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Chemical Reaction Engineering
Asynchronous Video Series
Chapter 1:
General Mole Balance Equation Applied to
Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs
H. Scott Fogler, Ph.D.
• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.
Chemical Identity
• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.
• The identity of a chemical species is determined by the kind, number, and configuration of that species’ atoms.
Chemical Identity
• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.
• The identity of a chemical species is determined by the kind, number, and configuration of that species’ atoms.
1. Decomposition
Chemical Identity
• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.
• The identity of a chemical species is determined by the kind, number, and configuration of that species’ atoms.
1. Decomposition
2. Combination
Chemical Identity
• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.
• The identity of a chemical species is determined by the kind, number, and configuration of that species’ atoms.
1. Decomposition
2. Combination
3. Isomerization
Chemical Identity
• The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume.
Reaction Rate
• The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume.
• The rate of a reaction can be expressed as the rate of disappearance of a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a product.
Reaction Rate
• The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume.
• The rate of a reaction can be expressed as the rate of disappearance of a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a product.
Reaction Rate
Consider species A:
• The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume.
• The rate of a reaction can be expressed as the rate of disappearance of a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a product.
Reaction Rate
Consider species A:
rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume
• The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume.
• The rate of a reaction can be expressed as the rate of disappearance of a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a product.
Reaction Rate
Consider species A:
rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume
-rA = the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit volume
• The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume.
• The rate of a reaction can be expressed as the rate of disappearance of a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a product.
Reaction Rate
Consider species A:
rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume
-rA = the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit volume
rB = the rate of formation of species B per unit volume
Reaction Rate
• EXAMPLE:
If B is being formed at 0.2 moles per decimeter cubed per second, ie,
rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s
Reaction Rate
• EXAMPLE:
If B is being formed at 0.2 moles per decimeter cubed per second, ie,
rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s
Then A is disappearing at the same rate:
-rA= 0.2 mole/dm3/s
Reaction Rate
• EXAMPLE:
If B is being formed at 0.2 moles per decimeter cubed per second, ie,
rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s
Then A is disappearing at the same rate:
-rA= 0.2 mole/dm3/s
The rate of formation (generation of A) is
rA= -0.2 mole/dm3/s
Reaction Rate
• For a catalytic reaction, we refer to -rA', which is the rate of disappearance of species A on a per mass of catalyst basis.
Reaction Rate
• For a catalytic reaction, we refer to -rA', which is the rate of disappearance of species A on a per mass of catalyst basis.
NOTE: dCA/dt is not the rate of reaction
Reaction Rate
Consider species j:
Reaction Rate
Consider species j:
• rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm3*s]
Reaction Rate
Consider species j:
• rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm3*s]
• rj is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)
Reaction Rate
Consider species j:
• rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm3*s]
• rj is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)
• rj is independent of the type of reaction system (batch, plug flow, etc.)
Reaction Rate
Consider species j:
• rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm3*s]
• rj is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)
• rj is independent of the type of reaction system (batch, plug flow, etc.)
• rj is an algebraic equation, not a differential equation
Reaction Rate
Consider species j:
• rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm3*s]
• rj is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)
• rj is independent of the type of reaction system (batch, plug flow, etc.)
• rj is an algebraic equation, not a differential equation
• We use an algebraic equation to relate the rate of reaction, -rA, to the concentration of reacting species and to the temperature at which the reaction occurs [e.g. -rA = k(T)CA
2].
General Mole Balance
General Mole Balance
Batch Reactor Mole Balance
Batch Reactor Mole Balance
Batch Reactor Mole Balance
Batch Reactor Mole Balance
Constantly Stirred Tank Reactor Mole Balance
Constantly Stirred Tank Reactor Mole Balance
Constantly Stirred Tank Reactor Mole Balance
Constantly Stirred Tank Reactor Mole Balance
Constantly Stirred Tank Reactor Mole Balance
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
The integral form is:
€
V =dFArAFA 0
FA∫
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
The integral form is:
€
V =dFArAFA 0
FA∫
This is the volume necessary to reduce the entering molar flow rate (mol/s) from FA0 to the
exit molar flow rate of FA.
Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance
PBR
Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance
PBR
€
FA0 −FA + ′ r AdW=dNA
dt∫
Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance
PBR
€
FA0 −FA + ′ r AdW=dNA
dt∫
Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance
PBR
€
FA0 −FA + ′ r AdW=dNA
dt∫
Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance
PBR
The integral form to find the catalyst weight is:
€
W =dFA
′ r AFA 0
FA∫
€
FA0 −FA + ′ r AdW=dNA
dt∫
Reactor Mole Balance Summary
Reactor Mole Balance Summary
Reactor Mole Balance Summary
Reactor Mole Balance Summary
Reactor Mole Balance Summary
