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Bishkek, KyrgyzstanBishkek, Kyrgyzstan, , 31.10-1.11 200631.10-1.11 2006

Community of Practice Meeting Community of Practice Meeting

Millennium Development Goals in CEE Millennium Development Goals in CEE and the CISand the CIS

Europe and CIS

Jacek CukrowskiJacek CukrowskiMDG Advisor, UNDP RBECMDG Advisor, UNDP RBEC

Bratislava Regional CentreBratislava Regional Centre

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Background Background and global MDG agendaand global MDG agenda

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2000 Millennium Summit2000 Millennium Summit

189 heads of state, 189 heads of state, government, sign the government, sign the Millennium DeclarationMillennium Declaration Reaffirm commitments to Reaffirm commitments to

human rights, UN human rights, UN conventionsconventions

Pledged to significantly Pledged to significantly reduce poverty by 2015reduce poverty by 2015

Millennium Millennium Development Goals Development Goals (MDGs) are to monitor (MDGs) are to monitor progress toward progress toward meeting these goalsmeeting these goals

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Structure of MDGsStructure of MDGs

Global agendaGlobal agenda 8 Goals8 Goals

few in number few in number stable over time stable over time easy to communicateeasy to communicate

18 Targets 18 Targets 48 Indicators48 Indicators

Goals and targets Goals and targets Clear time boundaries Clear time boundaries Quantified indicators Quantified indicators

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ExampleExample Reporting on the progressReporting on the progress

Target value

Baseline value

Observed value

Indicator

Source: The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Promises & progress (2002)**

Key

mes

sage

: T

he r

egio

n is

und

erpe

rfor

min

g

Baseline year Target year

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Global agenda: Key Global agenda: Key messagesmessages

MDGs cover only part of the issues MDGs cover only part of the issues included to the Millennium Declarationincluded to the Millennium Declaration ““Good governance” is not included to global MDG Good governance” is not included to global MDG

agendaagenda

Targets and indicators cover only selected Targets and indicators cover only selected issues related to poverty, education, issues related to poverty, education, gender, health, environment, etc.gender, health, environment, etc.

Example:Example: ““achieve universal primary education”achieve universal primary education”

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National MDGs National MDGs

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MDGs in CEEMDGs in CEE In some countries of the region many global In some countries of the region many global

targets were achieved several years agotargets were achieved several years ago EducationEducation Health careHealth care

……but, also in these countries there is still a but, also in these countries there is still a room for national MDG development agendaroom for national MDG development agenda Targets need to be Targets need to be

Adapted to the current level of developmentAdapted to the current level of development Disaggregated (by gender, ethnicity, sub-national Disaggregated (by gender, ethnicity, sub-national

regions, labor market status)regions, labor market status)

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Why disaggregation? Why disaggregation? Example: Employment in HungaryExample: Employment in Hungary

Hungary has relatively Hungary has relatively low rates of:low rates of: PovertyPoverty UnemploymentUnemployment

But if employment rates But if employment rates are disaggregated by are disaggregated by region, ethnicity, we region, ethnicity, we see:see: Only one out of six Only one out of six

Roma in northern Roma in northern Hungary is Hungary is employedemployed

50%

17%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Hungary North, Roma

Employment rates (2004)

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A scale of national A scale of national adjustmentadjustment Europe

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National MDGs: Key National MDGs: Key messagesmessages

Most of the countries in Europe and the Most of the countries in Europe and the CIS adjusted global agenda to national CIS adjusted global agenda to national circumstancescircumstances UNDP’s vs. other (e.g., World Bank) approaches to UNDP’s vs. other (e.g., World Bank) approaches to

MDGs in the regionMDGs in the region

National MDG agendas National MDG agendas (-) Do not allow to make cross country comparison(-) Do not allow to make cross country comparison

(-) (-) Unclear ownershipUnclear ownership

(+) Express real development challenges(+) Express real development challenges

(+) Allow to track progress(+) Allow to track progress

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Regional MDG Report for Regional MDG Report for Europe and the CISEurope and the CIS

ContentsContents IntroductionIntroduction The MDGs and development The MDGs and development

trends in CEE and CIStrends in CEE and CIS National MDG agendasNational MDG agendas Priorities, challenges and Priorities, challenges and

opportunitiesopportunities ConclusionsConclusions AnnexAnnex

A global agenda A global agenda Monitoring progress towards nationally Monitoring progress towards nationally

adopted goals adopted goals Assessing progressAssessing progress

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The Report: Key messagesThe Report: Key messages

MDGs must be adapted to national MDGs must be adapted to national circumstancescircumstances When appropriately applied, MDGs reflect national When appropriately applied, MDGs reflect national

development challengesdevelopment challenges Keys: disaggregation, localisationKeys: disaggregation, localisation

Some countries of the region are on Some countries of the region are on “African” levels of development“African” levels of development Need “African” level of international assistance Need “African” level of international assistance

Good governance a key for achieving MDGsGood governance a key for achieving MDGs Importance of new donorsImportance of new donors

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Is Africa really the world’s Is Africa really the world’s poorest region?poorest region?

$1,106 $1,268 $1,510 $1,744 $1,751 $1,910$2,588

$3,617 $3,671

$7,500

$10,346

$0

$2,000

$4,000

$6,000

$8,000

$10,000

$12,000GDP per capita (PPP, 2003)

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Central Asia is not Africa, Central Asia is not Africa, but ...but ...

MDGs suggest that the MDGs suggest that the poorest CIS countries poorest CIS countries face “African” face “African” challenges:challenges: Per-capita GDPPer-capita GDP Infant mortalityInfant mortality

They should receive They should receive “African” levels of “African” levels of attention from the attention from the international communityinternational community

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Governance mattersGovernance matters

The MDGs are:The MDGs are: linked to the Millennium Declaration linked to the Millennium Declaration not a target-setting exercisenot a target-setting exercise

Millennium Declaration emphasizes:Millennium Declaration emphasizes: democracydemocracy human rightshuman rights

This is a reflection of:This is a reflection of: A commitment to universal values; andA commitment to universal values; and The fact that democratic institutions are often The fact that democratic institutions are often

better able to implement pro-poor economic, better able to implement pro-poor economic, social policiessocial policies

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The region’s “new donors”The region’s “new donors”

Transfer of new EU member states’ transition Transfer of new EU member states’ transition successes particularly important in such areas as:successes particularly important in such areas as: EU, WTO accession, integrationEU, WTO accession, integration Reforming central state structuresReforming central state structures Decentralisation (especially fiscal)Decentralisation (especially fiscal) Working with NGOsWorking with NGOs Remediating environmental hot spotsRemediating environmental hot spots Integrated water resources managementIntegrated water resources management

Also important: Russia, Turkey as creditors, donorsAlso important: Russia, Turkey as creditors, donors Debt relief (Africa, Central Asia)Debt relief (Africa, Central Asia) Technical assistanceTechnical assistance

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Priority challenges and Priority challenges and opportunities opportunities

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Priority challenges and Priority challenges and opportunitiesopportunities

Strengthening national ownership of MDG agendaStrengthening national ownership of MDG agenda

Monitoring MDGs and the role of the civil societyMonitoring MDGs and the role of the civil society

Alignment of MDGs with other development strategiesAlignment of MDGs with other development strategies MDG/PRSP/EU SAP Linkages (Albania)MDG/PRSP/EU SAP Linkages (Albania)

Raising public awareness and MDG campaigningRaising public awareness and MDG campaigning

Need for disaggregated MDGsNeed for disaggregated MDGs Roma in Central and Eastern EuropeRoma in Central and Eastern Europe Disaggregated MDG in LithuaniaDisaggregated MDG in Lithuania

  

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Priority challenges and Priority challenges and opportunities (cont.)opportunities (cont.)

Promoting local development through Promoting local development through MDGsMDGs

Berati Region (Albania) Berati Region (Albania) Kukes MDG Regional Development Strategy (Albania)Kukes MDG Regional Development Strategy (Albania)

MDG needs assessmentMDG needs assessment Work of MDG country team in TajikistanWork of MDG country team in Tajikistan

Global compact and efforts of business Global compact and efforts of business community to support MDG agendacommunity to support MDG agenda

Developing Public Private Partnership in Plock (Poland)Developing Public Private Partnership in Plock (Poland)

Emerging donorsEmerging donors Slovakia’s ODA Cooperation with UNDPSlovakia’s ODA Cooperation with UNDP

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ConclusionsConclusions In Europe and the CIS national approach to In Europe and the CIS national approach to

MDG is requiredMDG is required

Targets and indicators need to be adapted to the Targets and indicators need to be adapted to the current level of developmentcurrent level of development Adaptation of MDGs requires disaggregationAdaptation of MDGs requires disaggregation

MDG reports need to be focused on monitoring MDG reports need to be focused on monitoring the progress not on the analysisthe progress not on the analysis

Key prioritiesKey priorities Strengthening national ownership of MDG agendaStrengthening national ownership of MDG agenda MDG needs assessmentMDG needs assessment Promoting local development through MDGsPromoting local development through MDGs

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Thank you…Thank you…

United Nations Development Programme,United Nations Development Programme,

Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States,Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States,

Bratislava Regional CentreBratislava Regional Centre

http://europeandcis.undp.orghttp://europeandcis.undp.org

Jacek.Cukrowski@undp.orgJacek.Cukrowski@undp.orgEurope and CIS

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AnnexAnnex

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Global MDG agendaGlobal MDG agenda

Goal 1Goal 1:: Halving extreme Halving extreme poverty and hungerpoverty and hunger

Goal 2Goal 2:: Achieving universal primary Achieving universal primary educationeducation

Goal 3Goal 3:: Promoting Promoting gendergender equality equality

Goal 4Goal 4:: Reducing Reducing under-five mortalityunder-five mortality by two-thirds by two-thirds

Goal 5Goal 5:: Reducing Reducing maternal mortalitymaternal mortality by three-quarters by three-quarters

Goal 6Goal 6:: Reversing the spread of Reversing the spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria and TBHIV/AIDS, malaria and TB

Goal 7Goal 7:: Ensuring Ensuring environmental sustainabilityenvironmental sustainability

Goal 8Goal 8:: Developing a Developing a global partnershipglobal partnership for development, for development,

with targets for aid, trade and debt relief with targets for aid, trade and debt relief

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How relevant are MDGs for in How relevant are MDGs for in CEE and CIS countries CEE and CIS countries

– short overview– short overview

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MDG1: Eradicate poverty MDG1: Eradicate poverty and extreme hungerand extreme hunger

More than 1 billion More than 1 billion people live on less people live on less than one dollar per than one dollar per dayday

2/3 of population in 2/3 of population in Tajikistan lives on Tajikistan lives on less than $2.15 per less than $2.15 per dayday

Roma village in eastern Slovakia

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MDG2: Achieve universal MDG2: Achieve universal primary educationprimary education

Globally:Globally: 100 million children are not 100 million children are not

in schoolin school Nearly half the girls in the Nearly half the girls in the

world’s poorest countries world’s poorest countries do not attend schooldo not attend school

In Tajikistan: In Tajikistan: Primary school attendance Primary school attendance

drops from near 100% in drops from near 100% in 1990 to 88% 20031990 to 88% 2003

Declines sharper for girlsDeclines sharper for girls

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MDG3: Promote gender MDG3: Promote gender equality, empower womenequality, empower women

European traditions, European traditions, legacies of socialism legacies of socialism promote relatively promote relatively high levels of gender high levels of gender equality in CIS, CEE equality in CIS, CEE countriescountries

Since 1990, however:Since 1990, however: Male/female wage Male/female wage

gaps have sharpenedgaps have sharpened Female education Female education

attainment rates downattainment rates down

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MDG4: Reduce child MDG4: Reduce child mortalitymortality

104

4855

19

46

1829

10

26

4

21

4

3641

78

92

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Namibia

Vietnam

Romania

Russia

Austria

Czech Rep.

Georgia

Tajikistan

1970

2003

Infant mortality rates (per 1000 live births), 2003

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MDG5: Improve maternal MDG5: Improve maternal healthhealth

Maternal mortality data Maternal mortality data for CIS/CEE countries for CIS/CEE countries favorablefavorable Big declines in maternal Big declines in maternal

mortality rates in Central mortality rates in Central Asia reported since 1990Asia reported since 1990

Other maternal health Other maternal health measures less sanguinemeasures less sanguine Example: access to Example: access to

contraception in Caucasuscontraception in Caucasus

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MDG6: Combat HIV/AIDS, TB, MDG6: Combat HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria, other diseasesmalaria, other diseases

Russia, Ukraine, Russia, Ukraine, Estonia at crucial Estonia at crucial HIV/AIDS thresholdHIV/AIDS threshold Prevalence rates rising Prevalence rates rising

above 1%, going into into above 1%, going into into general populationgeneral population

Tuberculosis is now Tuberculosis is now more common in Russia more common in Russia than in Chinathan in China

64

113

134

178

0

50

100

150

200

TB cases per 100,000 (2001 data)

BrazilChinaRussiaIndia

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MDG7: Ensure MDG7: Ensure environmental sustainabilityenvironmental sustainability

0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

250% CISSEENMS

CIS/CEE countries are CIS/CEE countries are “full of hot air”“full of hot air” Even new EU member Even new EU member

states emit above-average states emit above-average amounts of CO2 per $1 of amounts of CO2 per $1 of GDPGDP

5 of 7 “dirtiest” countries in 5 of 7 “dirtiest” countries in world are in CISworld are in CIS

““Low hanging Kyoto Low hanging Kyoto fruits”fruits” UNDP creating its own UNDP creating its own

carbon fundcarbon fund

CO2/$GDP above global average (2004 data)

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MDG8: Build new MDG8: Build new partnerships for partnerships for

developmentdevelopment Role of new donors Role of new donors

in development in development cooperationcooperation New EU member New EU member

statesstates Russia, TurkeyRussia, Turkey

Importance of Importance of private sector as private sector as development driverdevelopment driver

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Priority challenges and opportunitiesPriority challenges and opportunities

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Priority challenges and opportunitiesPriority challenges and opportunities

Strengthening national ownership of MDG agendaStrengthening national ownership of MDG agenda

Monitoring MDGs and the role of the civil societyMonitoring MDGs and the role of the civil society

Alignment of MDGs with other development strategiesAlignment of MDGs with other development strategies MDG/PRSP/EU SAP Linkages (Albania)MDG/PRSP/EU SAP Linkages (Albania)

Raising public awareness and MDG campaigningRaising public awareness and MDG campaigning

Need for disaggregated MDGsNeed for disaggregated MDGs Roma in Central and Eastern EuropeRoma in Central and Eastern Europe Disaggregated MDG in LithuaniaDisaggregated MDG in Lithuania

  

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Priority challenges and opportunities Priority challenges and opportunities (cont.)(cont.)

Promoting local development through Promoting local development through MDGsMDGs

Berati Region (Albania) Berati Region (Albania) Kukes MDG Regional Development Strategy (Albania)Kukes MDG Regional Development Strategy (Albania)

MDG needs assessmentMDG needs assessment Work of MDG country team in TajikistanWork of MDG country team in Tajikistan

Global compact and efforts of business Global compact and efforts of business community to support MDG agendacommunity to support MDG agenda

Developing Public Private Partnership in Plock (Poland)Developing Public Private Partnership in Plock (Poland)

New partnership for development: New partnership for development: Emerging donorsEmerging donors

Slovakia’s ODA Cooperation with UNDPSlovakia’s ODA Cooperation with UNDP

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