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Children under three years in FORMAL CARE IN CEE/CIS COUNTRIES The BIG PICTURE IN THE REGION. Presentation by Jean-Claude Legrand Senior Regional Advisor Child Protection UNICEF Regional Office CEE-CIS. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CHILDREN UNDER THREE YEARS
IN FORMAL CARE
IN CEE/CIS COUNTRIES
THE BIG PICTURE IN THE REGION
Presentation by Jean-Claude LegrandSenior Regional Advisor Child Protection
UNICEF Regional Office CEE-CIS
Separation: More children continue to be separated from their families. Children below three are, in general, at higher risk of family separation than older children
Probability of losing parental care for children 0-2 and children 0-17 in 2009 (number of cases per 100,000 children of relevant age)
NB: data for other CEE/CIS countries were not available through TransMonEE.
Numbers: The « positive » overall decrease of the rate of institutionalisation of children 0-3 hides « negative » country specificities
A look at today’s numbers Proportion of children 0-3 in institutions by location (as of 2012)
Rates: Rate of children 0-3 in residential care in 2000 and 2009 (by country and by sub-region)
Trends: A look at the trends in rates 2000 - 2009
Percentages: A look at the percentages of children 0-3 among children 0-17 in institutions
NB: 22,2% is the average percentage of children 0-3 among children 0-17 (if we consider that all age groups are equal – it is therefore an approximation.
Access to services: There is too little use of foster care for children 0-3
Percentage of CEE/CIS countries with foster care for children 0-3 (as of 2012)
The rights of children 0-3 are violated and unrealized when they are placed in institutions
Rights of children 0-3
Impairments linked to institutionalisation
Survival and Development Rights
Right to develop to one’s fullest potential
Right to health
Rights to adequate food
Right to protection of a family life
Right to leisure and recreation
.
Rights of children 0-3
Impairments linked to institutionalisation
Protection Rights
Freedom from discrimination
Protection from abuse and neglect
Protection from sale, trafficking and abduction
Rights of children 0-3
Impairments linked to institutionalisation
Participation Rights
Respect for the views and feelings of the young child
Right to a private life
The right to a personal history
CEE/CIS States have an obligation to Respect, Protect and Fulfil the rights of children 0-3 contained in the CRC
1) An equity issue …
Reasons for the institutionalisation of
children below 3 years of age in Western Europe countries
parental abuseor neglect
orphans
disability
social reasons
Reasons for the institutionalisation of
children below 3 years of age in Central and Eastern
Europe countries
parentalabuse orneglecttrue orphans
disability
socialreasons
Source: EU Daphné Programme (2004)
Western Europe Vs. Central and Eastern Europe…
Specialists Vs. Mothers… a case study from the Karaganda oblast, Kazakhstan (2011)
The profile of a mother who is forced to abandon a child …
“aged about 25, with more than 3 children, illiterate or without completed education,
unemployed before the birth of the abandoned child, with about BGN 85 monthly income per household member, with Roma ethnic identity
(54.7%), living in a village or in a small town, the father is unknown or reluctant to recognize the
child”.
UNICEF Bulgaria (2010)
- Unity and stability of the family:- .- Age of the mother:
- Size of the family:
- Health of parents and children:
- Disability of the parents or the child:
- Low level of education of the parents
- Parental abuse and neglect (lack of statistics)
- Financial issues:
Any factor, including financial issues is sufficient to lead to institutionalization but set the stage for conditions by which other elements can lead to institutionalization.
PERSONAL AND FAMILY FACTORS
MAIN SOCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS
THE WAY FORWARD
FOCUSING ON RESULTS
UNICEF’s Call to Action: END PLACING CHILDREN UNDER THREE YEARS IN INSTITUTIONS
1. Legislative changes limiting to last resort, and setting strict conditions for, the placement into institutional care of children below three years;
2. Allocation of resources giving priority to the development of appropriate local services allowing alternative solutions for children below three with special attention to the needs of children with disabilities;
3. Proper budget allocation for supporting vulnerable families through the development of appropriate family-based responses and services;
4. Capacity-building and standards of practice for maternity ward and paediatric hospital staff to support parents of newborns with a disability and parents from most vulnerable groups, in order to discourage institutionalisation;
5. Partnership with media and civil society to promote social inclusion of children deprived of parental care and children with disabilities.
The 5 core interventions:
Helping governments …
- Establish a monitoring system of abandonment and relinquishment from maternity hospitals
- Establish patronage nurses and home-visitation
- Improve interaction between social welfare services and health services
- Encourage early mother-to-child relationship
- Improve health and social care professionals’ training
- Establishment of standards of practice
Communications Romania and Azerbaijan
Helping society ….
- Help the general public to be aware of children’s rights and the risks of institutionalisation for children below three years
- Help families to understand more social services available
- Help the public understand the foster care system
- Help people understand discrimination (children of Roma origin and children with disabilities)
“Every Child Needs a Family” campaign (Croatia)