk&ifawG&JU tmPmpufatmufrSm&SdwJh ydkifeufa'oyJ/ &cdkifjynf[m ArmjynfeJY ESpfjynfhwpfjynf a&Tvrf;aiGvrf;azmuf? xD;jzLbkef;&dyfwpfckwnf;atmufrSm twlwuG&SdMuwmrdkY? &SifrjzLuRef;[m usKyfwdkY&JUa'oqdkwm xif&Sm;NyD;jzpfw,f/'gudkodvsufeJY olwdkYu olwdkYydkifw,fvdkY ZGwft"r®0ifajymwmyJ}}

]][kwfw,fav/ vGefcJhwJhtESpf ESpfq,fwkef;uqdkvm;? &SifrjzLuRef;udk olwdkYu *&efajrtjzpftiSm;csay;zl;owJh}}

jr0wD0efBuD;u 0ifaxmufavonf/oluacgif;ndwfí...

]]'g[m&rnf&Sm ,dk;rnfzGJUwJh pum;tao;tzGJyJudkp? bmyJjzpfjzpf olwdkYtaMumif;jycsufeJYolwdkYwydkYwGJvxJrSm uRef;ay: wufodrf;vdkufw,f


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïëëïëëïëëïëëïëë


r[kwfvm;}}]]rif;w&m;trdefYawmft& tdEd,bk&ifcHcsKyf

qDudk olwdkYwyfawG uRef;ay:uz,fay;zdkY usKyfuefYuGufjiif;qdkpmwpfapmif a&;ydk YcJhw,fav?'gayr,fh uif;wyfudk a&TUray;vdkY tiftm;wpfaxmifeJYoif;wdkYudk armif;xkwfvdkufcJh&NyDaum? 'DppfyGJudkrif;BuD;r[mAE¨Kvudk,fwkdif aoe*F pDrHa&;qGJapvTwfvdkufwmaum}}

"n0wDNrdKU0efrSm a'got&SdefaMumifh pum;txpfxpf? taighaighjzpfaeonf/ oluNrdKU0efudkpl;&SpGm vSrf;MunfhvdkufNyD;...

]]NrdKU0efrif;... acgif;at;at; xm;NyD;usKyfwdkY pOf;pm;ajymqdkMu&atmif}}

olYowday;oHü wefcdk;tiftm; tjynfht0ygavaomaMumifh NrdKU0efonf qlyGufaeaom olYa'goudk xdef;odrf;&ef owdw&BudK;pm;aeavonf/

]]ppfa&;qdkif&mAsL[mt& usKyfwdkYMunfhMu&atmif? udkpa&m NrdKU0efrif;yg jrifa,mifMunfhMuyg?&SifrjzLuRef;[m &cdkifjynf&JU rsufESmpmwHcg;ayguf


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïëêïëêïëêïëêïëê


jzpfaeNyD; ucsme,fu aemufaz;aygufjzpfaew,f?usKyfwdkYta&;xm;p&m wHcg;ESpfayguf&Sdaew,f?ucsme,fudkvJ usKyfwdkYowdvGwfvdkYrjzpfbl;?NAdwdoQ[m ucsme,feJYywfoufNyD; r0ifEdkifbl;qdkwmodw,f/ &SifrjzLuRef;udkyJ olwdkY taMumif;trsdK;rsdK;jyNyD; xdyg;Edkifw,f/ &SifrjzLuRef;[m &ckdifjynf&JUwHcg;aygufjzpfovdk &cdkifjynf[mvJ usKyfwdkYEdkifiHawmf&JU wHcg;aygufjzpfw,f? 'DwHcg;ayguftxdcsOf;uyf0ifEdkifp&m vrf;[m a&vrf;a&aMumif;yJ}}

olYpum; wdus&Sif;vif;vSbdjcif;/]NrdKU0efrif;...tck olwdkYqDu wHkYjyefcsuf

awGudk wpfckpD jyefMunhfprf;? uRef;ay:rSm usKyfwdkYwyfzGJUr&Sdcdkuf ajcmufaygif'g tajrmufESpfvufygwJhwyfzGJUESpfckvTwfNyD; wufodrf;w,f? e,ferdwfta&;aqG;aEG;yGJrSm cifAsm;vTwfvdkufwJh ppfoHrsm;u uRef;udkMum;aea'oxm;zdkY ajymayr,fh Mum;aea'orxm;Edkifbl;vdkY olwdkYu jiif;qdkw,f/ aemufwpfcgjymodkvxJwkef;u cifAsm;wyfawG uRef;ay:wufodrf;NyD; a'gif;tvHpdkufvdkufcsdefrSm ppfwpfaumif;NrdKU0efu


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïëéïëéïëéïëéïëé


cifAsm;eJY aqG;aEG;yg&apvdkY pum;urf;jyefw,f/tJ'DtcsdefrSmyJ uRef;&JUta&SUajrmufbuf yifv,fxJrSmppfoabFm tajrmufwyfoabFmawGeJYolwdkYae&m,ljyefw,f/ 'DvdkwpfqifhNyD;wpfqifh trsdK;rsdK;½IyfaxG;aewJh tjyKtrlawG&JUaemufuG,frSm tdE´d,bk&ifcHcsKyfavmh'ftrf;[wf&,f? ppfwaumif;NrdKU0ef&,f?olwdkYaoemywdcsKyf tuf'0rfay;*suf&,f olwdkYoHk;OD;pvHk;&JU tBuHtpnf[m wpfckwnf;jzpfw,f}}

]]usKyfwdkYudk wdkufcsifvdkY...'gyJ}}jr0wD0efBuD;u vnfacsmif;oHBuD;jzifh

rSwfcsufcsonf/]]rSefw,f?aoemywdcsKyf tuf'0rfay;*suf

&JU ae&muae usKyfpOf;pm;Munfhvkdufw,f/ArmjynfudkwdkufzdkY Munf;aMumif;csDr,fqdk,if awmawmifacsmif;ajrmif;? tif;tdkifxlwJh a'ojzpfwJhtwGufMunf;aMumif;csDwufa&;[m t½HI;udkzdwfac:wmyJ/t"dueJY wpfckwnf;aom ppfqifETJa&;vrf;aMumif;[ma&aMumif;yJ? 'DvdkyJtajzxGufw,f? oif;wdkY[mz&efppfawGtay:rSmvJ a&aMumif;wdkufyGJqifETJNyD;tEdkif


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïëèïëèïëèïëèïëè


&xm;olawG jzpfw,f/ olwdkYa&aMumif;udk A[dkxm;NyD; usKyfwdkYudk usL;ausmfvdrfhr,f}}

]]rif;BuD;... usKyfwdkY bmvkyf&rvJ...}}"n0wDNrdKU0efu vufoD;uspfuspfygatmif

qkyfí ar;onf/oluNrdKU0ef\ tar;udkrajzbJ uREfkyfudkvSrf;

Munfhonf/ yk&ydkufay:rSpmvHk;rsm;udk zwf&bdouJhodkY olYrsufESmay:rS t"dyÜg,ftvHk;pHkudk uREkfyf&Sif;vif;pGm awGUjrifvdkuf&onf/ olYudk,fpm; uREfkyf0ifajzEdkifNyD[kvnf; em;vnfvdkufonf/ NrdKU0efudkuREkfyf rsufESmcsif;qkdifNyD;...

]]rif;BuD;r[mAEKvudk,fwdkif ewfjrpf0udkvmygvdrfhr,f NrdKU0efrif;}}

uREkfyf\tajzudk olu pum;wpfcGef;jzifhjznfhpGufvkdufonf/

]]jr0wD0efBuD;vJ ygvmvdrfhr,f}}

À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïëçïëçïëçïëçïëç


3]a&G;vl} ajcmufaxmifudk wyfr trmcH

tiftm;tjzpf oludk,fwkdif pdppfa&G;cs,fonf/rif;w&m; a&SUawmfarSmuf ppfa&;jyobif

NyD;qHk;onfESihf rqdkif;rwGyif uREkfyfwdkY {&m0wDudka&Tcsxm;aom wdkufavSrsm;jzifh jzwful;um ppfudkif;bufurf;odkY wyfcsDcJhonf/

wefaqmifrkef;vxJwGif uREkfyfwdkY pvif;qifjzLuRef;NrdKUodkY a&mufonf/ wpf&ufrQomqifjzLuRef;NrdKUwGif wyfpGJcJhNyD; "n0wDodkY qufcsDcJhMuonf/

"n0wDNrdKU0ef? 'Gm&0wDNrdKU0ef? arCm0wDNrdKU0efwdkY\ pkpkaygif;ESpfaxmifhig;&mtiftm;&Sdaomwyfrsm;ukd a&SUumwyftjzpf vnf;aumif;...


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïêðïêðïêðïêðïêð


vuf0JppfuJ AdkvfcsKyftjzpf jr0wD0efBuD;r[moD[ol&OD;pD;onfh tiftm;ig;axmif&Sdwyfrsm;udk a&SUajy;csDwyftjzpf vnf;aumif;.../

oludk,fwdkifOD;pD;í qifig;q,f? jrif;ig;&m?ol&Jwpfaomif; yg0ifvsuf "n0wDaMumif;csDyifrwyftjzpfjzifhvnf;aumif;?wyfrsm;cGJa0csDwufcJhMuavonf/

a*:awmhyv �ifta&mufwGif jr0wD0efBuD;r[moD[ol&udk yef;0godkY csDwufoGm;&efoltrdefYay;vdkufonf/ olYtrdefYt& jr0wDOD;ponfupäye'Dyifv,f0wpfbuf OD;&ifawmifbk&m;teD; pum;awmifwGif tcdkiftrmwyfpGJxm;vdkufonf/

uREfkyfwdkYwyfrsm; a&mufaeNyDudk odonfESifhyef;0gwGif wyfpGJxm;aom NAdwdoQwyfrsm;onfa*:awmhyv�ifcHuwkwfrS qD;BudKwdkufcdkufMuonf/

odkYaomf... rif;BuD;r[mAE¨Kv\ tpDtrHt& awmifukef;i,frsm;xufwGif cHuwkwfrsm;aqmufvkyfxm;NyD;jzpfaom uREkfyfwdkYu NAdwdoQwyfrsm;udk tjyif;txef wkdufcdkufypfvdkufEdkifMuav


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïêïïêïïêïïêïïêï


onf/&efolrsm;nwGif;csif;yif yef;0godkY jyefqkwf

oGm;&onf/&efolYwyf tBuD;tuJrSm wdkufa&;cdkufa&;

wGif pepfwus&SdvSonf[k olwdkYwyfrsm;rSm emrnfBuD;vSaom Adkvfaemfwifqdkol jzpfavonf/

uREkfyfwdkYtwGufyxrqHk;wdkufyGJESifhyxrqHk;atmifyGJaywnf;/

Adkvfaemfwifonf yef;0godkY qkwfoGm;NyD;aemuf ppfwaumif;odkY ppfulawmif;vdrfhrnf[krif;BuD;r[mAE¨Kvu BudKwifwGufcsuf cefYrSef;cJhonf/ olum; ppfrIa&;&mESihfqdkifaom yka&m[dwfBuD;wpfOD;vnf; jzpfacsonf/

olYcefYrSef;csuftwkdif; jzpfvmcJhonf/uREkfyfwdkYa*:awmhyv�ifrS yef;0godkY qufcsD

oGm;NyD; yef;0gta&SUbufjrpfurf;&Sd awmifukef;rsm;udkodrf;ydkufwyfpGJvdkufcsdefwGif Adkvfaemfwifvnf; ppful&aeNyDjzpfonf/

jrpfudkjzwful;&ef BudK;pm;aomfvnf; olwdkY\


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïêîïêîïêîïêîïêî


ajcmufaygif'gtajrmufusnfrsm; ajzmajzmusvmwwfojzifh uREkfyfwdkYjrpfnmbufodkY csDNyD;rS&efolwyfrsm;udk 0dkif;&Hwnf&Sdaeonfh uefabmuf½dk;wpfavQmufodkY wyfpGJvdkufMuonf/

olwdkY\ tajrmufwyfpcef;udk OD;pGm NzdKcGif;&rnf[k olutrdefYxkwfum uefabmufodkYteD;uyfqHk;jzpfatmif uwkwfusif;rsm; wa&GUa&GUwl;íuREkfyfwdkY csnf;uyfoGm;Muonf/ &efolYtajrmufrsm;tcsnf;ESD;jzpfoGm;awmhonf/

uefabmif½dk;wdkufyGJrsm;udk wpf&ufvHk;vHk;wyfzGJUwpfckpD?wpfckpD tvSnfhuswdkufcdkufNyD;aemufwGif &efolrsm;onf tajrmufpcef;udk pGefYcGmxGufajy; oGm;Muawmhonf/

tiftm;av;axmif&Sdaom &efolYwyfudkuREkfyfwdkY\wyfrsm;u &mcsDaomwyfzGJ trsm;tjym;jzifh t&yfoHk;rsufESmrS 0dkif;0ef;ydwfqdkY wkdufcdkufMujcif;jzpf&m olwdkY rcHEdkifawmh/

emrnfBuD;vSaom olwdkY\aoewfwyfrrsm;xJodkY oludk,fwkdif jrif;ESihftjyif;0ifí xdk;cdkufav&m


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïêíïêíïêíïêíïêí


&efolwdkY tustqHk;rsm;jym;pGmjzifh upOfhuvsm;qkwfcGmMu&avonf/

Adkvfaemfwif 'Pf&mtBuD;tus,f &NyD;aemuf olYae&mudk vTJajymif;wm0ef,l OD;pD;onfhAdkvfx½l;rif;qdkolvnf; uREkfyfwdkY\ jrif;wyfom;rsm;"m;atmufwGif usqHk;oGm;avonf/

wyfa&;ppfuJrsm;\ owif;ydkYcsufrsm;udkMum;em&if; yef;0g&Sd NAdwdoQwyfpGJ&m ausmufwHk;twdNyD;aom &JwdkufpBuøwGif vufydkufí rwfwyf&yfvdkufaom ol\crf;em;xnf0gvGef;onfh aoemywd£aÈ´rSm uREkfyfrsufpdxJrS rxGufawmh/

olYa&SUwGif oHkYtjzpf&vdkufaom NAdwdoQppfAdkvfpaumhESihf uif;bJwdkYonf 'l;axmuf&if;aoG;qkwfjzLa&mfaom rsufESmjzihf xdwfvefYaeMuonf/ 'Pf&m&rxm;aom NAdwdoQAdkvf pwefvDb½kuvnf; olYudktxyfxyftcgcg tav;jyKaeonf/olYab;wGif &yfaeaom uREkfyftzdkYrlum; þjrifuGif;onf awG;rdwdkif; MuufoD;arG;nif; jzef;jzef;xonftxd *kPf,l0rf;ajrmufp&maumif;vSayaom


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïêìïêìïêìïêìïêì


jrifuGif;aywnf;/uREfkyfo0Pfa&;&ef toifhjyifvdkufonf/]]rif;w&m;qDydkzdkY o0Pfa&;yg}}]]toifhyg...rif;BuD;}}]]&efoloHk;&mausmf Adkvfaemfwif? Adkvfx½l;

rif;? Adkvfy&if;*J?Adkvf*&pf?Adkvfbif;euf?orm;Adkvfar;prdk;?tBuD;tuJAdkvfajcmufa,mufusqHk;/paumh?uif;bJ?pwefvDb½k AdkvfoHk;a,mufukdoHkY&&Sd?ppfom;ESpf&mhig;q,fausmf oHkY&&Sd? aoewfig;&mausmf?&xm;wif tajrmufBuD;ESpf?jrif;ESpfq,f? qif ig;pD;odrf;ydkufrdaMumif;}}

]]&ygNyD... rif;BuD;}}]]yef;0gppfrSm trIawmfudk &Gyf&GyfcRHcRH pGrf;

aqmifcJhMuwJh ppfrª;awGudkvJ o0PfrSmxnfhyg?ausmfola&Tawmif aemf&xm?ol&tmum?bk&ifoD[aemf&xm? &efatmifoD[aemf&xm? aersdK;*kPÖ&wf}}

us,fjyefY½IyfaxG;vSaom ppfa&;aoe*FBuD;wpfckvHk;udk pDpOftkyfcsKyfaeonfhMum;rSmyif &efolESifhoufqdkifonfh tao;pdwf tcsuftvufrsm;?rdrd\


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïêëïêëïêëïêëïêë


wyfrawmfom;rsm;ESihf oufqdkifonfh twdtusjzpf&yfrsm;udk rarhravsmh odem;vnfxm;aomolYt&nftaoG;um; uREkfyftzdkY av;pm;í rukefEdkifaom t&nftaoG;yifwnf;/

uREkfyfudk aejynfawmfodkYydk&ef o0PftaMumif; trdefYay;NyD;aemuf olua&SUwGif tav;jyKaeqJjzpfaom AdkvfpwefvDb½kudk pdkufMunfhvdkufNyD;...

]]pwefvDb½k... rif;jrefrmpum; ajymwwfw,f r[kwfvm;}}

rsufvHk;rsm; 0dkifoGm;onftxd NAdwdoQAdkvftHhMooGm;onf/

]]ig trdefYay;wmawGudk em;axmifaewJhrif;rsufvHk;awG[m rif;...jrefrmpum;wwfaMumif; azmfjyaew,f}}

qHyifeDeD? tom;ta&eDeDESifh ajcwH vufwH&Snfvsm;aom NAdwdoQAdkvfonf olYa&SUodkY'l;axmufcsvdkufav\/

]]rif;[m... bk&ifcHcsKyf&JU vl,Hkawmf


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïêêïêêïêêïêêïêê


ppfAdkvfjzpfwJhtaMumif;? 'Dyef;0gwdkufyGJudk rif;a&mufvmjcif;[m ppfwdkufzdkYxuf igwdkY&JU ppfa&;owif;udkaxmufvSrf;zdkY t"duwm0efeJYvmaMumif;...igodNyD; jzpfw,f? tck rif;...igh&JU oHkYyef;? igwdkYtaMumif;udkawmh rif;bmrS odcGifhr&Sdawmhbl;? rif;&JUbk&ifcHcsKyfqDudkvJ rif;bmrStaMumif;Mum;cGifhr&Sdawmhbl;... em;vnfvm;}}

NAdwdoQAdkvfonf ausmufwHk;rsm;cif;xm;aom pBuøvrf;ajrjyifESihf ezl;xdvkrwwfrsufESmudkidkufcsum...

]]uREkfyfudkcGifhvTwfyg? uREkfyfudkcGihfvTwfyg}}[k ryDroajymaeonf/

]]igar;wmudk... rif;ajzprf;}}olYtoHrSm yuwdat;pufwif;rmaeNyD;

aMumufp&maumif;aeonf/]]rif;&JUbk&ifcHcsKyf[m wdkY wdkif;jynfudk

usL;ausmf0ifa&muf wdkufcdkufodrf;ydkufEdkifzdkYtxdtpDtpOfawG csxm;NyD;NyD r[kwfvm;...}}

pwefvDb½k acgif;razmfacs/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïêéïêéïêéïêéïêé


]]ajzprf;...pwefvDb½k? rif;wdkY&JUppfa&;&nf&G,fcsuf[m yef;0gr[kwfbl;? {&m0wDjrpfaMumif;rSm avSoabFmcsDNyD; aejynfawmfudk vkyfBuHzdk Yr[kwfvm;...}}

"m;vSHaoewfaygif; ajrmufjrm;pGmjzifh 0dkif;0ef; csdef&G,fí ppfaq;onfurS olYtar;pum;oHxufydkí oufomzG,f&Sdayrnf[k uREkfyfxifrdonf/olYtoH? olYtMunfhum;...rD;vQHajcmif;ajcmif;vTwfaom e*g;wpfaumifyrmES,fwnf;/

]]pwefvDb½k}}[def;íxGufvmaomolYtoHudk NAdwdoQAdkvf

rcHEdkifawmh? &J&JeDaom? odkYaomf tcdk;taiGU vHk;0r&Sdawmhaom rsufvHk;BuD;rsm;udk vSefíMunfhumwHawG;udk twefwefrsdKvsuf pwefvDb½k txpfxpftaighaigh ajzavonf/

]][kwf...[kwfygw,f? AdkvfcsKyfBuD;cifAsm;}}

À À À


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïêèïêèïêèïêèïêè


¬½»ºå øé÷1

a&;ae&if;rS uREkfyf\unpfonf ayay:wGif wHkYqdkif;oGm;onf/

tjcm; wyfrif;? ppfuJrsm;uvnf; olYudk0dkifMunfhaeMuonf/

jr0wD0efBuD; r[moD[ol&u rsufarSmifMuKwfaeonf/

]]qufa&;yg AdkvfaersdK;&Jacgifausmf...}}olYtrdefYtwdkif; rif;w&m;BuD;xH ydkYrnfh

o0PfayvTmay:odkY uREkfyfunpfoGm;udkwifvdkuf&onf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïêçïêçïêçïêçïêç


]]...þodkY ppfwaumif;? yef;0gwdkYudkuRefawmfrsdK;wdkY wdkufckdufatmifjrif ta&;awmfvSaomfvnf; rsufESmjzLwdkYonf NidrfoufaeMuvdrfhrnfr[kwfyg/ [Hom0wDESihf'*Hkudk yifv,fa&aMumif;rSxdyg;aESmihf,Suf&ef&Sdygonf/ [Hom0wDwGifvuf½Hk;ESvHk;jynhfpHkol rª;BuD;rwfBuD;wdkY toifhpDrHí&yfaetyfygaMumif; a&Tz0g;awmfatmuf wifavQmufygonf}}

o0Pfudk tNyD;owfí teD;&Sdem;cHwpfOD;xHay;vdkufonf/

0efBuD;OD;pu o0PftaMumif; bmrSrajymawmhbJ oufjyif;csvsuf tjcm;ar;cGef;wpfckudkajymif;vdkufavonf/

]]ppfwaumif;udk qufcsDzdk Yta&;aumAdkvfcsKyf}}

]]ppfwaumif;udk rodrf;eJY?'gayr,fhewfjrpfw0kdufrSm olwdkYtiftm; xyfcsxm;Edkifw,f/ teD;wpf0dkufa'orSm &efoludk awGU&ifawmh awGUorQae&mrSmwdkufNyD; vufeufawGudk odrf;yg? yef;0grSmwyftcdkifpGJNyD; rdk;wGif;umvrSm &yfaeyg? 'D ta&;


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïéðïéðïéðïéðïéð


twGuf udkpudkyJ usKyfta&;ukef vTJvdkufr,f}}]]aumif;NyD AdkvfcsKyf}}]]rdk;wGif;umvrSm qefpyg;&du©m pkaqmif;

odkavSmif &yfae&if;eJYvJ udkp aw;vuFma&;csdef&oGm;wmaygh...}}

jr0wD0efBuD;u NyHK;NyD;...]]tif;...ppfcsDarmfuGef;awGcsnf; a&;zGJUjzpf

vdrfhr,fxifw,f}}[kajymvdkuf&mwyfrif;rsm;&,fMuavonf/

wyfrif;? ppfuJrsm; jyefoGm;MuNyD;aemufuREkfyfonf ratmifhtnf;Edkifawmhojzifh olYudkzGifhar;&avawmhonf/

]]rif;BuD;? usKyfwdkYyef;0grSm ta&;ukefvS&JUom;eJY bmaMumihfppfwaumif;txd qufrodrf;wmvJ? tckqdk&if 'uúm;?umvuwåm;txd csDvdkY&aeNyDr[kwfvm;}}

oluuREkfyfudk NyHK;í vufarmif;udkqkyfudkifonf/

]]udk&if odyfppfaoG;wuf<uaevdkY'Dvdkajym


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïéïïéïïéïïéïïéï


wmjzpfrSmyg? acgif;at;at;xm; pOf;pm;av?vluRHwmxuf EIwfuRHwmu ydkqdk;w,fr[kwfvm;?EIwfuRHwmxuf wyfuRHoGm;wmu tqdk;qHk;yJ?b*Fvm;NrdKUawGxJudk usKyfwdkYwyfawG a&mufae&if'*HkeYJ[Hom0wDNrdKUawG[m pnf;½dk;rJhwJh tdrfawGvdk jzpfoGm;rSmaygh?olwdkYppfoabFmawG tvHk;t&if; BuD;w,fqdkwmudkvJrareJYav...}}

uREkfyfrauseyfEdkifao;/ &efvdkaom NAdwdoQwdkYtm; ,ckvdk tompD;&aecsdefwGif twGif;tjyiftukeftpifwdkufcdkuf ESifxkwfypfvdkufjcif;onfomtaumif;qHk;[k xifrdonf/

]]&efolYtiftm;udk usKyfodxm;NyD;NyDudk&if?tmcsDuif;bJqdkwJh AdkvfcsKyfOD;pD;wJh wyfawG[ma&aMumif;wyfawGcsnf;yJ?a[m'DrSm Munfh? 'g...yef;0goHkYyef; rsufESmjzLAdkvfawGudk ppfar;NyD; &cJhwJhtcsufawGeJY usKyfwdkY&JU taxmufawmfawG pHkprf;&cJhwJh tcsufawGudk pkaygif;tajzxkwfxm;wJhpm&if;yJ}}

NAdwdoQrsm;toHk;jyKonfh jzLvGaom0g;puúL


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïéîïéîïéîïéîïéî


wpf&Guf? rnf;eufaom pmvHk;rsm;rSm.../]]AdkvfcsKyfarm&pfqif? AdkvfcsKyftmcsDuif;bJ?

Adkvfrª;csKyf rufu&d tkyfcsKyfonfh wyfrBuD;oHk;wyf/trSwfq,fhoHk;ESpfq,hfav; &J*sD;rifhwyfrsm;? bk&if{u&mZf\ trSwfav;q,fhwpfESifh &Spfq,fhudk;&J*sD;rifhwyfrsm;? b*Fvm;wyftiftm;ESifhaygif;aomfpkpkaygif; wyfom;wpfaomif; wpfaxmihfig;&m/tajrmufwif oabFmESpfq,f? ydkYaqmifoabFmESpfq,fhav;? t&G,ftpm;trsdK;rsdK; tajrmufav;q,fh&Spf...}}

BuD;rm;vSaom tvHk;t&if;ayyif/]]qufzwftHk; udk&if}}]]umvuwåm;rS csDvmrnfh b*Fvm;wyfr

r'&pfrScsDvmrnfh r'&pfwyfrwdkY twmoBuFeftNyD;avmufwGif tuf'refuRef;ü '*Hk? rufu&da&wyfonf rmefatmifuRef;? 0g[ifa&wyfonf[dkif;BuD;uRef;...}}

zwfNyD;oGm;aompmvHk;rsm;udk uREkfyfai;idkifMunfhaerdonf/ olu uREkfyfvufxJrS puúL&Gufudk


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïéíïéíïéíïéíïéí


jznf;nif;pGm vSrf;qGJ,lvsuf...]]usKyfwdkYwpfawG rPdyl&tmoHrSm wdkufae

Muuwnf;u NAdwdoQawG[m 'DvdktpDtpOfawGcszdkYusKyfwdkY yifv,furf;½dk;wef;a'orSm jyifqifcJhNyD;om;jzpfw,f}}

olYtajrmftjrif pDrHcsuftm;vHk;udk ,ckrSyifuREkfyfem;vnfrdawmhonf/

]]pMum0efBuD;udk oGm;ac:prf;ygudk&if?olYudk usKyfwm0efay;p&m&Sdw,f}}

pMum0efBuD; owdk;r[maoemywdudkuREkfyfudk,fwdkif oGm;ac:&onf/ olYppfwJcef;rwGiftjcm; wyfrif;ppfuJrsm;om vlajymif;oGm;aomfvnf;olurl wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,muf?wpfvSnfhNyD;wpfvSnfh 'dkifcHawGUqHktrdefYay;aeonf/

]]pMum0ef... usKyf'*Hku a&0efrif;BuD;qDudk NAdwdoQawG tcsdefra&G; 0ifvmEdkifaMumif;taMumif;Mum;xm;w,f? '*Hku tiftm;enf;vSw,f/ taumif;qHk; tumt&HqdkvdkY vloHk;&yfawmifr&SdwJh opfwyf0if;yJ&Sdw,f? cifAsm; '*Hkudk


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïéìïéìïéìïéìïéì


oGm;yg/ cifAsm;wyftm;vHk; Ekwf,loGm;? tjrefqHk;a&mufatmifcsD}}

]]aumif;ygNyD AdkvfcsKyf}}pMum0efBuD;xGufoGm;onf/xdknwpfnvHk; olrtdyfaMumif;/ tdyf

wpf0uf Edk;wpf0uf &SdaecJhaom uREkfyfvnf; owdxm;rdcJhayonf/

À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïéëïéëïéëïéëïéë


2tidkuf0ifjcif;? tvpfpD;jcif;? tiftm;BuD;pGm

toHk;jyKí tvHk;t&if;ESihfzdjcif;... wnf;[laomppfa&;AsL[mudk NAdwdoQwdkY toHk;jyKMuayNyD/

"n0wDwGif tcdkiftrmwyfpGJJ&if; &cdkifjynf\ NAdwdoQ&efpvufikwfwdkYudk &Sif;vif;acsrIef;&if;a&Teef;awmfrS ]wyfjyefEIwfap trdefYawmf}udk apmifhqdkif;ae&aom uREkfyfwdkYwyfrrsm;rSm EdkifiHawmfatmufjynfa'orS ppfowif;rsm;udk pdwfrcsrf;ajrUp&m Mumodae&avonf/

uqkefvxJwGif '*HkNrdKUusjcif;? od*Fkwå&ukef;awmfay:wGif NAdwdoQwyfwdkY wyfpGJvdkufMujcif;?owdk;rif;BuD; r[mrif;acgifESihf owdk;r[maoem


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïéêïéêïéêïéêïéê


ywdwdkY OD;pD;aom wyfawmfrsm;ESihf NAdwdoQtajrmufwyfwdkY jyif;pGmwdkufcdkufMujcif;? MunfhjrifwdkifwGifwdkufyGJBuD; oHk;BudrfjzpfyGm;jcif;? oefvsifcHwyfusjcif;?xdkYaemuf xm;0,f?Nrdwf?rkwårNrdKUrsm;ESihfwuG yJcl;txd &efolwdkY 0ifa&mufodrf;ydkufvdkufMujcif;/

aemufqHk;wGifum; owdk;rif;BuD; r[musqHk;oGm;aMumif; owif;&&SdcJhavonf/ xdkowif;udk &NyD;onfhaemuf olu "n0wDwyfrsm; tmvHk;udk toifhjyifxm;&ef trdefYxkwfvdkufonf/

ra&S;raESmif;rSmyif rif;w&m;xHrS trdefYawmf a&mufvmonf/

]]nDawmfom,m0wDrif; r[moD&doD[ol&"r®&mZfudk Adkvfrª;AdkvfcsKyfcefYí atmufjynft&yf'*HkE Sih f reD;ra0;"EkjzLodkY wyfapawmfrlonf/

jr0wD0efBuD;tm; "n0wDü tkyfcsKyfNrJwyfawmfrsm;ESihftwl tkyfcsKyfaeap/

owdk;rif;BuD; r[mAE¨KvESihfwyfrsm;u[Hom0wDppfrsufESmwGif uGyfn§yf&ef tjrefqHk;jyefvmap}}


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïééïééïééïééïéé


trdefYawmfa&mufvmonfhtcsdefumv um;"n0wDrS pvif;qifjzLuRef;ta&muf? ½dk;rwausm?awmBuD;awmifBuD;? acsmufurf;yg;BuD;rsm;wGifrdk;BuD;onfhxefpGm NzdKifNzdKifusaeaom 0gqdkvyifwnf;/

onfrQ Murf;wrf;cufcJvSaom ppfqkwfvrf;c&D;wGif onfrQqdk;&Gm;jyif;xefaom &moDOwkudkjzwfí tif;0odkYjyefrnfhta&;um; rawG;0Hhp&myif jzpfawmhonf/

ajcusif;0wf txuftxd a&jrKwfaeaomwyfpcef;uGif;jyifBuD;xJwGif uREfkyfwdkYwyfrsm; jyifqifvdkufMu&onf/

rdk;a& &TJ&TJpdkaom aoemywd0wf½HkpBuD;udkzg;zg;vsm;vsm; NcHKvTrf;um jrif;ay:wGif wnfhrwfpGmxdkifvsufacgufwHkYacgufjyef oGm;aeaomolYxHrSwa0ga0grdk;aygufoHBuD;udk ausmfvTm;tkyfrdk;oGm;onfhtoH0gBuD; xGufay:vmavonf/

]]wyfawGtm;vHk;toifhjyif?tqdk;qHk;&moDOwk tMurf;qHk;c&D;udk tjrefqHk;igwdkYjzwfMu&r,f?"n0wDuae pvif;qifjzLuRef;txd csDwufcsdef


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïéèïéèïéèïéèïéè


umvckESpf&ufyJ owfrSwfw,f? urÁnf;wGifr,fhppfc&D;udk csDMupdkY aoG;aomufwdkY}}

"n0wDodkY csDcJhpOfu aejynfawmfrSonf"l&[wfodkY ppfcsDumvrSm wpfvomMumjrifhcJhojzihfuREkfyfwdkY twdkif;rod tHhMocJh&onf/

odkYqdkygvQif ,ck"n0wDrS pvif;qifrjzLuRef;odkY rkd;BuD;avBuD;xJwGif awmawmifacsmufurf;yg;txyfxyfudk jzwfí c&D;Murf;ESifcJhaom]&ufowåywf}onf ]r,HkEdkifavmufp&m tHhMozG,faumif;aom}ppfc&D;[k qdk&rnf jzpfownf;/

À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïéçïéçïéçïéçïéç


3trf;NrdKUrSonf rif;vGif&Gm? rif;vGif&GmteD;

awmifMum;vrf;rSwqifh ref;acsmif;udkpkef?xdkYaemufta&SUbufurf;&Sd izJNrdKUtxd/

þvrf;c&D;udk olu]trf;awmifMum;vrf;ppfcsDc&D;}[k trnfay;vkdufonf/

awmifqif; awmifwuf?jrpful;?acsmif;ul;c&D;wGif wa0ga0g0g;vHk;xdk;pD;aeaom awmifusa&rsm;? a&wHcGefrsm;u ae&mwdkif;wGif [efYwm;aeMuonf/

ykqdefrsm;udktoHk;jyKum azmifrsm;zGJUMu&onf/ &Jrufwpfaomif;? qifig;&m? jrif;ig;&m?


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïèðïèðïèðïèðïèð


aoewf tajrmufpdefajymif;rsm;udk cufcufcJcJa&G;Ekwfí wyfcsD&onf/ aeYnOfhrjywf wjAKef;jAKef;&Gmcsaeaom rdk;oD;rdk;aygufBuD;rsm;onf MumaomfuREkfyfwdkY\ ppfcsDc&D;wpfavQmuf\ &if;ESD;aomtazmfjzpfvmonf/

odkYjzifh...ol trdefYxkwfonfh &ufowåwpfywftwGif;

rSmyif uREkfyfwdkYtm;vHk; pvif;qifrjzLuRef;odkYa&mufcJhMuavonf/

qifrjzLuRef;wGif wyfpGJvdkufonfhnOfh?wyfrif;ppfuJAdkvfrª;rsm; qHkMuckduf olYwJxJwGifuREkfyfrcsKyfrwD;Edkif xkwfazmfa<u;aMumfrdavawmhonf/

]]rif;BuD;? tck uRefawmfwdkY csDcJhMuwJhc&D;udkrif;BuD;u trf;awmifMum;vrf;vdkY trnfay;cJhayr,fhaemifaomtcgrSm 'Dvrf;udk]rif;BuD;r[mAEKvvrf;}vdkY *kPfjyKac:MurSm trSefygyJ}}

olu&ifusufaomtNyHK;jzihf jyefajymonf/]]r[mAEKvESihfaoG;aomufrsm;vrf;vdkYac:

wm ydkrSefr,f}}


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïèïïèïïèïïèïïèï


pvif;qifjzLuRef;wGif wyfrsm;pGJxm;apNyD;aemufwpfaeYrSmyif uREkfyfESihfausmfol a&Tawmifaem&xmwdkY ESpfa,mufudkac:NyD; ol aejynfawmfodkYxGufonf/

[Hom0wDa'o&Sd &efolYta&;twGuf uREkfyfwdkYonf bBuD;awmfrif;w&m;\ trdefYawmfudk cH,lMu&OD;rnf/

À À À


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïèîïèîïèîïèîïèî


¬½»ºå øè÷

1aoewform;oHk;aomif;ig;axmif?rPdyl&

jrif;wyfom; ckESpf&m? &Jrufwyfom; ESpfaomif;?q,hfESpfatmifpusnfvHk;rsm;udk ypfcwfEdkifonfhbD;vSnf;wyf pdefajymif;i,frsm;? tajrmufwifqifrsm;tvHk;t&if;BuD;pGm yg0ifaom uREkfyfwdkYwyfrawmfBuD;onf aqmif;OD;&moDrSmyif aejynfawmfrScsDcJhNyD;&efuif;pH&m jrpf0?vdIifjrpf?arSmfbD?*lBuD;?uRJul;qdyfrSwufí usdLuúvdkYESihf wHwm;BuD;odkYta&muf csDwufwyfpGJvdkufMuonf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïèíïèíïèíïèíïèí


wyfrawmfBuD;\ OD;pD;csKyfum; ,cktcgppfawmif;NrdKUudkyif rif;w&m;trdefYawmft& xyfrHydkifpm;&NyDjzpfaom ]owdk;ok"r®r[m}bGJUrnfjzifhxyfrHcsD;jr§ifhjcif;cH&aom ]r[maoemywd}rif;BuD;r[mAE¨Kvyifwnf;/

'*Hkwdkuf&ef ppfaMumif;BuD;ig;aMumif;cGJíuREkfyfwdkY ppfrsufESm zGihfvkdufMuonf/

Adkvfrif;? wyfrif;tm;vHk;pHknDpnf;a0;yGJwGifolu &J&Jawmufpum;udk qdkavonf/

]]&efoludk "n0wDbufuae igwdkYajcmufvSefY armif;xkwfvkdufw,f? ukef;aMumif;eJYr0ifomvdkYoif;wdkY a&aMumif;u0ifzdkYBudK;pm;vmMuNyD?wpfuRef;om; ukvm;jzLawG&JUrdpämpdwfudk rif;wdkYtm;vHk;odNyD;MuNyDjzpfwJhtwGuf igt&Snfta0;rajymawmhbl;?ta&;tBuD;qHk;wpfckyJ ajymr,f? 'Dta&;udk tav;teufxm;Mu?ayghayghqq&Sd,if wpfrsdK;vHk;olYuRefjzpfr,f? od*Fkwå&ukef;awmfajrudk igwdkYaoG;puf?toufeJYvJ,l&r,fhta&;? onfwpfyGJNyD;&ifNAdwdoQydkifwdkif;jynftxd wufodrf;zdkYyJ&Sdawmhw,f? &ifajr


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïèìïèìïèìïèìïèì


uwkwfvkyf? &SdorQvuf½Hk;ESvHk;tpGrf;ukef xkwfNyD;wdkufMuawmh aoG;aomufwdkY}} tNrJwap at;aq;wnfNidrfcJhavaom olYxHrS þrQpdwfvIyf&Sm;zG,f&mpum;vHk;wdkYudk Mum;&uwnf;u onfta&;onfaoG;ESihf urÜnf;a&;xdk;&awmhrnfhta&;awmfBuD;jzpfaMumif; uREkfyfem;vnfvdkufawmhonf/

xdkYaemuf olonfoufqdkif&m AdkvfcsKyfrsm;udkwpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,mufac:um trdefYwpfckNyD;wpfck xkwfqifhavonf/

]]wHwm;BuD;rSm A[dkwyfrpGJNyD; XmecsKyfxm;r,f? 'vuaeMunfhjrifwdkif? MunfhjrifwdkifuaeykZGefawmiftxd puf0kdifjcrf;o@mefxm;NyD; &efoludk 0dkif&Hr,f... em;vnfMuvm;}}

em;vnfaMumif; tm;vHk;u ajymMuonf/]]NrdKUvwf0efBuD; r[mrif;vSrif;acgifausmf}}]]&Sdygw,f AdkvfcsKyf}}]]tiftm;oH k;axmife J Y ta&S UrsufESm

ykZGefawmifuae ppfzGifhcsD}}]]aumif;ygNyD AdkvfcsKyf}}


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïèëïèëïèëïèëïèë


]]rif;xifrif;acgif}}]]&Sdygw,fAdkvfcsKyf}}rif;xifrif;acgifum;... olYnDt&if; jzpf

avonf/ rif;xifrif;acgifonf pdwfvIyf&Sm;ae[efjzifhvufrsm;udk yGwfoyfqkwfe,faeonf/ bmaMumifhrSef;rod? olYudk av;pm;jrwfEdk;oavmufolYnDrif;xifrif;acgifudk uREkfyfpdwfxJwGif rawGUvS/

]]tiftm;oHk;axmif? ajrmufbufrsufESmqHawmfBudKvrf;ucsD}}

]]aumif;ygNyD AdkvfcsKyf}}rif;xifrif;acgiftoH rodrom wkefae

onf[k uREkfyfxifonf/]]twGif;0efBuD; r[mrif;vS&mZm? tiftm;

oHk;axmif ukef;awmfcHwyfudk wdkuf}}]]aumif;ygNyD AdkvfcsKyf}}]]vuf0Jrif;rª; r[mrif;vSaZ,soleJY pm;

awmf0ef rif;vSrif;acgif tiftm;av;axmif?taemufrsufESm Munfhjrifwdkif}}

]]owdk;rif;BuD;?tiftm;oHk;axmif?'vbufucsD}}


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïèêïèêïèêïèêïèê


ppfrsufESmjzefYvdkufaom olYaoe*FudkuREkfyf½kyfyHkazmfMunfhvdkufonf/ &efolwyfpGJxm;onfha&Twd*Hkukef;awmfudk A[dkjyKí 0ef;&HvdkufapaomAsL[mum; *Pef;vufro@mef ppfxdk;tpDt&ifyifjzpfavonf/

jymodkvjynfhaeY eHeufcif;rS pwifvIyf&Sm;csDwufMuaom wyfrBuD;rsm;onf?wpfaeYcif;twGif;rSmyifa&Twd*HkapwD\ ta&SUawmtkyfpGef;rSonf'*HkESifh tajrmufwpfurf;tuGm ykZGefawmifjrpfurf;txd wyfcsif;qufrdoGm;onf/ A[dkppfaMumif;um;apwDawmfjrwfbuf awmtkyftwGif;rSm &Sdaeavonf/ wyfpHkNyD;NyD;csif; uwkwfusif;rsm; wl;Mu&mnaerapmif;rDrSmyif ppfaMumif;BuD;rsm;udk &efolYjrifuGif;uGif;rS udk,fa&mifazsmufEdkifcJhMujyefonf/

þppfaMumif;wpfavQmufwGif uwkwfusif;wpfckrSwpfckodkY wyfwpfckrSwpfckodkY? aeYaeYnnvSnfhvnf ppfaq;aewwfolrSm ol...r[mAE¨Kvyifwnf;/

nOfhtcsdefrsm;wGif raxmif;omvSapumrl


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïèéïèéïèéïèéïèé


aejcnf0if;jyufaom aqmif;wGif;aeYtcsdefrsm;wGifum; olaqmif;aoma&TxD;onf ukef;awmfay:rS&efolwdkYtwGuf tvGefxif&Sm;aom ypfuGif;jzpfaeaomaMumifh olYtwGuf uREkfyfpdk;&drfvSawmhonf/

xdkYaMumifh olYudkuREfkyfu owday;pum;ajymrdaomtcg olu usifpG,fEIwfcrf;arT;rsm;udktomt,moyfvsuf...

]]rpdk;&drfygeJY?olwdkYAHk;qef usKyfudkra&mufEdkifygbl;}}

[kajymavonf/rnfodkYqdkap...oludk,fwkdifppfaMumif;rsm;

toD;oD;odkYvkdufyg uGyfuJaeaomaMumifh wyfawmfom;wdkYrSm rBuHKzl;atmif wuf<uaeMuavonf/uREkfyfwdkYwyfrsm;\ ajruwkwfusif;rsm;rSmvnf;wpfpwpfp NAdwdoQwyfrsm;csxm;&m ukef;awmfbufqDodkY wdk;a&TUeD;uyfvmMuonf/

odkYaomf &efolwdkYrSm awmifxdyfcHwyfuJhodkYtumtuG,f&xm;av\/ukef;awmfay:rS pD;eif;ypfcwfcGifh&aeMuojzihf olwdkYbufrSwpfyrf;omaeonf/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïèèïèèïèèïèèïèè


aoG;aq;uefwpfbuf awmifwef;wpf0dkufum; wdkufyGJ tjyif;txefqHk; jzpfawmhonf/

'kwd,tjyif;txefqHk;rSm &efol\ MunfhjrifwdkifcHwyfESihf uREkfyfwdkY\ vuf,mbufppfaMumif;wyfrsm; &ifqdkifawGUMuaom wdkufyGJyif jzpfavonf/

wdkufyGJrsm; tjyif;txefay:aygufaeonfhumvtwGif;rSmyif oluppfaMumif;OD;pD;rª;rsm;udkac:,lawGUqHkum xkd;ppftpDtrHwpfckudk csrSwfjyefonf/

]]jrpfaMumif;rSm&efolUppfoabFmawG ydwfqdkYaewmudk oabmrusbl;? 'g[mtEÅ&m,fwpfckyJ?olwdkY u½lZmppfoabFmawG[m urf;udkaumif;aumi f ; ' ku ©ay;E d ki fw,f}}

olYtpDtrHjzifh uREkfyfwdkYonf NAdwdoQoabFmrsm;udk acsmufcsm;EdkifapcJhMuonf/

ykZGefawmifacsmif;ESihf Munfhjrifwdkifacsmif;wdkYrS a&tuswGif rD;azmifrsm;tcsdefudkuf vTwfarsmvkdufMuonf/

uREkfyfwdkY\ rD;azmifrsm;rSm 0g;rsm;udkazmifzGJU?


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïèçïèçïèçïèçïèç


0g;ESpfpnf;oHk;pnf;Mum;wGif a&eH? *Grf;avmifpmtjynfhodyfonfh ajrtdk;rsm;udk xnfhonf/ ,rf;ygaom avmifpmudkrl azmifay:wGif tESHHHYtjym; pkyHkxm;vdkufonf/ 0g;tqufqufwGJum emzm;t&SifjyKvkyfxm;aomaMumifh &efolYppfoabFm&Sd&modkYazmifrsm; a&mufoGm;aomtcg oabFmudk tvdktavsmuf 0ef;&H&pfywfoGm;Muonf/ þodkYjzifh ppfoabFmrSm rD;0dkif;avmifuRrf;cHMu&awmhonf/

n wdkufyGJrsm;rSmyif uREfkyfwdkY\ rD;azmifrSrD;a&mifrsm;onf aeYumv[k xif&avmufatmifrDwxdefxdef xGef;vif;aeavonf/

olwdkY\ oabFmrsm;rSm rD;azmifrsm;aMumifh'ku©awGUukefMuonf/ ]wdrfarmuf}trnf&Sd u½lZmppfoabFmum; tBuD;tus,f rD;pGJavmifoGm;avonf/

odkYaomf... olwdkY tiftm;BuD;pGmjzifh ckcHaeaom ]od*Fkwå&ukef;awmf}odkY uREkfyfwdkYwyfrsm;rwufEdkifMuao;/

À À À


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïçðïçðïçðïçðïçð


2AdkvfcsKyfrif;BuD; r[mrif;vS&mZm\ wif;rm

okefrIefaeaom rsufESmxm;udk awGUvdkuf&uwnf;uta&;awmfwpfpHkwpfck rvSryjzpfaeNyD[k uREkfyfem;vnfvdkufonf/ rif;BuD;r[m rif;vS&mZmum;wdkufyGJtjyif;txefqHk; aoG;aq;uefppfaMumif;\OD;pD;AdkvfcsKyfjzpfavonf/

wJxJodkY uREkfyf0ifoGm;aomtcsdefwGif olESifhrif;BuD;r[mrif;vS&mZmwdkYonf wpfckckudk tBudwfte,f aqG;aEG;aeMu[ef&Sdonf/ olu uREkfyfudkwpfcsufrQ apGMunfhvdkufNyD; rif;BuD;r[mrif;vS&mZmESihf rsufESmcsif; jyefqdkifonf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïçïïçïïçïïçïïçï


]]tustqHk; tcsdK;tpm;csif; wlw,fyJqdkapOD; olwdkYbufu ppfajrjyiftuGuftuGif;ydkNyD;aumif;aew,fAdkvfcsKyf}}

r[mrif;vS&mZmu ajymvufpjzpf[efwlaom pum;udk qufajymonf/ uREkfyfu olYaemufyg;odkY 0if&yfum olwpfckck trdefYay;vQif toifh&Sdaeatmif jyifqifxm;vdkufonf/

]]usKyfwdkY tm;udk;EdkifwJh aoe*Fu ajymufusm;yJ &Sdaew,f? opfyifay:u NcHKykwfawGxJuxGufNyD; wkdufw,f? nbufrSm cHwyfudktvpf0ifwdkufw,f? 'gusKyfwdkYtvkyfEdkifqHk;xdk;ppfyJ?oif;wdkY&JUtajrmufwyfcHwyfawGudk tvHk;t&if;eJYwufpD;zdkYtcGifhrombl;}}

r[mrif;vS&mZmonf yifyef;EGrf;e,fae[ef &Sdavonf/ olpum;ajym rSm;oGm;rnfudkuREkfyfu pdk;&drfaerdonf/

r[mrif;vS&mZmu wpfckck qufajymrnftjyKwGif olu vufumjyvdkufavonf/ xdkYaemufolu wnfNidrfaomtoHjzihf...


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïçîïçîïçîïçîïçî


]]ppfaMumif;tm;vHk;u owif;awGudk usKyf&NyD;ygNyD? tajctaet&yf&yfudkvnf; usKyfoHk;oyfNyD;NyD? usKyfwdkYvlawG udkif&wJhaoewfawG[m?olwdkYta&SUtdE´d,ukrÜPDu toHk;r0ifvdkY zsufqD;ypfzdkYodkavSmifxm;wJh t*Fvdyfvkyf aoewfawGjzpfaewmu qdk;w,f? &Jrufwpfa,mufudk aoewfwpfvuftwGuf usnfqefq,fawmifheJY ,rf;rIefY xkwfay;&ayr,fh wpfawmifhxdk; aoewfawG jzpfaew,f/wpfcgypfNyD;&if aemufwpfcg usnfoGif;zdkYtwGuftcsdef,lae&w,f? &ifqdkifwdkufyGJrSm 'DvdkusnfqeftopfoGif;zdkY ,l&wJhtcsdefav;[m tifrwef ta&;ygw,f/ aumifav;awG usnftopfwpfawmifhtoifhrjzpfcifrSm oif;wdkY vSHpGyfawGu 0ifvmw,fr[kwfvm;...}}

]][kwfw,f AdkvfcsKyf...}}]]udk&if iopfvSH&Snf urf;vkdufprf;yg}}olYvufxJodkY vSH&Snfxnfhay;vkduf&onf/

olu eH&HwGif csdwfqGJxm;aom wdkufyGJajryHkum;csyfqDodkY vSHoGm;jzihf axmufvdkufonf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïçíïçíïçíïçíïçí


]]'DrSm ajrmufbufppfaMumif;? 'gua&Twd*Hkbk&m;? 'gcifAsm;&JUwyfawGr[kwfvm;}}

]][kwfygw,f...}}]]bk&m;ajrmufbufu cifAsm;wyfawG&,f?

vuf0JppfaMumif;u r[mrif;vSrif;acgif&JUwyfawG&,f? qHawmfBudKvrf;u rif;xifrif;acgif&JUwyfawG&,f? a[m'Dvrf;aMumif;twdkif; qkwfcJh...}}

vSHoGm;onf ta&SUajrmuft&yfqDodkY a&TUaeonf/

]]uefyJheJY wmarG0g;ydk;wyfrSm wyftm;vHk;qHkMu? opfwyfudk tjyifu&HNyD;wyfaqmuf?opfwyf0ef;usifrSm ajrmif;wl;? ajrmif;xJrSm 0g;cRefpdkuf?cHwyfudk A,f? nm opfwyfESpfckeJY &H&r,f?awmifyHESpfck[m t&Snftawmif&Spf&m? tus,futawmifav;&m&Sd&r,f... rSwfrdvm;}}

]]rSwfrdygw,f}}]]wyftm;vHk;udk cifAsm;uwpfqifh odygap?

wyfqkwfwm r[kwfbl;}}]]rSwfrdygw,f}}


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïçìïçìïçìïçìïçì


]]xdk;ppfuae cHppfajymif;wm? cHppfqdkwm[m ppfwdkufjcif;yJ}}

vSHoGm;udk jyef½kyfvdkufonf/ r[mrif;vS&mZmxHrSvnf; olYrsufESmvTJvdkufonf/AdkvfcsKyfr[mrif;vS&mZmu olYudk twefMum pl;pdkufMunfhaeNyD;rSwdwfqdwfpGm xGufoGm;avonf/

r[mrif;vS&mZm tjyifa&mufoGm;NyD;rSolu uREkfyfudk vSH&Snfjyefay;onf/ vSH&Snfudkae&mwGif jyefodrf;NyD; uREkfyfvnf; wJxJrSxGufawmhrnf[kajcvSrf; tjyifvdkufrSmyif... olu

]]cP aetHk;... udk&ifiopf}}olYtoHrSm trdefYay;oHr[kwf? a&mif;&if;

csif; &if;ESD;pGm ajymoHjzpfaeaomaMumifh uREkfyfpdwfxJxdcdkufoGm;rdavonf/

]]xdkifprf;ygtHk;...}}olYa&SUwGif xdkufvdkufonf/]]&efukefwdkufyGJtajctaetaMumif; udk&if

odNyD;NyDr[kwfvm;}}rarQmfvifhaom ar;cGef;aMumifh uREkfyfbm


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïçëïçëïçëïçëïçë


jyefajym&rSef;rod/ pifppfrl ppfyGJtajctaeudkolESifhteD;uyfqHk;jzpfaom uREkfyfu tjcm;ppfOD;pD;AdkvfcsKyfrsm;xufyif ydkodvdrfhrnf[k xifonf/,ckvdkoluar;vmonfrSmvnf; pifppfrl?rnfumrwå tar;pum;om jzpfonf/ tajzudkawmif;onfh tar;pum;r[kwf? wpfckckajymvdkí ysdK;aompum;ed'gef;om jzpfrnfxifonf/

]]&efukefppfajrjyifrSm usKyfwdkYta&;romMubl;? jrpfxJrSmppfavSESpf&m qHk;cJhw,f? ukuúdKif;eJYaoG;aq;uef wdkufyGJawGrSm usKyfwdkYbufu trsm;tjym;usqHk;cJh&w,f? usKyfwkdY cHwyfawG[m tcktcsdefrSm &efolYtajrmufqef? AHk;qefudk zGifhBudKqdkaewJh ypfrSwfawG jzpfaeMuw,f? vufeufcsif r,SOfomatmif jzpfaew,f}}

½HI;edrfhjcif;taMumif;udk uREkfyfvnf; em;raxmifcsif? olYudkvnf; rajymapcsif? pdwfvufrcsrf;ompGmjzifh uREfkyfrSm qufem;axmifae&onf/

]]ppfonf wpfOD;csif;taeeJY? NAdwdoQawGudkusKyfwdkY &JrufawG[m tcsdefra&G; ,SOfEdkifayr,fh


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïçêïçêïçêïçêïçê


tckppfyGJ[m "m;vSHwdkY&JUyGJr[kwfawmhbl; udk&if?cHwyf? tajrmuf? ppfoabFmawGyg0ifwJh aoe*Ftopf jzpfoGm;NyD? 'Dta&;udk usKyfawG;rdvdkY '*HkNrdKU0efudk rqGuwnf;u owday;cJhayr,hf...a&Teef;awmfudk,fEdIufu oabmraygufcJhbl;? usKyfeJYoabmcsif;wlwm udkpwpfa,mufyJ &Sdw,f}}

jr0wD0efBuD;udk uREkfyfvnf; owd&aeonf/]]tck uefyJh wmarGudkqkwfNyD; cHppfjyKzdkY

pDrHvkdufwm udk&iftMum;yJ? odkYaomf 'g[mvJ&efolYtwGuf t[efYtwm; jzpf½HkuvGJNyD; xljcm;wJh tusdK;&SdrSmr[kwfaybl;? ckcsdefrSm &EdkiforQppfaMumif;uaejzpfEdkiforQ t[efYtwm;udkyJ wpfqifhpD wpfqifhpDxkwfoHk;&vdrfhr,f? &efol[m usKyfwkdYcHppfawGudktustqHk;rsm;pGmeJY wdkuf&if;? odrf;&if;?jrpfaMumif;twkdif; xufMuyfruGm vdkufygvmMuvdrfhr,f...}}

uREkfyf qufem;raxmifcsif? jzpfEkdifvQifolYa&SUrS xGufoGm;csifonf/ uREkfyftzdkY BuD;us,fcrf;em;vSpGm tm;udk;txifBuD;vSaom olYEIwfzsm;qDrSþodkYaom ]tysuf} pum;awGudk enf;enf;rS rMum;


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïçéïçéïçéïçéïçé


csifay../]]udk&if iopf}}olYavoH ½kwfw&ufajymif;oGm;onf/]]udk&if...qifusHK; oGif;zl;ovm;..}}]][if...}}]]qif usHK;oGif;zl;ovm;}}acgif;ndwfrdonf/ olNyHK;onf/ pdwfESvHk;

aemufusdaeaom uREkfyf\ trlt&mudk ol&dyfpm;rd[ef&Sdonf/

]]{&m0wDjrpfudk usHK;vdkoabmxm;?&efolNAdwdoQudk qifvdkoabmxm;? 'gqdk,if udk&ifem;vnfavmufa&maygh...}}

rdk;wdrftpdkiftcJudk avjyif;wpfcsuf wdk;a0SYz,f&Sm;vdkufovdkyif? tHkYrdIif;aeaom uREkfyf\tawG;rsm; csufcsif;MunfvifoGm;onf/

]]tck...tck...b,fvdkaoe*FrsdK;eJY...}}0rf;omvGef;aomaMumifh uREkfyfrSm pum;

xpfaeawmhonf/olutNyHK;rys,fao;aom rsufESmjzihf ajym


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ ïçèïçèïçèïçèïçè


avonf/]]vIdifjrpf0rSm rif;BuD;r[mrif;acgif

tiftm; wpfaxmihfig;&mwyf? arSmfbDrSm r[moDv0?tiftm;wpfaxmifhig;&mwyf? yJcl;rSm owdk;r[m&JUwyf? xef;wyifuRef;rSm rif;vSrif;acgif rif;vSol&defeJY r[maZ,solwdkYudk tiftm;ig;axmifeJYtqifhqifh&yfcHap&r,f...}}

]]udk&ifuaum}}BuD;pGmaom ppftpDt&ifudk oljyKaeNyD[l

aom 0rf;ompdwfaMumifh uREkfyf\EIwfrS ]udk&if}[kvTwfueJ ac:rdoGm;onf/

ndKarSmifapG;apG; olYrsufvHk;rsm; ta&mifxGufvmMuonf[k xif&onf/ oljznf;nif;av;eufpGm qdkavonf/

]]"EkjzL}}

À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õïççïççïççïççïçç


¬½»ºå øç÷1

&efukefwpf0dkuf wdkufyGJrsm;wGif ta&;romaomaMumifh qkwfcGm&onfh ra&S;raESmif;rSmyif&efolwdkYu uREfkyfwdkY\ e,fpGefe,fzsm; t&Htwm;tiftm;rsm;udk odrf;,lMujyefonf/

rPdyl&ESifh tmoHwdkY &efolYvufwGif; us&jyefonf/

ppfajrjyif usOf;ajrmif;vmcJhayNyD/odkYaom...txufatmuf c&D;vrf;qHkusaom ykodrf

&efukefc&D;rSmvnf; tcsuftcsmusaom &du©m


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îððîððîððîððîðð


axmufyhHrItwGufvnf; A[dkusaom ]"EkjzL}wGifuREkfyfwdkY tcdkiftrm cHwyfaqmufNyD;MuNyD/

NAdwdoQ AdkvfcsKyfuif;bJonf vdIifjrpftxdvHk;0 tcktcHr&SdbJ wufvmonf[k owif;&onf/olwdkY\a&aMumif; Adkvfrª;csKyfum; ]aumhbGef}qdkoljzpfonf/ &efolYtiftm;udkvnf; uREkfyfwdkY twdtus&xm;NyD;NyD/

Munf;aMumif;csD ESpfaxmifhig;&m? a&aMumif;csD wpfaxmihfESpf&mckESpfq,f? 'dkif,memtrnf&SdtajrmufwifppfoabFm/

À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîðïîðïîðïîðïîðï


2rdk;aumif;rS awmifpm;apmfbGm; aersdK;odef

y&mZmudk uREkfyftxl;wvnf owd&aeonf/,ckvdk"EkjzLcHwyfBuD;wGif olb,favmuf]yGJ0if}&SmcsifvdrfhrvJ[kvnf; awG;rdaeonf/

olYudk tcsdefra&G;qifhac:vdkufyg?olYvlESihfolMum;&mt&yfu vmygrnf[k apmfbGm;u tm;wufoa&m uwday;cJ honfudkvnf; Mum;a,mifaerdonf/

cHwyfudk vSnfhvnfppfaq;aeonfholYtm;wpfaeYaomtcg awmifpm;apmfbGm;aersdK;odefy&mZmudk uREkfyfowd&aeaMumif; ajymjyrdonf/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îðîîðîîðîîðîîðî


]]apmfbGm;udk 'DvSrf;ac:zdkYuawmh rjzpfEdkifaybl;udk&if?odkYaomf qifusHK;oGif;NyD;&ifawmh udk&ifrkd;aumif;udk tvnftywfav; bmav;oGm;csifoGm;aygh}}[k oluqdkonf/

onfrQxufydkívnf; olYudk uREkfyfpum;ajymcGifhr&/ cHwyfudk wpfvtwGif; tNyD;aqmuf&rnf jzpfaomaMumifh &Jruftm;vHk; rem;rae tvkyfvkyfMu&onf/ oludk,fwdkifvnf; cHwyfaqmufonfhae&mtESH Ytjym;odkY aeYaeYnn vSnhfvnfOD;pD;aeonf/

aEGOD;raygufcifrSmyif uREkfyfwdkY cHwyfudktNyD;tpD;aqmufvkyfEdkifcJhMuonf/ þrQ wdkawmif;aom wpfvwmumvtwGif; þrQBuD;us,faomcHwyfudk aqmufvkyfEdkifcJhMuonfrSm aemifwpfcsdefþodkY jyKvkyfEdkifygOD;rnfavm[k rdrdwdkYukd,frdrdoHo, 0ifavmufatmifyif uREfkyfwdkY pGrf;aqmifEdkifcJhMuacsonf/

olYajryHkum;csyfay:u cHwyfyHkpHi,fonf{&m0wD\taemufbufurf; tjrihfqHk;urf;yg;ay:


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîðíîðíîðíîðíîðí


wGif xD;xD;rm;rm;BuD; ay:aygufvmayNyD/"EkjzLudkjzwfí pD;qif;oGm;aom {&m0wD

onf cHwyfBuD;ae&mü tvGefqH k; tawmifwpfaxmifhig;&mcefY (udkuf 700ausmfcefY)rQomus,f0ef;ayonf/ xdkYaMumifh "EkjzL\ta&SUbufrsufESmrSaeí jrpftwdkif; qefvmrnfh&efolYa&wyfudkcsKyfudki fxm;Ed kifaom tajctaeudk obm0tavsmufyif uREkfyfwdkY &&Sdaeayonf/

uRef;opfvHk; eH&HBuD;rsm;u q,fhESpfawmifeD;yg;&Sdonf/

opfvHk;cHwyftwGif;wGif tkwf½dk;cHwyf wpfxyf&Sdonf/

tkwf½dk;ol&Jajyay:wGif tajrmuf wpf&mhig;q,f/

xdkYjyif wyfwGif;rSmvnf; uwkwfusif;rsm;ajrmif;&SnfBuD;rsm;/

cHwyftjyifwGifvnf; usHK;wl;xm;onf/usHK;twGif;ü 0g;cRef? oHcRef? usif;uwkwf? qifcvkwf?jrif;cvkwftjynfh/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îðìîðìîðìîðìîðì


cHwyfa&SU&Sd opfawmBuD;rsm;twGif; opfyifrsm;ay:üvnf; arQmfpif? tajrmufpifrsm;udkjyKvkyfMu&onf/ xdkarQmfpif tajrmufpifrsm;ay:wGif &JrufESpfOD; aeEdkifonf/ &Jrufrsm;\vufeufrSm aygifoHk;pdwf tajrmufqef xnfhypfEdkifaom ]*sif*,f}tajrmufi,frsm; jzpfavonf/

cHwyfBuD; aqmufNyD;onfhaeYwGif oluwyfrif;wyfrª;rsm;tm;vHk;udk pHknDpka0;apvdkufonf/xdkYaemuf cHwyftwGif; wyfpGJ&rnhfae&mrsm;?tiftm;cGJa0yHkrsm;? &efolYoabFmrsm;vmrnfh jrpfjyifppfrsufESmqDodk Y ypfvTwf&rnfh tajrmufrsm;taMumif;udk oltus,fw0ifh &Sif;vif;jyonf/

olYtrdefYudk em;axmif&if;jzifh uREfkyfrSmppfyGJwGif þrQtcuftcJawGUum cHppfjyKae&aom umvü þodkYaom cHwyfudk aooyfusepGm tkyfcsKyfwnfaqmufum aphpyfaom ppfa&;tpDtrHudkjyKvkyfEdkifpGrf;olum; olrSwyg; tjcm;rnfolrQ r&SdEdkifawmh[k ,HkMunfaerdonf/

]]aersdK;&Jxif? aersdK;&Jzsm;eYJ? r[mrif;acgif


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîðëîðëîðëîðëîðë


ocF,mwdkY a&SUxGufcJhprf;...}}i,f&G,fEkysdKaom wyfrª;oHk;a,mufa&SUxGuf

vmMuonf/ olwdkYoHk;OD;rSm aoG;aq;uefwdkufyGJwGif]yGJ&} emrnfausmfcJholrsm;yif/

]]rif;wkdYoHk;a,mufudk wpfjcm;wpfae&mvTwf&vdrfhr,f}}

olu aersdK;&Jxif\ ycHk;udk zufí ajymonf/

]]usdKufuvGefyGefapwDae&mrSm wdkYcHwyfi,fwpfck aqmuf&vdrfhtHk;r,f? apwDy&0kPfeJY &ifjyifawmudk ywfNyD; cHwyfwHwdkif; wm½dk;aqmufMu&r,f}}

aersdK;&Jxif\ rsufESmjyifü ppfaoG;wdkYeDjref; aeonfudk awGUMu&avonf/

]]&efol[m 'D "EkjzLcHwyfBuD;udk a&mufrvmcif rif;wdkY usdKufuvGefyGefcHwyfeJY t&ifawGUap&r,f/yGJMurf;awGU&vdrfhr,f? Mum;vm;? aoewfwpfurf;wdkufyGJawG trsm;qHk;&Sdr,f}}

aoewfvufajzmifh wyfrª;i,foHk;OD;rSm&ifudk rwfrwfrm;rm; aumhcsDí olYtrdefYudk em;


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îðêîðêîðêîðêîðê


axmif aeMuonf/]]tm;ukefoGefwdkufMu vlav;wdkY? 'DwpfcgwdkY

cHwyfwdkufyGJ[m tqHk;tjzwfwdkufyGJyJ? igawmhighudk,fig o&P*HkwifNhyD;NyD? jzpfav&mb0wdkif;rSm trdEkdifiHawmfeJY trsdK;bmom omoemudk apmifha&SmufumuG,f&wJh ppfonfawmfyJjzpf&ygvdk\vdkYvJqkawmif;NyD;NyD? rif;wkdYvJ usdKufuvGefyGefapwDrSmcHwyfraqmufcif o&P*Hkwif? qkawmif;Mu[kwfvm;}}

wyfrª;rsm;u olYpum;tqHk;ü &,fMuonf/uREkfyfrlr&,frd/ usdKufuvGefyGefodkYoGm;rnfh wyfrª;i,foHk;a,muftwGuf pdwfylaerdonf/

xkdaeY naerSmyif wyfrSL;oHk;a,mufwkdYxGufoGm;Muonf/ uREfkyfwkdYwyfrsm;um; wkdufavSBuD;rsm;ay:odkY ajcmufaygif'g? udk;aygif;'gESihfq,fhESpfaygif'gtajrmufBuD;rsm;ukd wif&onfhtvkyfjzihfxkdnwpfnvHk; rtdyfMu/

]]aemufaeY wpfreufcif;vHk; tdyfcsdefay;r,f?'Dwpfnawmh tajrmufawGtm;vHk; avSay:tNyD;


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîðéîðéîðéîðéîðé


wifMu}}[k oluqkdonf/odkYaomf... aemufaeYwpfreufcif;vHk;

tdyf&m0ifcGifhr&Mu/ taMumif;rlum; NAdwdoQwkdYxHrSolwkdYAdkvfcsKyf\ o0PfvTmwpfapmifukd ,laqmifvmaom tvHukdifwyfzGJUwpfck a&mufvmaomaMumihfaywnf;/

À À À


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îðèîðèîðèîðèîðè


3NAdwdoQtvHukdifwyfzGJU\ o0PfvTmukd

uREfkyfzwfjy&onf/AdkvfcsKyf aumhwGef\ o0PfvTmyif jzpfav

onf/ o0Pfyg taMumif;t&mum; vufeufcstnhHcH&ef pufem&Dwpfem&DtwGif; taMumif;jyef&ef &mZoHay;jcif;yif/

&efolAkdvfcsKyf\ o0PfukdMum;&aomtcgwyfrif;rsm; ½SL;½SL;&Sm;&Sm; a'goxGufukefMuonf/olurl yuwdat;aq;wnfNidrfpGm uREfkyfbufvSnhfítrdefYay;vkdufavonf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîðçîðçîðçîðçîðç


]]AkdvfaersKd;&Jacgifausmf? jyefMum;o0Pfa&;yg...}}

uREfkyftoihfjzpfonfESihf olYqDrS jywfom;aom pum;vHk;rsm; wpfvHk;pD xGufvmavonf/

]]owkd; ok"r® r[mAE¨Kvu AdkvfcsKyfaumhwGeftm; jyefMum;odapvkdufonf..../

oifESihfuREfkyfwkdYonf rdrdwkdif;jynftwGuftoD;oD;ppfwkdufaeMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ r,drf;r,kdifckcHaerIukd oifawGUjrifae&NyD/ uREfkyfukdEkdifvQif oifh*kPfodu©mudk xdef;xm;Ekdifonf/ rdwfaqGtjzpf "EkjzLcHwyfukd Munfh½IvkdvQif uREfkyfudk,fwkdifvkdufvHjyornf/ &efoltjzpfvmvQif urf;odkYwufí wyfcsif;,SOfEkdifonf...}}

aumhwGef\tvHukdifwyfzGJUonf/ olYukdtav;jyKum ol\cefYnm;aom o0Pfukd,líjyefoGm;Muavonf/

tvHukdifwyfzGJUjyefoGm;NyD;aemuf olu uREfkyfukd teD;odkYac:í...

]]udk&if 'Dnae usKyfukd txl;wvnfulnD


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îïðîïðîïðîïðîïð


p&mwpfck&Sdw,f}}[kajymonf/ uREfkyfu ]bmvJrif;BuD;}[k

ar;&m ]usKyfqDom vmcJhyg}[k qkdavonf/naebufwGif cHwyftwGif;&Sd olYpHtdrfodkY

uREfkyf0ifonf/BuD;rm;vSaom aowåmBuD;oHk;vHk;ukd olESihf

twl awGU&onf/olu uREfkyfukd aowåmzGihfckdif;aeí txJrS

ypönf;rsm;ukd xkwfaponf/ ckdifcefYaomykd;BudK;rsm;ESihfcsnfxm;onhf rIdif;ukdifpuúLxkyfrsm;ukd xkwf,l&onf/BudK;jznfí puúLukd cGmvkdufaomtcg...

]][if...}}]]tJ'gawGyJudk&if? usKyf 'gukd toHk;jyKcGihf

BuHKawmhr,f? ukdif;...usKyfukd ulygtHk;}}yxrOD;pGm xlxJaom uwåDygukd,fusyfukd

olYukd,fay:ü 0wfay;&onf/ xkdYaemuf atmufcHuwåDygay:wGif aMu;rIdyGihfrsm;ukd yef;uGufazmfí½dkufxm;aomtusÐ/ xkdYaemuf aMu;rIdtuGuf½kdufxm;onhf tarm0kdif;vnfyif;tkyf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîïïîïïîïïîïïîïï


oHuGif;qufjzihf&ufonhf em;umonf ycHk;txd qufaeonf/

vufarmif;ae&mwGif xlxJaomoHjym;rsm;wpfbufwpfcsuf zHk;tkyfxm;onf/ vufzsHae&mwGifrl wHawmifqpfrS vufaumuf0wftxd vufukdtm;vHk;zHk;rdatmif oHjym;acgif;yGukd acGo@mefzHk;umxm;onf/ &ifbwftonf;ESvHk;ESihf &ifñGefYwnhfwnfhae&mwGifrl oHjym;t0kdif;BuD;wpfjym;pDukd zHk;tkyfay;&onf/

aygifae&mwGifrl tjyifwpfbufwpfcsufqDrS oHjym;rsm;&Sdaeonf/ 'l;rSajczsm;ukdif xlxJaomuwåDyg zdeyf&SnfBuD;um; t0wf&tcufqHk;yif/yef;yGihfazmf cg;pnf;BudK;udkvnf; xlxyfpGm pnf;ay;&onf/

ab;wpfbufwpfcsufwGif oHeef;BudK;uav;rsm;ukd aphpyfxlxJpGm uGif;quf,ufazmufxm;onfh em;umESpf&Gufygaom oHjym;um carmufukdaqmif;NyD;aomtcgwGifum; olYtwGuf ]oHcsyf0wfpHkqifjref;jcif;}} trI NyD;pD;avonf/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îïîîïîîïîîïîîïî


oHcsyf0wfpHkrSm tjriftm;jzihf BuD;rm;cefYnm;oavmuf 0wfqifvIyf&Sm;&mwGif ayghyg;vSonfukdawGU&onf/ olu eef;BudK;ao;ao;rQifrQifav;rsm;cwfxm;aomvuftdwftwGif;&Sd vufacsmif;rsm;ukdqkyfcsnf jzefYcsnfjyKvsuf/

]]usKdufuvGefyGef cHwyfwkdufyGJNyD;&if NAdwdoQawG "EkjzLcHwyfukd rqkdif;rwGvmMurS aocsmw,f?wyfawGtm;vHk;ukd ppfvSefY ppfEId;xm;&vdrhfr,f}}

]]&efolYppfoabFmawG[m {&m0wDjrpfxJrSmtwHk;t½Hk; jzpfukefMurSmyg AdkvfcsKyf}}

"EkjzLcHwyfBuD;\tiftm;ukd pdwfcs,HkMunfpGmjzihf uREfkyfu jyefajymvkdufonf/

ol £aÈ´BuD;&ihfpGm NyHK;onf/cHwyfuif;wm0ef vJvS,fonhftcsufay;

armif;oHxGufay:vmonf/

À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîïíîïíîïíîïíîïí


4waygif;vqef;\ nOhfOD;tcsdefonf uREfkyf

wkdYvkdcsifaomtarSmifukd aumif;pGmay;wwfonf/cHwyftwGif;&Sd opfyifarQmfpifxufrSMunhf

vkduffvQif rIefysys {&m0wDjrpfjyifukd us,fjyef&Sif;vif;pGm awGUae&onf/ jrpfjyifxufwGifum; rnf;rnf;o@mefrsm;u tpkta0;vkduf ra&GUrvsm; &SdaeMuonf/ xkdo@mefrsm;um; NAdwdoQ ppfoabFmrsm;yif/

usKdufuvGefyGef cHwyfi,fESpfckwGif jyif;xefaomwkdufyGJrsm; jzpfay:NyD;cJhNyD? &efolwdkYu tajrmufESihf 'Hk;rsm;ukd toHk;jyKcJhMuonf/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îïìîïìîïìîïìîïì


cHwyftwGif; aoewfwpfurf; wkdufyGJrsm;ay:cJhonf/

olwkdYbufrS ppfaMumif;ESpfaMumif;OD;pD;uyÜwdef? uyÜwdefuifEGefwdkY usqHk;oGm;cJhovkd uREfkyfwkdYbufrS AdkvfaersKd;&Jxif usqHk;cJh&onf/

usKdufuvGefyGef cHwyfwkdufyGJwGif &efolwkdYtiftm;avsmhyg;oGm;cJhonfum; trSefyif/

NAdwdoQwkdYonf &Sdxm;aom tiftm;jzihfuREfkyfwkdY "EkjzLcHwyfukd rwkduf&JaMumif; aocsmvSonf/

jrpfjyifwGif ausmufcs&if; cHwyfukd vuf0J?vusfmawmifpHn§yfí vjcrf;o@mef0ef;&yf wyfpGJxm;Muonf/ olwkdY ppfulapmihfaeMuonf/

]]tay:qHk;tqihfxd wufMur,f}}oluajymajymqkdqkd opfyifarQmfpif\tay:

qHk;txyfokdY qufwufoGm;onf/uREfkyfESihf tjcm;AdkvfrSL;wyfri;frsm;vnf; olY

aemufrS vkdufcJhMuonf/]]rSefajymif;}}


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîïëîïëîïëîïëîïë


tay:qHk;xyfokdY a&mufa&mufcsif; olujrpfjyifodkY vSrf;Munhfum rSefajymif;awmif;onf/

olYvufxJodkY rSefajymif;&Snf xnhfay;vdkufonf/

&efolwyfrsm;xHrS odrf;ykduf&&Sdonhfypönf;rsm;wGif tajrmufusnfrsm;ESihf rSefajymif;rsm;rSmuREfkyfwkdYzkdY toHk;t0ifqHk;yif jzpfavonf/

rSefajymif;ukd wa&GUa&GU ae&ma&TUvsuf olMunfhonf/

]]jrpfnmqDu a&GUvmwJhoabFmawGukd awGU&w,f? jynfukdqefoGm;wJh AdkvfcsKyfuif;bJ&JUwyfawGppfulvmNyDeJY wlw,f? MunhfMuprf;...}}

AdkvfrSL;oHk;a,mufuvnf; rSefajymif;rsm;xkwfí MunhfMuonf/

olwkdYuvnf; wa&GUa&GUckwfarmif;vmaomoabFmrsm;ukd jrif&aMumif; ajymavonf/

]]olwdkY oabFmcsif; yl;aygif;rdoGm;NyD;&ifuif;vSnfhxGufrSm aocsmw,f? wkdY aoewform;awGavSwpfpif; vlig;q,fcGJNyD; xGufwkduf&r,f?qkdif&m


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îïêîïêîïêîïêîïê


wyfawGukd trdefYqihfprf;? vr0ifcif tarSmifukdtumtuG,f,lNyD; xGufwkdufr,f}}

uREfkyfwkdY arQmfpifxufrS qif;cJhMuonf/rMumrDrSmyif ppfarmif;oHrsm;? wHykd;c&moH

rsm;? trdefYoHrsm; cHwyftwGif; aomaomnHoGm;avonf/

cHwyfypöif&ifxm;&Sd tajrmufwyfzGJUrsm;tm;vHk;onf tqifoihf/ cHwyftjyif usKH;wpfbufwGifvnf; jrif;wyfpkrsm; tqifoihf/

{&m0wDjrpf a&jyifxJokdY xGufcGmoGm;onf/uREfkyfwkdY\ aoewform;wif avSrsm;onf

nOhftarSmifatmuf0,f nifompGm vIyf&Sm;aeMuavonf/

cHwyftwGif;rS wkdufyGJp&ef tcsufay;vkdufonfh tajrmufoHBuD; wkef[nf;oGm;onf/

wpfqufwnf;rSmyif uREfkyfwkdY\ aoewform;rsm;qDrS wajzmif;ajzmif; aoewfrD;aygufusnfoHrsm; ay:vmonf/

"EkjzLwkdufyGJukd uREfkyfwkdY\ tajrmufqefjzifh


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîïéîïéîïéîïéîïé


zGifhvSpfvkdufNyD/apmapmu rnf;arSmifwdwfqdwfaeaom

{&m0wDonf csufcsif;yif tajrmufoHrsm;? pdefajymif;oHrsm;jzihf vif;xdefqlnHoGm;onf/ rD;usnfrsm;\NydK;jyufaom tvif;a&mifatmufwGif &efolYppfoabFmrsm;ukd txift&Sm; awGUvkduf&onf/

{&m0wDESihf "EkjzLcHwyf\ txufaumif;uifum; aeYcif;umvESihf rjcm;awmh/ wpfcJeuf qlnHaeaom tajrmufoHrsm;tMum; w0kef;0kef;aygufuGJaeaom AHk;qefrsm;tMum;wGif a&TUajymif;ul;vl;umwyfzGJUrsm;ukd trdefYay;aeonhf olYtoGifukd ae&mwkdif;wGif awGUae&onf/

vlomrefru ewfbDvl; ppfonfwrQ]yGJ0if}aeaomolYukdMunhfí wyfom;rsm;tm;vHk; wuf<uaeMuonf/

tajrmufqef? AHk;qefwkdY aygufuGJoHrsm;tMum;wGif uREfkyfwdkY\ ppfarmif;oHrsm;uvnf;wa0a0/

À À À


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îïèîïèîïèîïèîïè


5uREfkyfwkdY\ tajrmufwifavSBuD; q,fhig;pD;

tcsdefrSefuif;vSnhfaeonhf a&v,fuRef;ukd &efolwkdYu AHk;ysHrsm;jzihf zsufqD;um a&v,fuRef;ay:odkYwufa&muf wyfpGJvkdufMuavonf/

xkdYjyif uif;bJ\ Munf;aMumif;csDwyfronfcHwyf\ajrmufbuf a&S;a[mif;apwDae&mwGifuwkwfusif;rsm;wl;vsuf tajccHppfpcef; jyKvkyfvkdufMuonf/ apwDywfvnfwGif ajrjrKyfAHk;rsm;wl;jrKyfxm;Muonf[kvnf; uREfkyfwkdY tckdiftrmowif;&xm;NyD;jzpfonf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîïçîïçîïçîïçîïç


onfMum;xJwGif uREfkyfwkdYu cHwyfwGif;rSaeí ta0;ypftajrmufBuD;rsm;jzihf tjyif;txefqD;BudKypfcwfaeonhfMum;xJu olwkdY\'kdif,memtrnf&Sd ppfoabFmu cHwyfqDodkYcsDvmonf/ &efolYa&wyfrsm;csDvmaepOf Munf;aMumif;wyfrS pdefajymif;rsm;jzihf cHwyfa&SUykdif;ukd ypfay;aeMuonf/

cHwyftwGif;odkY w0kef;0kef; usa&mufaygufuGJaeaom tajrmufqefrsm;um; rkd;&GmonfESihfrjcm;rD;ckd;vHk;BuD;rsm;u ae&mwkdif;wGif wvdyfvdyfwufaeonf/

ypöif&ifwm;ay:&Sd tajrmufwyfzGJUrsm;um;tajrmufwyfom;rsm; vlcsif;vJí ravmufEkdifawmh/tcsKdUae&mrsm;wGifum; tajrmufwyfom;rsm; tpkvkduf? tNyHKvkduf usqHk;aeMuonf/ ta0;ypftajrmufBuD;tcsKdUrSm vHk;0oHk;r&awmhatmif ysufpD;oGm;Muonf/ uREfkyfwkdY þrQoJoJrJrJ ypfaeonhfMum;xJu &efolYa&wyfonf cHwyfukdvGefí txufbufrSMunf;aMumif;wyfESihf yl;aygif;rdoGm;avonf/

]]jrpfurf;bufukd tajrmuftm;vHk;vSnhf}}


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îîðîîðîîðîîðîîð


oludk,fwkdifyif trdefYay;NyD;NyD;csif; tajrmufwpfvufukd jrpfurf;buf vSnhfcsdefvkdufonf/

]]Ad kvfaers K d ;& Jacgifausm f ...cHwyfausmbufwHcg;ukd oGm;zGihf...}}

olYtrdefYtwkdif; uREfkyfcHwyfatmufqif;cJh&onf/ aemufwHcg;ukd zGifhvkdufonf/

cPtMumwGif vHk;0r,HkEkdifp&m jrifuGif;wpf&yfukd awGU&awmhonf/

armif;oHrsm; w'l'lay:vmonf/ppfarmif;oHrsm;Mum;wGif a&SUqHk;okdYwkdufqif

rsm;? aemufjrif;wyf? xkdYaemuf ajcvsifwyf/qifwpfpD;wGif wyfom; ig;a,mufESihf

tajrmufpdefajymif;ESpfvufpD wifvmonf/þrQaom tcsdeftwGif; þodkYaomwyfukd

vQyfwpfjyufpDrHvkdufEdkifolrSm olrSvGJí tjcm;rnfolrQ r&SdEkdif/

]]&efolYvusfmawmifyHukd 0ifwkdufMur,f?taocHwyfzGJUxGuf}}

a&TxD;atmufrSxGufum oludk,fwkdifa&SUqHk;rS


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîîïîîïîîïîîïîîï


wkdufqifay:odkY wufvkdufonf/xkdYaemuf cHwyfausmbufwHcg;rS xGufcGm

oGm;avonf/jrpfbuf rsufESmjyifwGifvnf; wNcdrfhNcdrfh

ypfMuqJ/naerkd;csKyfrS qifwyfjyefa&mufvmonf/oGm;pOfu qif q,hfckESpfpD;/,ck tjyefwGifum; qif q,fpD;omygvm

awmhonf/olpD;vmaom wkdufqifBuD;rSmvnf; usnf

oihf'Pf&mrS aoG;rsm; tvl;vl;tvdrf;vdrf;/oludk,fwkdifrSmrl 'Pf&mwpfpHkwpf&mr&cJh/

yuwd vef;qef;vsufyif/olYoHcsyf0wfpHku aumif;pGm tumtuG,f

ay;[efwlayonf/odkYaomf wkdufyGJtajctaeukd uREfkyf&dyfpm;

rdvkdufayNyD/uif;bJ\ Munf;aMumif; ppfulwyfukd vusfm

awmifyHrS NzdKzsufypf&ef oludk,fwkdifOD;pD;í xGuf


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îîîîîîîîîîîîîîî


onf/odkY&mwGif &efolYtajrmuf'Hk;usnftiftm;ukd

razmufom/ ta&;awmfrvSbJ cHwyfwGif;odkYjyefqkwfcJh&NyD/

&efolonf a&wyf? Munf;wyf qufrdoGm;ayNyD/

"EkjzLcHwyfBuD;onf txufbufrS wpfae&m? taemufbufrS wpfae&m? awmifyHESpfckjzefYum t0kdif;cHvdkuf&NyD/

oHcsyf0wfpHk vuftdwfrsm;ukdcRwf&if; oluuREfkyfukd trdefYay;onf/

]]AdkvfaersKd;&Jacgifausmf? aejynfawmfukdo0PfydkYyg? twGif;0efr[mOZemeJY r[mrif;acgif&JxifwkdY&JU tiftm;ig;axmifwyfukd ppfulykdYzkd YtaMumif;}}

À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîîíîîíîîíîîíîîí


¬½»ºå øïð÷

1q,fh&Spfaygif'g tajrmufqefrsm; ajzmajzm

usaeonf/wnOfhvHk; tqufrjywf aygufuGJaeaom

pdefajymif;oHrsm;aMumihf uREfkyfrSm em;uGJrwwf jzpfaeonf/

qihfuJqihfuJ ay:xGufaeaom aygufuGJoHrsm;atmufwGif cHwyfBuD;rSm tysuftpD; wjznf;jznf; rsm;vmonf/

jrpfbufrsufESm&Sd ypöif&ifwm;rsm;um; txdckduftrsm;qHk;yif/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îîìîîìîîìîîìîîì


w0kef;0kef; aygufuGJvGihfpifaeaom AHk;qefwpfcsKdUukd wdrf;a&Smif&if; olu Adkvfrsm;tm;vHk;ukdpk½Hk;qihfac:onf/

urlwpfckay:odkY ol wufvkdufonf/vif;p aea&mifjcnfonf opfyifarQmfpif

Mum;rS xkd;azmufum olYrsufESmay:odkY usa&mufvsuf&Sdonf/

]]aoG;aomufwkd Y...vufeuf vl oltiftm;csif; tqrwefuGmjcm;wJhtwGuf igwkdY tckta&;awmf ysufjy,fp jyKvmw,f/ 'gayr,hfppfonfawmf&JU 0D&d,eJYowådukd wpGef;wprS rxdckdufbl;vkdY ig,HkMunfw,f}}

rvSrf;rurf;qDwGif usa&mufaygufuGJaomAHk;qefaMumihf ol&yfae&mqDodkY ajrrIefYrsm; wzGm;zGm;vGihfpifusvmonf/

rD;ckd;vHk;rsm;? zkefvHk;rsm;aMumihf olYtoGifyif½kwfw&uf aysmufoGm;onf/

uREfkyf rcsKyfwD;Edkif? atmf[pfvkdufrdonf/]]AHk;qefawG pdyfvGef;ygw,f rif;BuD;? tum


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîîëîîëîîëîîëîîë


tuG,f,lNyD; aeyg}}uREfkyf\ atmfoHonfvnf; aemufxyf

qifhuJ aygufuGJvk dufaom AHk;oHatmufwGifaysmufuG,foGm;jyefonf/

rD;ckd;vHk;rsm; vGihfyg;usJpifoGm;onf/apmapmu ae&mwGif ol&yfaeqJ? ra&TU

rajymif;...]]ppfolBuD; xif&Sm; &SdaeygvsufeJY ta&;

awmfysufcJh&if &mZ0ifnd§K;i,fvSonf/ ppfolBuD;usqHk;vkdY ta&;ysuf&w,fqkd&ifawmh wkdif;jynfukdyJjzpfjzpf? rif;wkdYukdyJjzpfjzpf tjypfqkdp&mr&Sdbl;? tckig&Sdaeao;w,f? ta&;awmf rysufap&bl;? trdwkdif;jynfeJY vlrsKd;&JU*kPfukd aemufqHk;tcsdeftxd igwkdYaqmifMuOf;MupdkY? &efolYAHk;qefukd raMumufr&GHU &ifqdkifMupdkY...}}

urlxufrS olqif;onf/ vufrwifav;yifjzpfawmhonf/ olqif;NyD;í csufcsif;rSmyif urlxufodkY AHk;qefwpfqef wnhfwnfhBuD; xdrSefaygufuGJavonf/ ajrpkdifcJrsm; zGm;ueJvGihfpifoGm;um em;uGJ


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îîêîîêîîêîîêîîê


rwwf toHBuD;ay:vm\/]]rif;xifrif;acgif...vmprf;...}}AdkvfrSL;rif;xifrif;acgif a&SUodkY wkd;xGufoGm;

onf/rif;xifrif;acgifum; ol\ nDt&if;

jzpfavonf/odkYaomf r0Hhr&J[ef&Sdaom rif;xifrif;acgif

ukd uREfkyfoabmrawGUvSay/]]igr&Sd&if cHwyfukd rif; wm0ef,l&r,f

Mum;vm;...}}rif;xifrif;acgifu awGa0pGm &yfaeonf/

olu olYnDukd wpfcsufrQapGMunhfum tajrmufwyfzGJU&Sd&modkY vSnhfxGufoGm;onf/ uREfkyfvnf; olYaemufrSvkdufvmcJhonf/

wefcl;aeonf wjznf;jznf; jrifhwufvmonf/

]]a[h...'DrSm 'Pf&m&wJhvloHk;a,muf&Sdaew,f/

rif;wdkY cGmMuawmh vlvJNyD;ypfMu}}


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîîéîîéîîéîîéîîé


tajrmufwpfvuf teD;wGifol&yfí pDpOfaeonf/ cHwyf\ajrmufbuftpyfodkY uREfkyfwkdYa&mufvmMuonf/ þae&mum; AHk;qefwdkY taygufuGJqHk; tajrmufqefrsm; txlxyfqHk; us&mae&mjrpfjyifqDrSm w&TD&TDysHoef;vmaom AHk;qefrsm;onfuREfkyfwkdY\ 0J,ma&SUaemuf 0ef;usifwGif w0kef;0kef;aygufuGJaeavonf/

tajrmufAHk;oHrsm;ukd olMum;rSMum;ygavp[k uREfkyfxifrdonf/

olonf þrQtqufrjywf xGufay:aeaom aygufuGJoHrsm;ukd vspfvsL½Ium tajrmufqefrsm;ukd udk,fwkdif0ifo,fay;onf/

peufwefukd ukd,fwkdifrD;½IdUonf/tajrmufwyfzGJU&Jrufrsm;onf olwkdYAdkvfcsKyf

ukd þodkYawGU&aomtcg twkdif;tod wuf<uaeavonf/

ajrBuD;wkefcgoGm;onhf aygufuGJoHBuD;wpfoHMum;vkduf&onf/

ajrmufbufqDrS....


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îîèîîèîîèîîèîîè


]]a[h...'g[m Muufwkdufukef;bufqDur[kwfvm;...}}

]][kwfygw,f AdkvfcsKyf....}}]]ig...tJ'DbufoGm;rSyJ? aumifav;awG

ae&mt,lrSefMu&JUvm; rodbl;}}]]AdkvfcsKyfroGm;ygeJY...AdkvfcsKyf? Muufwkduf

ukef;bufrSm AHk;xlyfxyfvGef;vSygw,f}}]]AdkvfcsKyf...roGm;eJY}}]]roGm;ygeJY...rif;BuD;? tJ'DukdroGm;ygeJY..}}tm;vHk; awmif;yefaeMuoHrsm;Mum;xJrS ol

xGufvmonf/olYaemufrS xufMuyfvkdufyg&efrSty tjcm;

r&Sdawmh/Muufwkdufukef;onf tjrihfbufusaom

ae&mjzpfav\/ajrjyifum; txyfxyf x,fxkd;xm;aom

v,fuGif;ESihfrjcm; jzpfaeayNyD/ ae&mwkdif;wGif rGrGBuJaeonf/ tqufrjywfaom aygufuGJoHrsm;jzihfwpfcJeuf qlnHaeonf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîîçîîçîîçîîçîîç


]]&JrufwkdY...&efoloabFmukd wnhfwnhfcsdefvTwfMua[h...}}

tajrmufwpfvufaemufodkY oloGm;onf/'Pf&m&xm;aom &Jrufwpfa,mufukd olayGUcsDumusif;xJodkYcsay;onf/ xkd&Jrufae&modkY ol0if,lavonf/ tajrmufqefukd rD;½IdUonf/

xkdtckdufrSmyif OygysHouJhodkYaom toHBuD;wpfoHukd jrpfjyifqDrS Mum;vkduf&onf/ uREfkyfwpfudk,fvHk;&Sd aoG;rsm; &yfwefYoGm;onf/ w&TD&TDoHBuD;ukdMum;ae&if;rSyif þtoHESifhtwl ysHoef;vmrnhf AHk;qefonf olESihfwnhfwnhfae&modkY a&muf&SdaygufuGJawmhrnf[k uREfkyftvkdvkd odvkdufonf/

uREfkyfbmudkrQ rjrifawmh...]]rif;BuD;...AHk;ysHvmaeNyD}}toHukefatmf&if; olYqDodkY wpf[kefxkd;ajy;

0ifvkduf\/AHk;ysHxuf tvsifOD;pGm uREfkyfa&mufEdkif&rnf/ajrpkdifcJrsm; uREfkyfteD;wpf0kdufwGif vGihfpif

aeonf/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îíðîíðîíðîíðîíð


rD;cdk;vHk;rsm;tMum; wkd;0ifcJhonf/tvJvJtNydKNydK twkd;wkd;ta0SUa0SUjzifh.../]]rif;BuD;...usif;xJckefcsyg...ckefcsyg}}ysufpD;aeaom tajrmufwpfvufukd

0ifwkdufrdaomaMumihf uREfkyfwvdrfhacgufauG; vdrfhusonf/

emusifrIukd arhaysmufvsuf jyefxonf/w&T D& T DtoHBuD;u yk dí us,favmif

vmaeqJ.../]]rif;BuD;...}}jyif;xefvSaom aygufuGJoHBuD;wpfck/ywf0ef;usifwcGifvHk; NydK;jyuf0if;xdefoGm;

aom jrifuGif;.../xkdYaemuf rD;ckd;vHk;BuD;rsm; wvdyfvdyf/]]rif;BuD;...}}tajrmufi,fonf iSufarG;wpfyiftvm;

avxJwGif vGihfpOfoGm;onf/rD;ckd;rsm;aMumifh usdef;pyf ylavmifaeaom

rsufpdukd tm;,lí zGihfMunhfvkdufonf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîíïîíïîíïîíïîíï


vGihfpifoGm;aom tajrmufESihftwl avxJwGif ajrmufygoGm;aom o@mefwpfck.../

xkdo@mefonf atmufbufusif;xJodkYusoGm;onf/

uREfkyf ckefcsvkdufonf/bk&m;...bk&m;...? ol...ol...vGwfygap/ydwfqkdYaeaom rD;ckd;vHk;rsm;xJokdY uREfkyf

0ifcJhonf/wpfpHkwpfckESihf 0ifwkdufonf/bmrQrjrif&/wkefaeaomvufESihf xkdt&mukd prf;oyf

Munhfvkdufonf/ylaEG;ap;xef;onhft&nfrsm;.../ESvHk;onf cHwGif;aygufrSwqifh vGihfpifxGuf

oGm;awmhrnf xif&onf/jrpfjyifbufrS avjyif;wpfcsuf a0honf/Muufwkdufukef;xuf&Sd rD;ckd;rsm; csufcsif;

vGihfoGm;onf/usKd;aMuruf BudwfcJxm;&onhftwGuf


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îíîîíîîíîîíîîíî


tHoGm;rsm;emusifaeonf/rsuf&nfwkdYjzihf roJruGJjzpfaeaomfvnf;

aumif;pGm jrif&ayNyD/&J&JeDaom aoG;wkdYtvdrf;vdrf;&TJpdkaeonhf olY

rsufESmjyifxufqDrS pl;&Saom rsufpdtpHkwdkYonf"EkjzLcHwyf\ ta&SUbuf {&m0wDjrpfjyifbufqDodkYMunhfvsufom;.../

&efolYppfoabFmrsm;&Sd&m t&yfodkYMunhfvsufom;.../

olYaoG;rsm;onf uREfkyf\ rsuf&nfrsm;ESihfa&moGm;onf/

]]&efolukd qufwkdufvkdY trdefYay;cJhwJhoabmeJY {&m0wDbufudk MunhfoGm;wmvm;ukd&if&,f...}}

À À À


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîííîííîííîííîíí


wefcl;vjynf haeYwGif uREf ky fc Hwyfuk dcGmcJhonf/

wpfOD;wnf;.../ jrif;wpfpD;jzihf.../olYnD rif;xifrif;acgifum; cHwyfukd qufNyD;

rOD;pD;cJh/ol&JabmaMumifaom xkdolonf wyftcsKdY

ESihftwl wdwfwqdwfxGufajy;oGm;onf/tOD;tpD;rJhNyDjzpfaom cHwyfBuD;onf z½kdz&J

jzpf&NyD/wyfrSL;rsm;onf aejynfawmfodkY tjyif;qkwf

oGm;Muonf/


®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼®Å³¿±»³§©¼ îíìîíìîíìîíìîíì


olr&SdawmhNyDjzpfaomaMumihf þppfaMumif;rsm;onf uREfkyftwGuf Avm[if;vif;jzpfoGm;avonf/

Muufwkdufukef;ay:odkY jrif;ukd 'kef;pdkif;vdkufonf/

{&m0wDjrpfxJwGifum; &efoloabFmrsm;tajrmufwpfcsufcsif;azmufum cHwyfqDodkY ckwfarmif;vmaeMuonf/

tcktcHrJhcJhNyDjzpfaom þcHwyfBuD;ukd oif;wkdYrMumrDyif tvG,fwulpD;0if odrf;ydkufMuawmhrnf/

ukef;jrifhwpfae&modkY iHkYMunfhrdonf/ol usqHk;cJhonhfae&m/uscJhonhfrsuf&nfwkdYukd awmufacgufí odrf;

qnf;vkdufonf/oludkifaeus vSH&SnfBuD;udk uspfuspfygatmif

qkyfvkdufonf/jrif;Zufukd wpfbufodkYvSnhf,lvkdufonf/"EkjzLcHwyfukd ,cktcsdefrSpí tNyD;tydkif

pGefYcGm&awmhrnf/


½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õ½° ºÑ Ü å²¼ Õîíëîíëîíëîíëîíë


odkYaomf...olESihfolY0dnmOfurl uREfkyftouf&Sifae

oa&GU umvywfvHk; uREfkyfESihftwl &Sdaevdrhfrnf/rNyD;ao;aom wkdufyGJrsm;twGuf uREfkyf

ESvHk;om;xJwGif oludef;atmif;aevdrhfOD;rnf/rk d;aumif;rS awmifpm;apmfbGm;aersK d;

odefy&mZmukd "EkjzLcHwyfwkdufyGJtaMumif;ESihf BuD;us,fjrihfjrwfpGm olusqHk;oGm;yHktaMumif; uREfkyfajymjy&rnf/

awmifpm;apmfbGm;ESifhtwl uREfkyfonf ol"m;OD;ñTefcJhaom ppfrsufESmrsm;qDodkY wkdufyGJxGuf&OD;rnf/

Muufwkdufukef;wpfbufokdY qif;cJhonf/tjcm;wpfbufwGif "EkjzLcHwyf usef&pfcJh

avawmhonf/

cspfOD;ndK

À À À



Documents

chit oo nyo - Myanmar E-Books · PDF file . ﬁ¯‡¿–»‡§