CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRICULTURE

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CHARACTERSTICS


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CHARACTERSTICS OF AGRICULTURE

Predominance Cultivation Of Food Grains.

High Diversity Of Crops.

Small Size Of Land Holdings.

Intensive Farming.

Use Of Animal And Human Labour.

Dependence Of Rainfall.

Minimum Attention On Fodder Crops.Numerous Problems.

Lack Of Definite Land Use Policy.


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PREDOMINENCE CULTIVATION OF

FOOD GRAINS It occupy 76% of total cropped area.

These cereals include rice, wheat, millet, gram, maize, and

pulses which are grown to meet the food requirement.


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HIGH DIVERSITY OF CROPS

This agriculture shows the great diversity of crops.Some times 4-5 crops are simultaneously raised in thesame field. This is done to ensure some agricultureproduction during unfavorable weather condition.This mixed cropping reduces the agriculture outputand per hectare yield.


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SMALL SIZE OF LAND HOLDING

Due to physical, economic and social factors thelandholdings are tiny, fragmented and unsuitable formodern methods of agriculture.


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INTENSIVE FARMING

In chtse area intensive farming is carried on in limitedareas like Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh, elsewhereit is practiced on traditional lines. That is why perhectare yield of crop is much lower in these areas.


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USE OF ANIMAL AND HUMANS

Agriculture utilizes a number of deaught animal likebullocks, buffaloes, etc in agricultural work, it is alsolabor based enterprise where are agricultureoperations like tilling, sowing, weeding, sprinkling ofinsecticides/pesticides, harvesting, threshing, etc arecarried by human hands. Although the use ofagricultural machinery is replacing animals andhuman power but the pace of progress is very slow andconfined to rich section of the cultivators.


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DEPANDENCE ON RAINFALLVariability in the rainfall in time and space has affect

on concern that despite five decades of constantendeavors only a small cropped area has been broughtunder irrigation rest is at the mercy of rain-god. Thatis why when rain fails agricultural production is badlyaffected, scarcity prevails and price reach sky high.


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MINIMUM ATTENTION ON

FODDER CROPS

This region puts minimum attention on foddercrops(about 4% of cropped area). This together with

lack of good pastures have determinal effect over thedevelopment of dairy farming.


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NUMEROUS PROBLEMS Indian agriculture suffer from numerous problems

that is small land holdings, unscientific method offarming, less irrigation facilities, greater veriability topest and disease, poverty among farmers and lack ofinfrastructure facilities etc.


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LACK OF DEFINITE AGRICULTURE

LAND USE POLICYAt regional level it is on the will of the farmer to grow

one or another crop. This times lead to excess ofproduction and some times scarcity. Lack of marketingand storage . facilities and activity of brokers andmiddleman deprive farmers to fetch remunerativeprices for agricultural products.


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DETERMINENTS


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DETERMINANTS OFAGRICULTURE

Physical Determination Economic Determination Socio-Culturaldetermination

1. Terrain2. Topography

3. Altitude4. Climate

TemperatureSunlight &sunshineDew & hoer frostMoisturePressure SystemWindHumidityFog & mistPrecipitations:

RainfallSnowfallHalf

StonefallSlat

5. TheSoil Parental

MaterialClimateLivingOrganismsTime

1. Capital2. Mechanization & Equipments3. Transportation4. Marketing Facilities

1. Land Tenancy2. Labour3. Religion


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PHYSICAL DETERMINANTS

1. TERRAIN

2. TOPOGRAPHY3. ALTITUDE4. CLIMATE :-

TemperatureSunlight & sunshineDew and hoar frostMoistureWindHumidityFog and mist

Precipitation :-RainfallSnowfallSoils


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ECONOMIC DETERMINENTS

1. Capital2. Mechanization And Equipments

3. Transportation Facilities4. Marketing Facilities


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SOCIO-CULTURAL DETERMINANTS

1. Land Tenancy2. Labour3. Religion

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CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRICULTURE