Upload
nathan-green
View
218
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Chemistry
Chapter 2
Living organisms are made up of matter.
matter = anything that occupies space
and has mass
chemistry = the study of matter and changes in
matter
therefore understanding chemistry is essential to studying biology
In order to understand the whole, biologists study the parts (reductionism)
Here is an example of this
A. Molecule: Actin Atom
MyosinActin
B. Organelle: Myofibril (found only in muscle cells)
Myofibril (organelle)
C. Cell and tissue: Muscle cell within muscle tissue
Rattlebox moth
D. Organ: Flight muscle of a moth
In order to understand the whole, biologists study the parts (reductionism)
Each level of organization in the biological hierarchy builds on the one below it.
At each level, new properties emerge.
96% of the mass of a human consists of 4 elements…
oxygen (O) 65%
carbon (C) 18%
hydrogen (H) 10%
nitrogen (N) 3%
The remaining 4% consists of these 7 elements…
calcium (Ca)
magnesium (Mg)
sodium (Na)
potassium (K)
chlorine (Cl)
phosphorus (P)
sulfur (S)
There are 14 other elements that are found in the body in teeny tiny amounts, but are absolutely essential.
iron (Fe)
iodine (I)
Question
Why don’t you see people in Winnipeg with goiters?
Answer
Atoms of 4 Elements That Are Important for Life
Formation of an Ionic Bond
A Crystal of Sodium Chloride
A Water Molecule
Water is a Polar Molecule
Water Molecules Form Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds in Ice Versus Liquid Water
A Crystal of Salt Dissolving in Water
Bonds Are Broken & Made in a Chemical Reaction