Child DevelopmentFrom Zygote to High School Senior

Warm-Up

• Decade• 0-9 ________ ________ _________• 10-19 ________ ________ _________• 20-29 ________ ________ _________• 30-39 ________ ________ _________• 40-49 ________ ________ _________• 50-59 ________ ________ _________• 60-69 ________ ________ _________• 70-79 ________ ________ _________• 80-89 ________ ________ _________

Development Through Life

• Prenatal Development and the Newborn Conception Prenatal Development The Competent Newborn

• Infancy and Childhood Physical Development Cognitive Development

Development Through Life

• Adolescence Physical Development Cognitive Development Social Development Emerging Adulthood• Adulthood Physical Development Cognitive Development Social Development

Issues in Developmental Psychology

Issue Details

Nature/Nurture How do genetic inheritance and experience influence our behavior?

Continuity/Stages Is development a gradual, continuous process or a sequence of separate stages?

Stability/Change Do our personality traits persist throughout life, or do we become different persons as we age?

Prenatal Development

Prenatal Development

How, over time, did we become who we are?

From zygote to birth, development progresses in an orderly, though fragile,

sequence.

Conception

• A single sperm cell (male), penetrates the outer coating of the egg (female), and fuses to form one fertilized cell.

Prenatal Development

• A zygote is a fertilized cell with 100 cells that becomes increasingly diverse. At about 14 days, the zygote turns into an embryo.

Prenatal Development

• At 9 weeks, an embryo turns into a fetus.

Month 1

• Zygote• Rapid division of cells• Nervous system

begins to develop• ½ inch long

Month 2

• Heart and blood vessels form (Begins to beat)

• Head develops rapidly• Eyes begin to form

detail• Internal organs

develop (digestive)• Arms/legs form• Sex distinguished• 1 inch

Month 3

• Head growth rapid• Rapid bone formation• Digestive organs

function• Arms, legs, fingers

move• 3 inches

Month 4

• Rapid growth lower parts of body

• Distinct bones• Reflexes• Detectable heartbeat• Sex organs fully

formed• 7 inches

Month 5

• Mother feels reflexes• Downy fuzz• Ears/nose develop

cartilage• Fingernails/toenails• Hiccups, thumb-

sucking, kicking• 12 inches

Month 6

• Eyes and eyelids fully developed

• Fat forms under skin

• 14 inches

Month 7

• Cerebral cortex of brain develops rapidly

• 17 inches long

Month 8

• Fat deposits for later use

• Fingernails reach beyond fingertips

• Still 17 inches but heavier

Month 9

• Body hair shed

• Organs functioning actively

• Settles into birth position

• 21 inches

Teratogens

• Chemicals or viruses that can enter the placenta and harm the developing fetus, causing birth defects.

• Greek for Monster

Teratogens

• Dosage/Threshold- Can only effect fetus after a certain amount/level of exposure

• Timing:  - Effect depends upon the timing of exposure. 

- First trimester critical period of organ and limb development

- Fetal brain throughout pregnancy - Two weeks following conception unlikely to

cause birth defects.

Teratogens

• Congenital Infections1. HIV

2. Rubella

3. Syphilis

4. Cytomegalovirus

5. Toxoplasmosis

6. Varicella

Teratogens

• Chemicals, Drugs and Medications

1. Alcohol 6. Heroine2. Thalidomide 7. Methamphetamine3. Cigarettes 8. Anticonvulsants4. Cocaine 9. Lithium5. Crack 10.

Teratogens

• Physical Agents1. Radiation therapy for cancer

2. X-Rays

• Maternal Factors1. Maternal Diabetes

2. Maternal PKU