Chemical CommunicationNomenclature

Edward A. Mottel

Department of Chemistry

Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

04/18/23

Chemical Communication

Chemical nomenclature• Elemental symbols and names• Predict reasonable charges for monatomic

ions using the periodic table• Polyatomic ions• Naming molecular compounds and salts

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Resources Available

Chemistry I nomenclature list of ions and common substances

Periodic table Computer programs

· IONIC1, SALT1 Reading assignment

• Fine, Beall & Stuehr: Chapter 2.4

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Reasonable Ion Charges

Use the nomenclature information available to determine common oxidation states for monatomic ions.• monatomic: contains only one atom• ion: has a positive or negative charge• For a monatomic ion, the oxidation state is

the same as its charge.

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HLi Be

MgNa

K Ca

Rb Sr

CsBa

Ti CrMn FeCoNi CuZn

Pd

Pt

Ag

Au

Cd

Hg Tl

SnPbBi

Sb

AsI

Br

Cl

O FSAl

Chemistry I and II Ions

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Common Oxidation States+1+1 +2

+2+1

+1 +2

+1 +2

+1 +2

+3 +2 +2 +2

+2

+2

+1

+1

+2

+2 +1+2 +3+3

+3

-1

-1

-1

-2 -1-2+3

+2+3

+2+3

+2+3

+1+2

+2+4

What patterns exist that correlate the charge of the ionand its position in the periodic table?

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+1 ionsHLi Be

MgNa

K Ca

Rb Sr

CsBa

Ti CrMn FeCoNi CuZn

Pd

Pt

Ag

Au

Cd

Hg Tl

SnPbBi

Sb

AsI

Br

Cl

O FSAl

Cations have positive oxidation states.

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+2 ions

Au

Ag

HLi Be

MgNa

K Ca

Rb Sr

CsBa

Ti CrMn FeCoNi CuZn

Pd

Pt

Cd

Hg Tl

SnPbBi

Sb

AsI

Br

Cl

O FSAl

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+3 ionsHLi Be

MgNa

K Ca

Rb Sr

CsBa

Ti Mn FeCoNi CuZn

Pd

Pt

Ag

Au

Cd

Hg

SnPbBi

Sb

AsI

Br

Cl

O FSAl

Cr

Tl

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-1 ionsHLi Be

MgNa

K Ca

Rb Sr

CsBa

Ti CrMn FeCoNi CuZn

Pd

Pt

Ag

Au

Cd

Hg Tl

SnPbBi

Sb

AsI

Br

Cl

O FSAl

Anions have negative oxidation states.

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-2 ionsHLi Be

MgNa

K Ca

Rb Sr

CsBa

Ti CrMn FeCoNi CuZn

Pd

Pt

Ag

Au

Cd

Hg Tl

SnPbBi

Sb

AsI

Br

Cl

O FSAl

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Predictions

How could you predict that indium has a stable+1 and +3 oxidation state?

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Predictions

Predict the three common oxidation states ofarsenic.

Roman Numerals

When a metal has multiple oxidation states, its charge is indicated by roman numerals in its name.

Fe2+ iron(II) ion

Fe3+ iron(III) ion

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Polyatomic Ions

What is the naming pattern?

-NO O

nitriteion

-

NO O

O

nitrateion

sulfiteion

-

SO O

O

-

sulfateion

-SO

O

O-

O

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Polyatomic Ions

What is the naming pattern?

chlorateion

-

ClO O

O

perchlorateion

-ClO

O

O

O

hypochloriteion

-Cl O

chloriteion

-ClO O

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Polyatomic Ions

What is the naming pattern?

thiosulfateion

-SO

O

O-

S

sulfateion

-SO

O

O-

O

thiocyanateion

cyanateion

CO-

N CS-

N

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Hydrogen Carbonate Ion

Why is it called bicarbonate ion?

-

CO O

O

-

carbonateion

CO O

O

-

H

bicarbonateion

CO O

OH

H

carbonicacid

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Nomenclature

Give two acceptable namesfor each of these ions.

HSO4– HSO3

– HS–

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Molecular Compounds

Molecular compounds are charge neutral.

H2O NH3 CH4

Many common molecular compounds have trivial names.

water ammonia methane

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Salts

Salts are composed of a cation and an anion to give a neutral compound.

They are named by combining the cation and an anion names.

CaCl2

NH4ClO4

Al2O3

calcium chloride

ammonium perchlorate

aluminum oxide

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IONIC1 and SALT1 Nomenclature programs that focuses on Chemistry I ion

nomenclature.• DOS programs that are copied to your disk, then run

Goal: Successfully complete the programs by correctly getting 10 names, formulas or charges in a row.• Try to run the each program successfully twice.• You may not be successful tonight, but keep trying!

G:/class/cm/Chem111

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Constructing Ions

Construct and name at least 10 neutral compounds that can be formed from the following list of atoms.

H O S Na Ca Cr Fe In Pb

Divide up the activity: work on cations or anions.

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Constructing Ions

Combine cations and anions to make neutral compounds.• Determine the formula and name of each

compound.• Use each cation or anion only once in

making various compounds. Identify and name any molecular, neutral

compound that can be formed.

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Problem Set

Twenty Compounds Problem Set

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Twenty CompoundsProblem Set

Due Homework format

• Include your name and box number· Staple the problem set on top of your

answers• One side of page for answers is preferable• Staple questions and answers together• No ragged edges; make it look neat!