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CHILD POVERTY and factors that affect it
What is child poverty? Child poverty: is a significant lack of the
basic needs required for healthy physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual development.
is also defined as a lack of opportunities a lack of control over one’s life, as
social isolation and as biased treatment at the hands of others.
Facts Many people mistakenly assume that child
poverty is a challenge only people in developing countries are facing.
This is sadly untrue. In Canada, the situation of child poverty has gone from bad to worse.
Canada is one of the richest countries in the world. However, about 1,400,000 of its children live in poverty (almost one and a half million).
Children of single parents and those of aboriginal descent have suffered the most.
Children of full-time working parents make up almost 30% of poor children in Canada
Today, nearly half the world’s 6 billion people lives on less than $2 a day.
poverty is a reality affecting both rich and poor countries.
In developed countries it is estimated that 1 in 10 children live below the poverty line.
Does income affect the rate of child
poverty?
Hypothesis I predict that income affects the
rate of child poverty
Therefore, the greater the income the lower the rate of child poverty
Average income of the Canadian Provinces
average income
010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,000
Newfo
undl
and
Prince
Edw
ard
Islan
d
Nova
Scotia
New B
runs
wick
Quebe
c
Ontar
io
Man
itoba
Saska
tche
wan
Alberta
British
Col
umbi
a
province
inc
om
e (
$)
average income
Measures of central tendency Mean: $46,922.00
Median: $45,133.00
Measures of spread Standard deviation: 4.530
Minimum value : 40,942
Maximum value: 57,277
Variance: 2.82493
Averagefamilyincome40000 44000 48000 52000 56000
average family income ($) 1991 Box Plot
BOX AND WHISKER PLOT
Q1 Q3
more families have incomes that are above the median
less families are making less than the median or average income
Measures of spread Q1: 43295
Q3: 52346
Interquartile range: Q3-Q1 =52346-4513.5 = 47832.5
Semi-interquartile range: 47832.5/2 =23916.25
Child poverty rates
child poverty rates in 1991
05
101520253035
Newfo
undla
nd PEI
Nova S
cotia
New B
runsw
ick
Quebec
Ontario
Man
itobia
Saskat
chewan
Alberta
British
Colum
bia
province
inc
ide
nc
e (
%)
child poverty rates
Measures of Central Tendency Mean: 20.06
this shows the average percent of children living in poverty among the provinces
Median: 19.8
this is the middle child poverty rate
Standard deviation: 5947.092248
child poverty rates in 1991
05
101520253035
province
inci
denc
e (%
)
child poverty rates
• There is a high average income in Ontario •The lowest income is in Newfoundland
• the lowest child poverty rate is in British Columbia •The highest rate is in Manitoba
average income
010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,000
province
inco
me
($)
average income
•According to my thesis, if income affected the rates of child poverty, then the province with the highest income, would have the lowest rate
•For example Ontario has the highest average income, and therefore would have the lowest poverty rate
Conclusions My hypothesis was NOT correct
Child poverty rates are NOT affected by income
Just to make sure… Lets take a look at another year
Average income 1996
05,000
10,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,000
Newfo
undl
and
Prince
Edw
ard
Islan
d
Nova
Scotia
New B
runs
wick
Quebe
c
Ontar
io
Man
itoba
Saska
tche
wan
Alberta
British
Col
umbi
a
province
inc
om
e($
)
average income
Child poverty ratesChild poverty rates in 1996
0
5
1015
20
25
30
British
Col
umbi
a PEI
Ontar
io
New B
runs
wick
Alberta
Quebe
c
Newfo
undl
and
Nova
Scotia
Saska
tche
wan
Man
itobia
province
inc
ide
nc
e (
%)
child poverty rates
Observations • Ontario has the highest income out of the provinces• Prince Edward Island has the lowest
• Newfoundland has the highest child poverty rate• Prince Edward Island has the lowest
• According to my hypothesis, the province with the highest income would have the lowest child poverty rate
• For example, Prince Edward Island has the lowest income and therefore they would have the highest child poverty rate
Conclusion The income is NOT a factor of child poverty
This trend was evident in both years
One can extrapolate and assume that the trend will continue in the future
Does the poverty rate vary amongst family
type?
Hypothesis The rate of child poverty is greater
in lone parent families than in all families
Female Lone Parents vs. All families
child poverty
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998
year
inc
ide
nc
e (
%)
female lone parents
all families
Measures of central tendency
Lone parent families Mean: 62.457 Median: 62.9 Range: 5.1
Measures of spread Minimum: 59.5 (1994) Maximum: 65 (1996) Standard deviation: 1.9704
Measures of central tendency All families mean:19.828 Median:19.5 Range: 3.5
Measures of spread Minimum:17.8 (1990) Maximum: 21.3 (1993) Standard deviation:
1.331
R2 valueChild Poverty
R2 = 0.7482
R2 = 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
year
inci
den
ce (
%)
female loneparent
all families
Poly. (allfamilies)
Poly. (femalelone parent)
Conclusion My hypothesis WAS correct
The rate of child poverty is GREATER in lone parent families
Factors causing this… Lone parent families only have one
income While other families have two incomes This would cause the poverty rate to be
higher in lone parent families The number of children per family The more children, the less money per
child
Are unemployment rate and the child poverty rate
related?
Hypothesis I predict that there is a correlation between
the unemployment rate and the rate of child poverty
If this is true, then as the unemployment rate decreases, so will the rate of child poverty
Unemployment vs. Child poverty rates 1990-1996
unemployment rates vs. child poverty
0
5
10
15
20
25
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
year
un
emp
loym
ent
rate
s (%
)
unemployment
poverty rates
Measures of central tenancy for unemployment rate
Mean: 9.2482
Median: 9.5
Mode: there is no mode
Standard deviation: 1.57993
Unemployment rate Box and whisker plot
unemploymentrate6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0
Collection 1 Box Plot •During this time, there are more years with an average unemployment greater that the median
•There are less years that are below the median of 9.5
Measures of spread Q1: 8.7 Q3: 10.8 Interquartile range: Q3-Q1
=2.1
Semi-interquartile range: 2.1/2
= 1.05
Measures if central tendencyChild poverty (1990-1996) Mean:18.1
Median:18.1
Mode: there is not one
Standard deviation: 1.74327
Child poverty Box and whisker plot
childpoverty16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21.0
Collection 2 Box Plot •Both of the portions are almost equal
• there are slightly more years where child poverty rates are above the median
•Less years the child poverty rates are below the median
Measures of spread Q1:17.3
Q3:20.3
Interquartile range: Q3-Q1 = 20.3-17.3 = 3
Semi-interquartile range:3/2 =1.5
R2 VALUE
unemployment rates vs. child poverty
R2 = 1
R2 = 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
year
un
emp
loym
ent
rate
s (%
)
unemployment
poverty rates
Poly. (poverty rates)
Poly. (unemployment)
Conclusion My hypothesis WAS correct
The rate of child poverty and unemployment are related
For example…•When the rate of child poverty was high, so was the unemployment rate (ie. 1993)
•When child poverty was low, so was the unemployment rate (ie 1990)
unemployment rates vs. child poverty
0
5
10
15
20
25
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
year
unem
ploy
men
t rat
es (%
)
unemployment
poverty rates
All in all… There are many different factors that affect the rate of child
poverty
The average income of a family has no evident correlation with the rate of child poverty
Family type affects the rate of child poverty Child poverty is higher in lone parent families
The unemployment rate and the rate of child poverty are related
Resources E stat (statistics Canada)
http://www.freethechildren.com/getinvolved/geteducated/childpoverty.html
http://www.ccsd.ca/facts.html
www.wikepida.com
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION