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Characteristics of the Earth and the Lithosphere
Journey to the Inside of the Earth!
http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/structure.html
The Lithosphere
Definition – The outer shell of the earth made up of the crust and the upper mantle.
Comments – The lithosphere is where human beings live!
Diagram of the lithosphere
http://benoit.ramiere.free.fr/documents/4/cours/tectonique.htm
The Lithosphere and Human Activities
Tsunami Japon http://www.union-planetaire.org/category/
lithosphere/
Agriculture
Mining
Video mining in the Congo
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/video/the-perils-of-independent-mining/article4472991/?from=4487572
Connection to mobile phones minerals in the Congo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3OWj1ZGn4uM
Land Use PlanningLand use planning is an essential tool
for pollution control and prevention. Land use categories refer to the different socioeconomic activities in a certain area, the human behaviors they create and their effect on the environment. These activities take place at a local level but contribute to global processes, such as climate change.
Land Use Planning Categories
Cave Home
http://money.cnn.com/video/pf/2012/09/13/pf-cave-home-arizona.cnnmoney/
Geological Relief (topology)
• Relief refers to the shape of the land and it is caused by many geological and geophysical phenomena:
The retreat of a glacier causes the formation of a plane.
Erosion can cause canyons and valleys.
Plates colliding cause mountains.
Plain
Glacial Retreat
Mountain Formation
1. Movement of the earth’s plates
2. Volcanoes
Mountain Formation - Orogenesis
Over time mountains change because of erosion.
Himalayas
Appalachians
Canadian Shield
Valleys are formed from erosion by rivers
Topology Map of the US
http://education.usgs.gov/secondary.html
Geological Phenomenon
Ocean expansion, Volcano eruptions http://www.biologieenflash.net/animation.php?
ref=geo-0032-1
Humans Contribute to the Transformation of Relief
• Construct roads
• Dig mines
• Build cities and towns
Cape Verde
Terrestrial relief has a huge influence on human activities
• Sports – mountain climbing, skiiing
• River plains are very fertile soil for agriculture.
• Volcano bases are very fertile for agriculture.
• Rivers provide an excellent source of transport from the oceans into the interior of the country.
• Building and road construction must plan carefully around the shape of the land.
• Canyons, mountains and valleys are often very valuable tourist sites.