Upload
dinhtuong
View
221
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
CHARTCHARTCHARTCHARTCHARTSMARTSMARTSMARTSMARTSMART®®®®®
Compass and chart fundamentals and basic piloting techniques
Instructor Manual
CHARTCHARTCHARTCHARTCHARTSMARTSMARTSMARTSMARTSMART®®®®®
Compass and chart fundamentals and basic piloting techniques
Copyright 2003, United States Power SquadronsAll rights reserved
Printed in the United States of AmericaUnited States Power Squadrons
1504 Blue Ridge RoadPO Box 30423
Raleigh, NC 27622Voice: 919-821-0281
1-888-FOR-USPS (367-8777)Fax: 919-836-0813
1-888-304-0813www.usps.org
This Learning Guide is one of a group of marine-oriented publications offered by UnitedStates Power Squadrons. Comments, suggestions, or corrections relating to this or anyof the other Learning Guides are not only welcomed but solicited.
USPS United States Power SquadronsJet Smart the Squadron with flag graphicBoat Smart Wheel-and-Flag DesignChart Smart the Officer Trident DesignThe Ensign the USPS ensign (flag design)
the USPS aqua trade dress of this publication (left side of front cover including text and graphics)
are registered trademarks of United States Power Squadrons.The Squadron Boating Course is a service mark of United States Power Squadrons.
One or more of these marks may be found in this publication.The cover design of this publication is a trademark of United States Power Squadrons.
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
iii
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
1 Introduction to Chart Smart . . . . . . . . 1
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Motivations for Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Lesson Plan Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Teaching Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Piloting—The Mariner’s Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Motivations for Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Teaching Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Homework Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Lesson Plan Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Homework Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Motivations For Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9General Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Teaching Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Lesson Plan Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Homework Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4 Aids to Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Motivations For Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17General Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Teaching Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Lesson Plan Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Homework Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5 Piloting—Plotting a Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Motivations For Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Teaching Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23The USPS Plotter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23To Plot a Course With
the USPS Plotter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Lesson Plan Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Homework Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6 Piloting—Distance, Speed, Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Motivations for Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29General Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Teaching Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Homework Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Lesson Plan Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Homework Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
7 Piloting—Determining Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Motivations for Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Teaching Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Lesson Plan Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Homework Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
A Chart Smart Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Instructional Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Quiz Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Supplemental Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
B Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
C Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
v
Introduction
Chart Smart:· is a Learning Guide that serves as an
introduction to piloting· may be presented to the public in a
classroom setting· requires no exam; however, a quiz is
provided to help the student assesstheir understanding of the material
· results in a certificate of completion· does not satisfy membership require-
ments
Prospective students include:· Boat Smart graduates· America's Boating Course graduates· Members entering the Piloting Class
(refresher)
Since Chart Smart will typically be offeredas a supplement to Boat Smart or America'sBoating Course, the job of filling the class-room with Chart Smart students will be partof the publicity and promotion of thesecourses.
A Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation isavailable on the USPS web site, Chart Smartdownload section, to facilitate upbeat pre-sentations:
www.usps.org/national/eddept
Click on the BPECom link, then click the“Downloadable Information” link. Theseslides are also available from your DEO ona CD-ROM. Included are numerousPowerPoint (ppt) slides within each file foreach Chart Smart section. Ideally, use anLCD projector in the presentations to stu-dents. If your squadron does not have access
to an LCD computer projector, the slidesmay be used to produce hardcopy mastersfor overhead transparency use. OHTs maythen be produced from the ppt masters on ahome printer.
In the remainder of this Instructor Manual,the PowerPoint file names are listed withtheir full names in the Teaching Aids sec-tion and then abbreviated in the SpeakingPlan descriptions. That is, CS_00_Intro.pptis the full name of the presentation file andCS-00 is the abbreviation.
Public Announcementof Chart Smart OfferingUsing the following information and lessonplan, squadron members should be able toeffectively announce the offering of a ChartSmart (CS) class.
GeneralTypically, a Boat Smart course is an idealtime and place to announce the follow-onChart Smart class. Chart Smart contentsshould be presented. It includes the pilot-ing topics of compasses, charts, positiondetermination, and dead reckoning. A sign-up sheet should be passed around. Ideally,Chart Smart class materials should be avail-able and offered for sale during the BoatSmart classes; this will cut down on ChartSmart administration and speed up the firstnight of the class.
vi Introduction
Chart Smart USPS 2003 Edition
Teaching Aids· Overhead projector or LCD computer
projector· Overhead transparencies or MS
PowerPoint slides from the fileCS_00_Intro.ppt
Class Offering Lesson Plan Outline
Topic Key Idea Slide (ppt) Emphasis/Other TAs
Presentation
Chart SmartTopics
OverallAgenda
Chart SmartContents
Plotting Tools
Presentation coverpage
What does ChartSmart offer ?
Chart Smartis short
What can thestudent do aftercompletingChart Smart?
Optional plottingtools may bepurchased
CS-00 slide 1
CS-00 slide 2
CS-00 slide 3
CS-00 slide 4
CS-00 slide 5
Introduction of material
60 x D = S x TTVMDC
Stress two classsessions
Stress hands onexamples and use ofplotting tools
Show USPS plotter anddividers
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
1
1
Introduction to Chart Smart
1 Using this section, the Chart Smart instruc-tor should be able to effectively launch thefirst class session of Chart Smart (CS).
General2 Typically, a Chart Smart class is an ideal
time and place to talk about USPS, its ob-jectives and the benefits available to mem-bers. But don't over do it. The Chart Smartclass is intense, covering six chapters andup to six hands-on class exercises in fourhours. CS contents should be restated. Thehands-on plotting tools should be displayed.
Motivations forLearning
3 Charts and compasses are important pilot-ing tools and are essential to cruising safely.
4 The objective of this first lesson is to in-volve students in the class, right from thebeginning. It is especially important thatyou be enthusiastic and positive in leadingthis first session. It will set the pace for thewhole class.
Teaching Aids• Overhead projector or LCD computer
projector• Overhead transparencies or Microsoft®
PowerPoint® slides from the fileCS_01_Lesson_Plan.ppt
• Piloting tools of plotter and dividers;tell students about the hands-onexercises
Lesson Plan Outline
Topic
Introduction
Agenda
Tools
Key Idea
Presentationcover page
Introduction ofentire material
Students willneed plottersand dividers
Slide (ppt)
CS-01 slide 1
CS-01 slide 3
Emphasis/Other TAs
Introduction ofmaterial
Introduction andtopics for eachclass session
8 × 10 inch plotter6 inch dividers
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
3
2
Piloting—The Mariner’s Compass
In this section, students will learn to• select the right compass for a boat• install a compass correctly• care for a compass• use a compass to steer a correct course
by adjusting true course for variation
General Carefully explain deviation to the student.
Emphasize the need to keep all magneticmaterials away from a compass, and howto minimize deviation by careful compasslocation and compensation.
This section includes four examples of the useof TVMDC. In CS_02_Compass.ppt, tosimplify the calculations in Example 1 and2, deviation is assumed to be zero (ppt CS-02 slides 20 and 21). In the optional fileCS_02D_Compass_Dev.ppt, examples 3and 4 utilize non-zero deviation (ppt CS-02D slides 4 and 5). Use care if introduc-ing interpolation (Example 4) in ChartSmart. Students who know interpolationmay use it for greater accuracy. Explain thatinterpolation is taught and used in USPSmember courses.
Motivations forLearning
The compass is an important navigational toolin piloting a boat safely.
Teaching Aids• Overhead projector or LCD computer
projector• Overhead transparencies or
Microsoft® PowerPoint® slides fromthe files CS_02_Compass.ppt,CS_02D_Compass_Dev.ppt, andCS_02T_Dev_Table.ppt
• A compass• A transparent compass for use on
overhead table• A steel object to demonstrate deviation• Handout describing compass installa-
tion (excerpted from Chapman)
Homework Comments A clarification for students: possibly these two
homework problems should be held until thelecture on Section 5 has been completed.
• Problem 9, page 8 of the SM—nav aidR “6” refers to R “6” Fl R 4s buoy(chart center right near the bottom ofthe compass rose); nav aid RW “OR”refers to the safe water buoy at the en-trance to Oyster River.
• Problem 10, page 8 of the SM—RW“OR” refers to the safe water buoy atthe entrance to Oyster River; R N “2”is located at entrance to Perkins Cove.
4 2 Piloting—The Mariner’s Compass
Chart Smart USPS 2003 Edition
Lesson Plan OutlineTopic Key Idea Slide (ppt) Emphasis/Other TAsIntroduction
Agenda
Compass
How aCompassWorks
Earth'sMagneticField
CompassDesign
CompassConstruction
Selecting aCompass
Size
Quality
Installing aCompass
Location
Presentation coverpage
Introduction ofNew Material
Define Importantpiloting tool
Define and explain
Lines of forceEffect oncompass
Compasscardmagnetsbowl and fluidLubber's line
Space available
Price not anindicator
Pivot frictionimportant
Type of fluid
Important—explainwhy Parallel tokeel Electrical/magneticinfluencePossibledistortion ofreadings bycompass bowl
CS-02 slide 1
CS-02 slide 2
CS-02 slide 3
CS-02, slides 4, 5
CS-02, slide 6
CS-02, slides 7, 8
CS-02, slide 9
Introduction of material
Lesson Introduction
Figure 2–1
Figure 2–2
Figure 2–3
2 Piloting—The Mariner’s Compass 5
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
Lesson Plan Outline
Topic Key Idea Slide (ppt) Emphasis/Other TAsLocation
(continued)
Check forAccuracy
CompassCourse
Variation
Deviation
Calculating aSteeringCourse
MagneticDirection
TrueDirection
Differencebetweenintendedvs. actualcourses
Adjust ifnecessary
Define/describe:Agonic lineVaries with
positionWesterly variationEasterly variationWhere to find
variation
Define/describe:Effect of
electronics andmetallicmaterials
Deviation in CS isassumed to be 0unless otherwisestated
Language of thecompass
Language ofcharts
Cross Track Errors(XTE) (optional)
Stress proper care
Figure 2–4Explain in detail
using OHT
Demonstrate deviationon overhead withtransparent compassand metallic object;consider use ofSample Ship'sDeviation table (ppt)
Refer to practiceexercise in latersections; BowditchBay chart
Explain what mayhappen to an intendedcourse if XTE's areignored
CS-02, slide 10
CS-02,slides 11, 12, 13
CS-02, slides 14, 15
CS-02, slide 16
CS-02, slide 17(optional)
6 2 Piloting—The Mariner’s Compass
Chart Smart USPS 2003 Edition
Lesson Plan Outline
Topic Key Idea Slide (ppt) Emphasis/Other TAs
Calculating aSteeringCourse(continued)
ConvertingTrue toMagneticand ViceVersa
ConvertingTrue toMagnetic toCompassand ViceVersa
TVMDC formula(AWSE): add westsubtract eastdown the formulaopposite going up
Deviation is non-zero (optional)
CS-02, slides 18,19, 20, 21Examples 1, 2(zero deviation)
CS-02D, slides 1,2, 3, 4, 5(optional)
Also, includehandouts of CS-02T portrait,slide 1
Examples 3, 4(optional, non-zero deviation)
Acceptable acronyms:• TV Makes Dull
Children• Can Dead Men Vote
Twice
Stress deviation isunique for each boat;consider use of theSample Ship'sDeviation Table (ppt)which is in a separateppt file for portraitstyle slides. Ex. #3 issimple deviation; Ex.#4 uses interpolation.Use care ifintroducinginterpolation—thosewho already know itmay use it forimproved accuracy.
2 Piloting—The Mariner’s Compass 7
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
Homework
1. A compass is an importantnavigational tool on board a vesselbecause it:a. is a speed-determining instrument.b. can be used to establish
position and determine thedirection a boat is heading.
c. is required by federal, state andlocal laws.
d. will show the direction of true northat a glance.
2. If a compass is properly mounted,the numbers on the compass cardwhen read at the lubber’s line willindicate the direction the boat isheading in reference to:a. magnetic north.b. the north star.c. true north.d. the boat’s centerline.
3. Size and quality are two keyfactors in choosing a compass.The size will often be limited tothe:a. shape of the compass bowl.b. space available to mount it.c. position of the lubber’s line.d. amount of pivot friction.
4. Mount a compass so that:a. the compass card can be seen from
anywhere in the boat.b. it is as close to your VHF radio as
possible.c. it will not be in the way anywhere
you can find a place.d. a line through the lubber’s line
and the center of the compassis parallel to the keel.
5. Keep your compass in topcondition by keeping it out ofdirect sunlight and by:a. storing it on its side to remove
pressure on the pivot.b. not using it in stormy weather.c. not adding too much oil to the
compass bowl.d. avoiding exposing it to moisture.
6. The angular difference betweenthe true geographic pole and themagnetic north pole is called:a. variation.b. magnetization.c. deviationd. a line of force.
7. Variation:a. is established by the Coast Guard.b. can usually be ignored.c. changes with geographic
position.d. does not show on a chart.
8. To convert true course to magneticcourse:a. add easterly variation.b. subtract westerly variation.c. add westerly variation.d. consult Local Notices to Mariners.
9. Referring to the course you plottedon the practice chart from R “6” toRW “OR”, what would be yourcompass course? (Variation is 15°West, Deviation is 0°).a. 087b. 193c. 268d. 323
8 2 Piloting—The Mariner’s Compass
Chart Smart USPS 2003 Edition
10. What would be the magneticcourse from RW “OR” to R N “2” ifthe variation was 5° East?(Deviation is 0°)a. 060b. 091c. 180d. 271
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
9
3
Charts
In this section students will learn to:• Use the many helpful features of a nau-
tical chart.• Select the best types of charts to meet
his needs.• Determine latitude and longitude.• Find information necessary to keep the
charts up-to-date.
Motivations ForLearningCharts are vital to safe boating. A boatermust always know where he is and the bestway to get to his destination safely.
General CommentsProvide table samples of various types ofcharts for demonstration purposes. Coastand small-craft nautical training charts areavailable from NOS. Point out their differ-ences. If your students boat on rivers orlakes, include a local chart of those waters.Most coast training charts (such as the1210Tr), include a reproduction of ChartNo. 1, Nautical Chart on the reverse side.
Statistics tell us that 71% of our studentseither do not own a boat, or operate a boatunder 25 feet in length. Small-craft charts
are designed for small boats that do not havechart tables for 36 × 54 coast charts. Youmay find small-craft charts available foryour area.
For piloting practice, make primary use ofFigure 6, Typical Chart, and the BowditchBay practice chart in the back of the stu-dent manual. The text and homework ques-tions refer to those charts.
Start the session by asking students to callout various features they see on one of thecharts you have provided. List these fea-tures on the chalkboard to demonstrate thelarge amount of information available on anautical chart.
Charts tell a boater where he cannot go.Point out obstructions to safe navigationthat a skipper would not be aware of with-out a chart.
Outline parallels of latitude and meridiansof longitude with tape or magic marker onan inexpensive globe, to more clearly illus-trate these concepts. Establish the latitudeand longitude of your classroom locationin advance, so that when you teach the useof geographic coordinates you can give aclear example of how each point on earthhas an “address.”
10 3 Charts
Chart Smart USPS 2003 Edition
Teaching Aids• Overhead projector or LCD computer
projector• Overhead transparencies or MS
PowerPoint slides from the fileCS_03_Charts.ppt
• Dividers• Small globe to demonstrate Latitude/
Longitude• Samples of:
√ coast and small-craft trainingcharts
√ local charts√ NOS Chart Catalog for local area√ NOS Dates of Latest Editions√ Local Notice to Mariners for lo-
cal area√ NOS Coast Pilot for local area
3 Charts 11
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
Lesson Plan Outline
Topic Key Idea Slide (ppt) Emphasis/Other TAs
Introduction
Agenda
Charts vs.Road Maps
What ChartsShow
StudentParticipation
ChartSymbols
Chart Colors
Direction
Depths
DepthContours
Heights ofObjects
Nature of theBottom
ProminentLandmarks
DredgedChannels
Presentation coverpage
Introduction of NewMaterial
Show where youcan't go; vital tosafe boating.
Contents of charts
Abbreviations
Four colors—describe
000 degrees to360 degrees
Feet, meters,fathoms; MLW orMLLW Depths areaverages!
Describe/Explain
Above mean highwater
Explain importance
Exactly locatedlandmark
Circle aroundposition dot
Dashed black lines
CS-03 slide 1
CS-03 slide 2
CS-03 slide 3
CS-03 slides 4, 5
CS-03 slide 6
CS-03 slide 7, 8
Introduction of material
Lesson Introduction
See General Comments
Figure 6Nautical Chart No. 1
Nautical Chart No. 1
Refer Bowditch Baypractice chartcompass rose
Figure 6Chart title block
Nautical Chart No. 1
Nautical Chart No. 1
Nautical Chart No. 1
Nautical Chart No. 1
Nautical Chart No. 1
Nautical Chart No. 1
12 3 Charts
Chart Smart USPS 2003 Edition
Lesson Plan Outline
Topic Key Idea Slide (ppt) Emphasis/Other TAs
MarineHazards
DistanceScales
VerticalClearances
The Latitude-LongitudeSystem
L and LoScales
DeterminingL & Lo
Chart Scales
Chart Types
Point out samples
Nautical/Statutemiles
At mean high water,Heights areaverages!
Two sets ofimaginary lines
Parallels of LatitudeDescribe,demonstrate
Meridians ofLongitudeDescribe,demonstrate
Where found:conventionalcharts small-craftcharts
Units ofmeasurement:Conventional:minutes/10ths ofminute
Small craft:minutes/seconds
Demonstrate
Define scale/explain
Different scales:Sailing, General,Coast,Lake, Harbor,Small MarineFacility
Wrecks, rocks
Figure 6 Refer BowditchBay practice chart
Refer to TR chartfor examples
Figure 7, Figure 8Demonstrate with aglobe; tape or drawlines on a globe;Bowditch Bay chart
Figure 9Refer to L and Lo scales
on Bowditch Baypractice chart
Figure 9Lay dividers on
overhead table todemonstrate
Figure 10
Show charts of localarea; showcommercial chart kit
CS-03 slides 9, 10
CS-03 slide 11note—slide 11and Figure 9 aredifferentexamples
CS-03 slides 12,13, 14
3 Charts 13
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
Lesson Plan Outline
Topic Key Idea Slide (ppt) Emphasis/Other TAs
Many changesoccur
Keep Charts Up-to-date
Listen to CH 09,CH 16 for USCGLocal GuardNotices toMariners
Also on Internet
Protect charts withplastic covers
Demonstrate(optional)
Use Up-to-date Charts
Do Not UseOld Charts
AdditionalExamples
CS-03 slides 15,16, 17 (optional)
Figure 11, Figure 12
Show Dates Latest Ed;show Local Notices
Class Exercise #1—timepermitting
3 Charts 15
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
Homework
1. Blue areas on a chart indicate:a. deep, safe water.b. tidal areas.c. shallow water.d. dry land.
2. Depths on a chart may be in feet,meters, or fathoms. You can tellthe measurement used from the:a. chart compass rose.b. chart title block.c. special instruction sheet that
accompanies the chart.d. purplish-red explanatory notes in
the center of the chart.
3. Charts of tidal water areas alwaysshow vertical clearances ofoverhead objects at:a. mid-tide.b. low water.c. a reference plane decided by town
authorities.d. mean high water.
4. In the grid system that makes itpossible to identify any point onthe earth’s surface, imaginarylatitude lines or parallels oflatitude:a. run east and west.b. run north south.c. are numbered from 0° to 180°.d. run through the geographic poles.
5. On your practice chart in theappendix, what is the latitude andlongitude of the beacon onChannel Island in the center of thechart?a. L 41° 41.1´ N, Lo 71° 20.9´ Wb. L 41° 41.7´ N, Lo 71° 24.8´ Wc. L 41° 43.9´ N, Lo 71° 24.1´ Wd. L 41° 41.1´ W, Lo 71° 20.9´ N
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
17
4
Aids to Navigation
1 In this section, students will learn to:• recognize and understand the purpose
of the various kinds of navigationalaids
• use these aids intelligently in the safeoperation of a boat
Motivations ForLearning
2 Aids to navigation are nautical “street andcaution” signs that a boater must understandto move a boat safely.
General Comments3 Color slides depicting the various types of
navigational aids found in local waters areexcellent teaching aids. Develop these slidesas a squadron project.
4 Using an overhead transparency, chalk-board, or flip chart, sketch the shapes ofvarious types of navigational aids (nuns,cans, day marks, isolated danger buoys,etc.) and ask the students to identify them.
5 Create a hypothetical or real chart channelarea on the chalkboard, or on prepared pho-tocopied handouts, and ask the students totrace the route of a boat through a channel.
6 Construct mockup models of the varioustypes of navigational aids for demonstra-tion purposes.
Teaching AidsOverhead projector or LCD computer pro-
jectorOverhead transparencies or MS
PowerPoint slides from the fileCS_04_Aids_to_Nav.ppt
Color tables on pages 21-22 of the stu-dent manual should be highlighted
CG Color Plates 1-4 on the back pages ofthe student manual should be high-lighted
Color slides of local navigational aids(slide projector needed)
Chalkboard or flip chart
18 4 Aids to Navigation
Chart Smart USPS 2003 Edition
Lesson Plan Outline
Topic Key Idea Slide (ppt) Emphasis/Other TAs
Introduction
Agenda
Aids toNavigation
U.S. Aids toNavigation
Red-Right-Returning
USWMSSystem
Marks
TwoCategories
Identification
Two Typesof Marks
ChartSymbols
Shapes andColors ofMarks
Stbd. Side ofChannel
Port Side ofChannel
Presentation coverpage
Introduction of NewMaterial
What Nav Aids tellmariners
LateralSystem clockwisearound coast
Define/describeDefine Returning3R Rule on GreatLakes
Define LateralDefine Non-lateral
Daylight/At nightNever tie to a mark
BuoysDescribe features
BeaconsDescribe features
Daybeacons/daymarks
Buoy symbolsBeacon symbols
Describe
Describe
CS-04 slide 1
CS-04 slide 2
CS-04 slide 3
CS-04 slide 4
CS-04 slide 5
CS-04 slide 6
CS-04 slide 7
CS-04slides 8, 9, 10, 11
Introduction of material
Lesson Introduction
Emphasize safety
CG Color Plates 1–3;Tables on
SM pages 21–22
Tie red and greenballoons to table orinstructor’s wrists toillustrate starboardand port marks
CG Color Plate 4
Tables onSM pages 21–22
Color slides oflocal marks
Point out buoys andbeacons on BowditchBay practice chart
Refer toBowditch Bay chart
CG Color Plate 1SM page 21Local marks color slides
CG Color Plate 1SM page 21Local marks color slides
4 Aids to Navigation 19
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
Lesson Plan Outline
Topic Key Idea Slide (ppt) Emphasis/Other TAs
Numbers andLetters
Stbd. Side ofChannelwhen“Returning”
Port Side ofChannelwhen“Returning”
Other MarksWithLettering
LightedMarks
LightedBuoys &Beacons
The LateralSystem
LateralSystem
Side-of-ChannelMarks
PreferredChannelMarks
Describe—green cans, odd,increasing
Describe—red nuns, even,increasing
Describe lettering
Structures• Light color—
starboard side• Light color—
port side• Color of other
buoys• When lighted• Distance
visibile• Light patterns• Fixed—describe• Rhythmic—
describe
Define/describe
DefinePort side marksStarboard side
marks
DefinePort Preferred
ChannelStarboard
PreferredChannel
CG Color Plate 1 Colorslides of local marks
CG Color Plate 1 Colorslides of local marks
CG Color Plate 1 Colorslides of local marks
CG Color Plate 1
CG Color Plate 1
Color slides of localmarks
Refer toBowditch Bay chart
Color slides of localmarks
Refer toBowditch Bay chart
CS-04 slides 12, 13
CS-04 slide 14
20 4 Aids to Navigation
Chart Smart USPS 2003 Edition
Lesson Plan Outline
Topic Key Idea Slide (ppt) Emphasis/Other TAs
Non-LateralSystem
IsolatedDangerMarks
Safe WaterMarks
SpecialMarks
Ranges
SoundSignals
The USWMSSystem
LateralSystem
CardinalSystem
InformationandRegulatoryMarks
MooringBuoys
OtherSystems
Intra CoastalWaterway
WesternRivers
AdditionalExamples
AdditionalExamples
Define/describe
Define/describe
Define/describe
Define/describe
Bells, gongs,whistles
Define differences
Define/describe
Define/describe
Define/describe
Define/describe
Define/describe
Lateral Systemday vs. night;describe lightpatterns
Demonstrate(optional)
CS-04 slide 14
CS-03 slide 13
CS-04 slide 14
CS-04 slide 11
CS-04 slide 15
CS-04 slides 15, 16
CS-04 slides 17,18(optional)
CS-04 slides 19,20, 21(optional)
CG Color Plate 1
CG Color Plate 1
CG Color Plate 1
Figure 14
Figure 15
CG Color Plate 4
CG Color Plate 4
CG Color Plate 4
CG Color Plate 4
SM page 24
CG Color Plate 4
CG Color Plates 2 and3—time permitting
Class Exercise #2—timepermitting
4 Aids to Navigation 21
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
Homework
1. An accurate way to find out whereyou are on the water is to:a. look at your compass.b. find your location in the Local
Notice to Mariners for the area.c. locate your position relative to
a particular aid to navigationon a chart.
d. ask a passing boater.
2. Daymarks are used to identify:a. precise locations of buoys.b. approximate positions of floating
aids.c. isolated danger buoys.d. daybeacons in daytime.
3. A can buoy will be _______ inshape and shown on a chart as asmall circle and a _______.a. spherical; squareb. round; trianglec. conical; diamondd. cylindrical; diamond
4. When returning from sea using theU.S. Aids to Navigation System,you always keep:a. green side-of-channel marks to
starboard.b. yellow marks to port.c. red side-of-channel marks to
starboard.d. lighthouses and other beacons
towards shore.
5. In U.S. waters, solid red starboardside-of-channel marks will have:a. no numbers or letters.b. odd numbers.c. letters only.d. even numbers.
6. As you return from sea, identifyingnumbers on navigation marks will:a. increase in value.b. be the same on both sides of the
channel.c. be in 4-inch block letters.d. decrease in value.
7. In the U.S. system, lightednavigation marks that show theport side of a channel whenreturning from sea have:a. green lights.b. yellow lights.c. red lights.d. white lights.
8. Red and green horizontally-bandedmarks identify:a. fish traps and weirs during seasonal
fish runs.b. temporary aids in navigable
channels during the holiday season.c. safe water in navigable channels
and offshore approaches.d. preferred channels in
locations of channel junctionsor obstructions.
9. In the U.S. system, red and whitevertically-striped marks identify:a. controlled areas of slow speed, no
wake, etc.b. dumping ground locations in open
water.c. safe water on both sides and
the center of navigablechannels and offshoreapproaches.
d. preferred channels where there arechannel junctions or obstructions.
22 4 Aids to Navigation
Chart Smart USPS 2003 Edition
10. Two beacons placed a suitabledistance apart to show thecenterline of a channel are called:a. a fairlead.b. a range.c. a header.d. articulated beacons.
11. Aids to navigation are equippedwith sound signals to:a. discourage sea birds from building
nests.b. to help boaters find marks in
restricted visibility.c. provide a pleasant nautical
background atmosphere.d. assist boaters in identifying aids in
clear visibility.
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
23
5
Piloting—Plotting a Course
1 In this section, will learn to:• draw a course line• determine its direction• label it for direction
Motivations ForLearning
2 To operate a boat safety in unfamiliar, rock-strewn, shallow waters requires constant at-tention to a boat's position and course. Aknowledge of piloting is critical to the safeoperation of a vessel.
3 Basic piloting skills are necessary for theoperators of boats of all sizes; power andsail. A skipper becomes aware of the needfor these skills the first time he/she encoun-ters unfamiliar waters, darkness, or re-stricted visibility.
Teaching Aids• Overhead projector or LCD computer
projector• Overhead transparencies or MS
PowerPoint slides from the fileCS_05_Piloting.ppt
• Transparency non-permanent markingpens
• USPS Plotter• Dividers• Bowditch Bay practice chart in the
back of the student manual
The USPS Plotter4 The 8 × 10 inch USPS plotter is the official
plotter for Chart Smart. It's advantage issimplicity. The degree scale runs from 0ºthrough 359º, instead of the 180º segmentprovided on other plotters. It is thereforeunnecessary to rotate the plotter. The 0º and180º indicators are always positioned northand south, respectively. Note that coursesand bearings can be read from either of thetwo 360º protractor scales, or from the outeredge of the plotter.
To Plot a CourseWith The USPS Plotter
1. Using one of the edges of the plotter,draw the course line on the chart.
2. Place the center target or "bulls-eye"on the course line at any point.
3. Keeping the center on the course line,align any vertical or horizontal line onthe plotter with any meridian of longi-tude or parallel of latitude on the chart.
4. Read the true course from any one ofthree locations on the plotter (eitherprotractor or the edge of the plotter).It can be read in either of two direc-tions. Note that the larger protractorhas two scales; the inner scale beingthe true course; the outer scale the re-ciprocal course.
24 5 Piloting—Plotting a Course
Chart Smart USPS 2003 Edition
Lesson Plan Outline
Topic Key Idea Slide (ppt) Emphasis/Other TAs
Introduction
Agenda
Navigation
Piloting
PilotingInstruction
Plotting aCourse
Plotting
PlottingTools
Rules andStandards
TrueDirection
TrueDirection
ChartCompassRose
Latitude andLongitude
Presentationcover page
Introduction of NewMateria
Define/describe
Define/describe
Describe foursections
Define
Define/describeUSPS Course
Plotter
Explain why
Define/describe
Review
Review
CS-05 slide 1
CS-05 slide 2
CS-05 slide 3
CS-05 slide 3
CS-05 slide 4
CS-05 slides 5, 6
CS-05 slide 7
Introduction of material
Lesson Introduction
Figure 16 Place plotteron overhead table todescribe
5 Piloting—Plotting a Course 25
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
Lesson Plan Outline
Topic Key Idea Slide (ppt) Emphasis/Other TAs
Determininga Course
Labeling aCourse forDirection
Practice—ClassExercise
AdditionalExamples
Describe
Explain - helpstudents usingthe plotter
Reading truecourse;
Course directionto nearest wholedegree
ReciprocalCourses Define
CS-05 slide 8, 9
CS-05 slides 8, 9,10, 11, 12, 13,14, and 15
CS-05 slides 16,17, 18,19 (optional)
Figure 17
Class Exercise #3 UseBowditch Bay chartAlways refer tocompass rose fordirection
Class Exercise #4—time permitting
5 Piloting—Plotting a Course 27
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
Homework
1. A knowledge of piloting willprovide you with two valuablesafety skills: 1) the ability to selectthe safest and most efficient routefrom one place to another, and 2)the ability to:a. forecast the weather.b. place the target of your plotter on a
course line.c. steer your boat in a straight line.d. determine your position at any
time.
2. Direction on a chart is measuredfrom 000° to 360° in a clockwisedirection from:a. your compass heading.b. true geographic north.c. true geographic south.d. the lubber’s line.
3. The compass rose and_______________ will indicate truenorth and provide north-southdirection on charts.a. meridians of longitudeb. chart title blockc. parallels of latituded. nautical mileage scale
4. Always label courses drawn oncharts as _______ courses.a. compassb. reciprocalc. trued. estimated
5. When drawing a course line to orfrom a navigational aid, alwaysdraw the line:a. in permanent ink so that it will not
smudge.b. parallel to the longitudinal
meridians.c. to or through the circles or
dots at the bottom of thesymbols.
d at right angles to the parallels oflatitude.
6. Label a course line for direction_______________ and as near aspracticable to the start of thecourse.a. in the marginb. on and below the linec. under the nearest latitude lined. on and above the line
7. When labeling a course line fordirection, always use three digitsto the nearest:a. whole minute.b. tenth of a minute.c. whole degree.d. whole second.
8. On the practice chart, plot acourse from R “6” Fl R 4s buoy(chart center right) to RW “OR”safe water buoy at the entrance toOyster River. The true course is_______. Label your course line.a. 073°b. 118°c. 253°d. 328°
28 5 Piloting—Plotting a Course
Chart Smart USPS 2003 Edition
9. On the practice chart, plot acourse from RW “OR” to RN “2” atthe entrance to Perkins Cove. Thetrue course is _______. Label yourcourse line.a. 025°b. 096°c. 276°d. 305°
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
29
6
Piloting—Distance, Speed, Time
1 In this section, students will learn to calcu-late distance, speed, and time.
Motivations forLearning
2 Knowing how to compute distance, speed,and time allows a student to calculate esti-mated positions at a specific time, and de-termine how long it will take to reach adestination.
General Comments3 Repetitive practice is one of the best ways
to learn the 60 D = ST formula. Use thepractice exercises illustrated in the OHTsto familiarize students with using the for-mula. An alternative method of teaching theuse of the formula is included at the end ofthe section.
4 Use the operation of an automobile as ananalogy. For instance, when teaching com-putation of distance, ask the class the fol-lowing questions in sequence:
1. If you were going 60 mph in a car, howfar would you go in one hour?
2. If you were going 60 mph in a car, howfar would you go in one-half hour?
3. If you were going 57 mph in a car, howfar would you go in 17 minutes?
Teaching Aids• Overhead Projector or LCD computer
projector• Overhead transparencies or MS
PowerPoint slides from the fileCS_06_DST.ppt
• Bowditch Bay practice chart in theback of the student manual
• Dividers• Small hand calculator (optional)
Homework Comments5 Clarifications for students:
1. Problem 5, page 37 of the SM—navaid R “6” refers to R “6” Fl R 4s buoy(chart center right near the bottom ofthe compass rose); nav aid RW “OR”refers to the safe water buoy at theentrance to Oyster River
2. Problem 6, page 37 of the SM—RW“OR” same as in #5; R N “2” is lo-cated at entrance to Perkins Cove
30 6 Piloting—Distance, Speed, Time
Chart Smart USPS 2003 Edition
Lesson Plan Outline
Topic Key Idea Slide (ppt) Emphasis/Other TAs
Introduction
Agenda
The DSTFormula
60 x D =S x T
DST CircleDiagram
Distance
Speed
Time
Presentation coverpage
Introduction of NewMaterial
Explain the formulaelements(60D StreeT)
Explain thisalternativemethod
How to computeHow to measureNautical mile scale
One minute oflatitude
Walking thedividers
Practice exerciseHow to label
course line fordistance
How to computePractice exerciseLabeling a course
lineDetermining boat
speed
How to computeTwenty-four hourclock
Practice exercise
CS-06 slide 1
CS-06 slide 2
CS-06 slides 3, 4
CS-06 slide 5
CS-06 slides6, 7, 8, 9
CS-06 slides10, 11, 12
CS-06 slides 13,14, 15, 16, 17
Introduction of material
Lesson Introduction
Use automobileanalogy—see above
Figure 22
Figure 18 OHTworksheet. Show useof dividers to measureD.Figure 19 Showlabeling on OHTworksheet
Figure 20
Figure 21
6 Piloting—Distance, Speed, Time 31
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
Homework
1. The 60 D = STreet formula is amethod of:a. estimating the draft of a boat when
you know its length.b. computing distance, speed, or
time, when any two of thevalues are known.
c. establishing nautical time of day indaylight savings time.
d. computing the difference betweenstatute and nautical miles.
2. Distance in piloting is alwaysexpressed in:a. nautical or statute miles.b. knots.c. scope.d. boat lengths.
3. A nautical mile is:a. shorter than a statute mile.b. equal to one minute of longitude.c. equal to one minute of
latitude.d. used along coastal highways.
4. The distance of a course line isalways labeled:a. under and near the middle of
the course line.b. on top and near the middle of the
course line.c. on top of the course line near its
origin.d. under the course line and below the
course label.
Questions 5 and 6 refer to the courselines you drew on the “Bowditch Bay”practice chart.
5. The distance in nautical miles fromR “6” to RW “OR” is:a. 1.8 nm.b. 5.6 nm.c. 9.3 nm.d. 11.1 nm.
6. The distance in nautical miles fromRW “OR” to R N “2” is:a. 2.3 nm.b. 8.1 nm.c. 12.9 nm.d. 14.4 nm.
7. If you run your boat 46 minutes ata speed of 6.0 knots, how far willyou go?a. 6.0 nm.b. 4.6 nmc. 7.8 nm.d. 46.0 nm.
8. If you run your boat 1 hour and 24minutes at 11.4 knots, how far willyou go?a. 8.1 nm.b. 12.3 nm.c. 16.0 nm.d. 24.4 nm.
9. A knot is defined as:a. something you should not do.b. one nautical mile per hour.c. speed of a boat when not affected
by current.d. one statute mile per hour.
32 6 Piloting—Distance, Speed, Time
Chart Smart USPS 2003 Edition
10. What is the speed of your boat ifyou travel 8.0 nautical miles in 48minutes?a. 4.8 kn.b. 6.1 kn.c. 10.0 kn.d. 11.4 kn.
11. You left your marina at 1000. At1130 you determine that you havetraveled 12.5 nautical miles. Whathas been your speed?a. 8.3 kn.b. 9.2 kn.c. 12.5 kn.d. 15.0 kn.
12. When computing time innavigation, it is always expressedin:a. seconds to the nearest whole
second.b. hours and tenths of hours.c. daylight saving time.d. minutes to the nearest whole
minute.
13. What is the elapsed time if youdepart at 1327 and arrive at yourdestination at 1601?a. 0h 34 m.b. 1h 34 m.c. 2h 34 m.d. 3h 78 m.
14. You plan a cruise of 21.0 nauticalmiles. If you leave port at 0830 andcruise at a speed of 12 knots, atwhat time will you arrive at yourdestination?a. 0930b. 1015c. 1030d. 1110
15. Nautical time is always expressedin ____ digits.a. threeb. fourc. sixd. nine
16. In nautical time, 11:51 A.M. is:a. 1151 hours.b. 1151c. 2351d. 2351 hours.
17. In nautical time, 11:51 P.M. isdescribed as:a. one thousand one hundred fifty-one.b. twenty-three fifty-one hours.c. eleven fifty-one.d. twenty-three fifty-one.
18. 2221 nautical time is the same as________ conventional time.a. 2.22 P.M.b. 10:21 P.M.c. 11.21 P.M.d. 12.21 P.M.
19. Nautical time 47 minutes later than11:51 a.m. would be:a. 1104b. 1198c. 1228d. 1238
20. Nautical time 47 minutes later than0044 would be:a. 0091b. 0131c. 1331d. 2357
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
33
7
Piloting—Determining Position
1 In this section students will learn to esti-mate the boat position at any time, usingelementary methods of dead reckoning toplot simple bearings for establishing a fix.
General2 Point out to the student that all navigation
involves two principles:
1. Determining the position of a boat2. Directing a boat safely from one place
to another
3 Keep the instruction as basic as possible.
4 Have patience in teaching this section. Makesure the students are with you on each stepas you go through the plotting exercise.Table instructors should encourage studentswho pick the subject up quickly to helpthose who are having trouble. The plottingexercise (pages 44–45) should be completedas a class exercise, step by step. Emphasizeplotting standards and the need to label po-sitions, courses and lines of position accord-ing to USPS plotting standards.
Motivations forLearning
5 Skipper should be aware of the approximatechart positions of their boats at all times.This information is essential to the safetyof a vessel and its crew. Basic to suchknowledge is a technique of navigationknown as dead reckoning.
Teaching Aids• Overhead Projector or LCD computer
projector• Overhead transparencies or MS
PowerPoint slides from the fileCS_07_Determining_Position.ppt
• Sample Plotting Sheet, Figure 23 onpage 42 of the student manual
34 7 Piloting—Determining Position
Chart Smart USPS 2003 Edition
Lesson Plan Outline
Topic Key Idea Slide (ppt) Emphasis/Other TAs
Introduction
Agenda
DeadReckoning
DeadReckoningTrack
DR Position
Labeling aDR Track
Labeling aDR position
Lines ofPosition
Bearings
Labeling aBearing
Presentation coverpage
Introduction ofNew Material
DefineThreefactors
DefinePurposeWhy importantRules for
Define/describeWhen calculated/
plottedValue
Describe
Describe
Define/describePurpose/Why
importantValue
DefineMagnetic bearingsBow-on bearingsTrue bearing
Why neededHow determinedHow plotted
Describe
CS-07 slide 1
CS-07 slide 2
CS-07 slides 3, 4
CS-07 slide 5
CS-07 slide 5
CS-07 slide 6
CS-07 slide 6
CS-07 slide 6
CS-07 slides 7, 8, 9
CS-07 slide 10
Introduction of material
Lesson Introduction
Figure 23, Figure 24
Figure 23, Figure 24
Figure 23
Figure 23
Figure 23, Figure 24
7 Piloting—Determining Position 35
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
Lesson Plan Outline
Topic Key Idea Slide (ppt) Emphasis/Other TAs
Fixes
Labelinga Fix
PlottingExercises
AdditionalExamples
Define/describeHow established
Alongsideknown objectIntersect twoLOPs
Describe
Follow SamplePlotting Sheet
Demonstrate(optional)
CS-07slides 10, 11, 12
CS-07slides 10, 11, 12
CS-07slides 13, 14
CS-07 slides 15,16, 17, 18, 19, 20(optional)
Figure 23, Figure 24
Figure 23Class Exercise #5
Class Exercise #6—time permitting
7 Piloting—Determining Position 37
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
1. Dead reckoning is the estimatingof a boat’s position by applyingcourse and distance traveled from:a. any location on a DR track.b. a previously determined
position.c. any point on a depth curve.d. any estimated position.
2. A dead reckoning track is:a. a course line that is absolutely
correct in its accuracy.b. the actual course of a vessel plotted
over the bottom.c. a measured course used to practice
navigational exercises.d. the intended course line of a
vessel as plotted on a chart.
3. The value of plotting a DR track isthat it will:a. keep a skipper informed of the
approximate position of avessel.
b. provide instant information ofmarine facilities whenever needed.
c. give an exact position of a vessel atany given time.
d. always tell a skipper where toexpect heavy seas.
4. Always label a DR position on achart with:a. a small half-circle placed on
top of a course line around adot of position.
b. the letters “DR” in italic capitalletters alongside a dot of position.
c. a magenta circle around a dot ofposition.
d. a full circle around a dot of positionon the course line.
Homework
5. A bow-on bearing is one taken:a. by setting the compass on the boat’s
bow.b. on the bow of another boat.c. directly ahead of the vessel.d. while a boat is right alongside a
buoy.
6. To plot a compass bearing on achart it must be:a. converted by using the 60 D Street
formula.b. taken as the direction of the vessel
from an object.c. converted to a true bearing.d. aken over the stern of the boat.
7. Label a bearing on a chart byshowing the plotted time in fourdigits above the line anda. the direction in three digits
alongside the time.b. no other labeling is necessary.c. the direction in three digits
below the line.d. magnetic course on top of the line.
8. A relatively accurate position of avessel at a given time that isdetermined without reference to aformer position is called a:a. plot.b. bearing.c. DR position.d. fix.
38 7 Piloting—Determining Position
Chart Smart USPS 2003 Edition
9. A fix is frequently establishedwhen alongside known chartedobjects and:a. when two DR positions are plotted
at the exact same time.b. at the intersection of two
plotted lines of position whichwere taken at approximatelythe same time.
c. when taking a single bow-onbearing.
d. whenever estimating your position.
10. A fix is labeled on a chart with asmall circle around a dot ofposition or:a. around the intersect point of
two lines of position.b. around a triangle marking two lines
of position.c. by writing the word FIX in capital
letters next to a dot of position.d. the intersect point of two DR
positions.
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
39
A
Chart Smart Supplies
1 There are a number of items that will benecesssary or helpful to the instructor of thiscourse, some of which are listed here.
Instructional Materials1. Chart Smart Student Manual (item 01-
73-105)2. Additional Student Practice Chart—
Bowditch Bay (item 02-73-119)3. USPS 8 x l0 Plotter (item 11-73-111)4. USPS Dividers—6 Inch (item 11-73-
115)5. Chart Smart OHT's. Microsoft Power-
Point slides are available either (a) asdownloadable files from the USPSMembers Page > Educational Depart-ment > Basic Public Education Com-mittee home page > Downloadable In-formation > BPECom:http://www.usps.org/national/eddeptor (b) from your DEO on a CD.
2 Note: check the on-line USPS EducationalDepartment Catalog for current prices andrevised item numbers.
Quiz Materials3 There is no exam per se; an optional quiz is
available—see the above USPS web site,Chart Smart download site, for an optionalquiz in Microsoft Word (doc) format. Thequiz and answer key is also available inAppendix B and C, respectively of this In-structor Manual.
Supplemental Items• Chart Smart Instructor Set (Includes
Instructor and Student Manuals)• Boating Instructor's Set (optional—in-
cludes The Squadron Boating CourseInstructor and Student Manuals)
• USPS Mini-Quik Course 5 × 6 Plotter( For use on overhead projector)
• This is USPS Brochure(item 08-30-106)
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
41
B
Quiz
Name: Date: Group:
1. Blue areas on a chart indicate:a. deep, safe water.b. tidal areas.c. shallow water.d. dry land.
2. Charts of tidal water areas always showvertical clearances of overhead objectsat:a. mid-tide.b. low water.c. a reference plane decided by town
authorities.d. mean high water.
3. In the grid system that makes it possibleto identify any point on the earth’ssurface, imaginary latitude lines orparallels of latitude:a. run east and west.b. run north and south.c. are numbered from 0° to 180°.d. run through the geographic poles.
4. An accurate way to find out where youare on the water is to:a. look at your compass.b. find your location in the Local
Notice to Mariners for the area.c. locate your position relative to a
particular aid to navigation on achart.
d. ask a passing boater.
5. Direction on a chart is measured from000° to 360° in a clockwise directionfrom:a. your compass heading.b. true geographic north.c. true geographic south.d. the lubber’s line.
6. When labeling a course line fordirection, always use three digits to thenearest:a. whole minute.b. tenth of a minute.c. whole degree.d. whole second.
7. If a compass is properly mounted, thenumbers on the compass card when readat the lubber’s line will indicate thedirection the boat is heading in referenceto:a. magnetic north.b. the north star.c. true north.d. the boat’s centerline.
8. Mount a compass so that:a. the compass card can be seen from
anywhere in the boat.b. it is as close to your VHF radio as
possible.c. it will not be in the way—anywhere
you can find a place.d. a line through the lubber’s line and
the center of the compass is parallelto the keel.
9. Variation:a. is established by the Coast Guard.b. can usually be ignored.c. changes with geographic position.d. does not show on a chart.
10. A nautical mile is:a. shorter than a statute mile.b. equal to one minute of longitude.c. equal to one minute of latitude. d. used along coastal highways
42 B Quiz
Chart Smart USPS 2003 Edition
11. A plotted course line is labeled asfollows:a. course above the line, distance and
speed below the line.b. a course line is never labeled.c. course and distance above the line.d. distance above the line, course
below the line.
12. The value of plotting a DR track is that itwill:a. keep a skipper informed of the
approximate position of a vessel.b. provide instant information of
marine facilities whenever needed.c. give an exact position of a vessel at
any given time.d. always tell a skipper where to
expect heavy seas.
13. A bow-on bearing is one taken:a. by setting the compass on the boat’s
bow.b. on the bow of another boat.c. directly ahead of the vessel.d. while a boat is right alongside a
buoy.
14. To plot a compass bearing on a chart itmust be:a. converted by using the 60 D Street
formula.b. taken as the direction of the vessel
from an object.c. converted to a true bearing.d. taken over the stern of the boat.
15. A fix is frequently established whenalongside known charted objects and:a. when two DR positions are plotted
at the exact same time.b. at the intersection of two plotted
lines of position which were takenat approximately the same time.
c. when taking a single bow-onbearing.
d. whenever estimating your position.
Bowditch Bay Day CruiseThe following questions refer to afictional day’s cruise on BowditchBay. You will need the BowditchBay practice chart from the back ofyour student manual, your plotter,and your dividers. You may use acalculator if you wish.You are anchored alongside G “9”which is located approximately 3.5nm north of the entrance to BlackFish Creek. You decide to make arun to R “4” BELL which is locatedat L 41o 42.3’ N, Lo 71o 13.5’ W, todo some fishing.
16. The true course from G “9” to R “4” is:a. 019b. 067c. 089d. 247
17. Assuming a deviation of 0o, you willsteer your boat on compass course of:a. 052b. 082c. 232d. 262
18. What is the distance from G “9” to R“4”?a. 12.1 nmb. 14.8 nmc. 15.7 nmd. 16.5 nm
19. While fishing at R “4”, you note darkclouds developing in the western sky,and decide to head home to Black FishCreek via safe water buoy RW “BC”. Ifyou leave R “4” at 1245 and travel at 8knots, at what time should you arrive atRW “BC”?a. 1329b. 1337c. 1417d. 1455
B Quiz 43
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
20. If you arrive at RW “BC” at 1405, whatwas your actual boat speed?a. 4.6 Knb. 9.2 Knc. 9.8 Knd. 10.2 Kn
Name: Date: Group:
21. What is the latitude and longitude of thelighthouse on Channel Island?a. L 40o 38.5” N, Lo 71o 04.8” Wb. L 41o 41.7” N, Lo 71o 24.8” Wc. L 41o 44.6” N, Lo 71o 34.8” Wd. L 41o 45.2” N, Lo 72o 35.1” W
C Quiz Answers 45
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
C
Quiz Answers
1. Blue areas on a chart indicate:a. deep, safe water.b. tidal areas.c. shallow water.d. dry land.
Reference: page 9, column 1
2. Charts of tidal water areas alwaysshow vertical clearances ofoverhead objects at:a. mid-tide.b. low water.c. a reference plane decided by town
authorities.d. mean high water.
Reference: page 11, columns 1 and 2
3. In the grid system that makes itpossible to identify any point onthe earth’s surface, imaginarylatitude lines or parallels oflatitude:a. run east and west.b. run north and south.c. are numbered from 0° to 180°.d. run through the geographic poles.
Reference: page 12, column 1
4. An accurate way to find out whereyou are on the water is to:a. look at your compass.b. find your location in the Local
Notice to Mariners for the area.c. locate your position relative to
a particular aid to navigationon a chart.
d. ask a passing boater.
Reference: page 9, column 1
5. Direction on a chart is measuredfrom 000° to 360° in a clockwisedirection from:a. your compass heading.b. true geographic north.c. true geographic south.d. the lubber’s line.
Reference: page 28, column 1
6. When labeling a course line fordirection, always use three digitsto the nearest:a. whole minute.b. tenth of a minute.c. whole degree.d. whole second.
Reference: page 28, column 2
46 C Quiz Answers
Chart Smart USPS 2003 Edition
7. If a compass is properly mounted,the numbers on the compass cardwhen read at the lubber’s line willindicate the direction the boat isheading in reference to:a. magnetic north.b. the north star.c. true north.d. the boat’s centerline.
Reference: page 4, column 1
8. Mount a compass so that:a. the compass card can be seen from
anywhere in the boat.b. it is as close to your VHF radio as
possible.c. it will not be in the way—anywhere
you can find a place.d. a line through the lubber’s line
and the center of the compassis parallel to the keel.
Reference: page 4, column 1
9. Variation:a. is established by the Coast Guard.b. can usually be ignored.c. changes with geographic
position.d. does not show on a chart.
Reference: page 5, column 1
10. A nautical mile is:a. shorter than a statute mile.b. equal to one minute of longitude.c. equal to one minute of
latitude.d. used along coastal highways.
Reference: page 33, column 2
11. A plotted course line is labeled asfollows:a. course above the line,
distance and speed below theline.
b. a course line is never labeled.c. course and distance above the line.d. distance above the line, course
below the line.
Reference: page 29, column 2; page 34,column 2; page 35, column 1
12. The value of plotting a DR track isthat it will:a. keep a skipper informed of the
approximate position of avessel.
b. provide instant information ofmarine facilities whenever needed.
c. give an exact position of a vessel atany given time.
d. always tell a skipper where toexpect heavy seas.
Reference: page 41, columns 1 and 2
13. A bow-on bearing is one taken:a. by setting the compass on the boat’s
bow.b. on the bow of another boat.c. directly ahead of the vessel.d. while a boat is right alongside a
buoy.
Reference: page 43, column 1
14. To plot a compass bearing on achart it must be:a. converted by using the 60 D Street
formula.b. taken as the direction of the vessel
from an object.c. converted to a true bearing.d. taken over the stern of the boat.
Reference: page 43, column 1
C Quiz Answers 47
USPS 2003 Edition Chart Smart
15. A fix is frequently establishedwhen alongside known chartedobjects and:a. when two DR positions are plotted
at the exact same time.b. at the intersection of two
plotted lines of position whichwere taken at approximatelythe same time.
c. when taking a single bow-onbearing.
d. whenever estimating your position.
Reference: page 43, column 2
Bowditch Bay Day CruiseThe following questions refer to a fictionalday’s cruise on Bowditch Bay. You will needthe Bowditch Bay practice chart from the backof your student manual, your plotter, and yourdividers. You may use a calculator if you wish.
You are anchored alongside G “9” which islocated approximately 3.5 nm north of the en-trance to Black Fish Creek. You decide to makea run to R “4” BELL which is located at L 41o42.3’ N, Lo 71o 13.5’ W, to do some fishing.
16. The true course from G “9” to R“4” is:a. 019b. 067c. 089d. 247
17. Assuming a deviation of 0°, youwill steer your boat on compasscourse of:a. 052b. 082c. 232d. 262
18. What is the distance from G “9” toR “4”?a. 12.1 nmb. 14.8 nmc. 15.7 nmd. 16.5 nm
19. While fishing at R “4”, you notedark clouds developing in thewestern sky, and decide to headhome to Black Fish Creek via safewater buoy RW “BC”. If you leaveR “4” at 1245 and travel at 8 knots,at what time should you arrive atRW “BC”?a. 1329b. 1337c. 1417d. 1455
20. If you arrive at RW “BC” at 1405,what was your actual boat speed?a. 4.6 Knb. 9.2 Knc. 9.8 Knd. 10.2 Kn
21. What is the latitude and longitudeof the lighthouse on ChannelIsland?a. L 40o 38.5” N, Lo 71o 04.8” Wb. L 41o 41.7” N, Lo 71o 24.8” Wc. L 41o 44.6” N, Lo 71o 34.8” Wd. L 41o 45.2” N, Lo 72o 35.1” W