Upload
diana-day
View
217
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Chemical Safety
John and Mitchie MoeMaster Rosarians
Pacific Northwest District American Rose Society
December 7, 2011
Acknowledgements
Several photos and graphs obtained from the internet
Credits listed where available
All photos by authors, except where credits are given
An excellent source – Consulting Rosarian Manual, from
The American Rose Society
No commercial use of this program please!
Pest Control Basics Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a decision process that uses
regular monitoring to determine if and when treatments are needed.
Basic elements of IPM
A decision whether to treat A decision when to treat A decision of how to treat Evaluation and review of the decisions made
At one extreme – an avid exhibitor will quickly determine to spray and eliminate whatever is affecting his or her roses!
At the other end – one that wants to reduce/eliminate chemical use, and will accept whatever Mother Nature gives.
Both are practicing IPM, what differs will be the results. So, even if you are not an avid exhibitor but are going to spray, let’s take a look at what’s involved from the safety aspect.
Types of Garden Chemicals
Pesticide – “any chemical used for killing insects, weeds, etc.” (generic term) Insecticide – kills insects
Fungicide – kills fungi
Miticide (Acaricides) – kills mites
Herbicide – kills weeds and plants
Rodenticide – kills rodents
What Does a Pesticide Label tell You?A
B
C
D
E
F
G H
A – Brand name
B – Where used & what for
C – Specific pest it controls
D – Ingredients toxic to pest
E – Manufacturer’s info
F – Signal Word
Caution – least toxic
Warning – moderately toxic
Danger – highly toxic
G – EPA Registration Number
(Nice to have in an emergency)
H – Amount in containerExtension ServiceWest VA Univ
What Else Does the Label Tell You?A
B
C
D
E
F
HG
A – Potential hazards to
humans and domestic
animals
B – First Aid
C – Potential hazards to
wildlife and environment
D – Protective clothing to
wear while using
E – The Label is the Law!
F – How to mix and use
G – Storage and disposal
H – Peel to view additional
instructions on someExtension ServiceWest VA Univ
Toxicity of Pesticides Toxicity means “how poisonous”
Commonly used measure is LD-50
Lethal dose to kill 50% of the study population
The lower the number, the more poisonous
Expressed in milligrams (mg) of material per kilogram (kg) of
body weight
LD-50 values are usually not shown on the label, but the
relative toxicity is reflected by one of the three signal words.
Signal word is assigned based on the oral, dermal or
inhalation toxicity, whichever is the most toxic!
Signal Words & LD-50 (dermal)
Danger and Poison – Highly toxic 0-200 mg/kg
Warning – Moderately toxic 200 – 2,000 mg/kg
Caution – Slightly toxic 2000 – 20,000 mg/kg
Caution – Toxic Over 20,000 mg/kg
How Pesticides Enter The Body (cont.) Oral
Taken by mistake when eating/smoking while mixing or during and after spraying
Dermal (through the skin) Most common cause of pesticide poisoning Very dangerous in concentrated form
Inhalation (respiratory) Breathing the vapors when mixing in enclosed area
Ocular (eyes) Not mentioned in CR manual, but some fungicides can
cause permanent eye damage. Read the label!
A Dangerous Old InsecticideBlack Leaf 40
Had 40% NicotineOral LD-50 of 50!
Highly Toxic
Out in 1992, but derivatives
can still be found
whyquit.com
Don’t mess withthis
one!
Handling Chemicals Try to buy quantity needed for season Keep chemicals in original container! Store in a secure, dark & dry location -
away from children and pets Never recommend a restricted chemical Do not split chemicals with friends! Wear proper protection
Mixing Chemicals
First - Read the label!
Mix what is needed & to directions!
Avoid mixing more than one chemical unless compatible
Wear protective clothing including rubber gloves
Mix in well ventilated area
Skin contact with concentrates is especially dangerous
Know first aid treatment before you start!
Personal Protection When Spraying
Most commonly
called for
by the label
Cap
Safety glasses
Respirator
Rubber gloves
Long sleeve shirt
Pants (no shorts)
Sturdy shoes
(no open toe
or sneakers)
Dress For Added Protection
For additional
protection
Add the following:
Nitrile gloves
Tyvek suit
Rubber boots
Spraying Chemicals Identify problem - use proper chemical (least toxic)
Water well before spraying – reduce plant stress
Protect children and pets
Never spray on windy or very hot days
Spray undersides + tops of leaves for best results
Wash hands and face immediately after spraying!
Clean and store equipment
Be a good neighbor
Fungicide Types
Broad spectrum – multi-site surface protectants, which do not enter the leafPrimary use is to limit further spread of
infection as spores germinate
Commonly used – Daconil®, Captan®, Bravo®, Dithane(Mancozeb)®, etc.
Sometimes called contact fungicides
Fungicide Types (cont.)
Single-site – locally systemic which do enter the leaves to prevent infectionChemicals penetrate as long as leaf is wet
Single target site of fungal activity
There is not one that will do it all. Some effective for one, some for others
Commonly used – Funginex®, Rubigan®, Systhane®, Banner Maxx™, Immunox®, etc.