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Chapter One: The Beginnings of
Civilization
Chapter One: The Beginnings of
Civilization
Defining “Civilized”Defining “Civilized”
• Urban life: permanent constructions
• System of regulatory government• Class distinction (wealth and
occupation)• Tools/skills --> production/trade• Written communication• Shared system of religious belief
** Not a value judgment! **
• Urban life: permanent constructions
• System of regulatory government• Class distinction (wealth and
occupation)• Tools/skills --> production/trade• Written communication• Shared system of religious belief
** Not a value judgment! **
Origins of Western Civilization
Origins of Western Civilization
• Paleolithic World View (Old Stone Age)• Art• Religion
• Neolithic Civilizations (Late Stone Age)• Domestication of animals• Cultivation of vegetation• Community• War / Weaponry
• Paleolithic World View (Old Stone Age)• Art• Religion
• Neolithic Civilizations (Late Stone Age)• Domestication of animals• Cultivation of vegetation• Community• War / Weaponry
The Bronze Age (3000-1000 B.C.E.)
The Bronze Age (3000-1000 B.C.E.)
• Mesopotamia• Sumerian (3500-2350 B.C.E.)• Semitic (2350-612 B.C.E.)
• Egypt• Aegean Cultures
• Mesopotamia• Sumerian (3500-2350 B.C.E.)• Semitic (2350-612 B.C.E.)
• Egypt• Aegean Cultures
Sumerian CultureSumerian Culture
• Agricultural/Urban settlements• “Fertile Crescent”
• Writing/record-keeping: Cuneiform• Shared system of religious belief• Civil ruler / Religious rulers
• Agricultural/Urban settlements• “Fertile Crescent”
• Writing/record-keeping: Cuneiform• Shared system of religious belief• Civil ruler / Religious rulers
Epic of GilgameshEpic of Gilgamesh
• Gilgamesh ruled at Uruk c. 2700 B.C.E.
• Composed in Sumerian (2000 B.C.E.) on cuneiform tablets
• Introspective work• Asserts universal questions about
human existence
• Gilgamesh ruled at Uruk c. 2700 B.C.E.
• Composed in Sumerian (2000 B.C.E.) on cuneiform tablets
• Introspective work• Asserts universal questions about
human existence
Semitic CultureSemitic Culture
• Akkadian Period• King Sargon and descendants (2350-
2150 B.C.E.)
• Focus on HUMAN achievement• Heroic Code
• Babylonian Legacy• King Hammurabi
• Assyrians• Culmination of Mesopotamian culture
• Akkadian Period• King Sargon and descendants (2350-
2150 B.C.E.)
• Focus on HUMAN achievement• Heroic Code
• Babylonian Legacy• King Hammurabi
• Assyrians• Culmination of Mesopotamian culture
Fall of MesopotamiaFall of Mesopotamia
• Medes• Nomadic warriors• Conquered Nineveh in 612 B.C.E.• Conquered and absorbed by Persians
• Persians• Nomadic warriors• Conquered by Alexander the Great
(330 B.C.E.)
• Medes• Nomadic warriors• Conquered Nineveh in 612 B.C.E.• Conquered and absorbed by Persians
• Persians• Nomadic warriors• Conquered by Alexander the Great
(330 B.C.E.)
Poll: What is another name for a Paleolithic s...
Poll: What are the two most important factors ...
Poll: Are Homo sapiens sapiens the only specie...
Poll: Were cave paintings were used in religio...
Poll: Which country has the best examples of c...
Poll: Gilgamesh ruled which Sumerian city?
Poll: Which goddess did Gilgamesh rebuff?
Poll: What did Gilgamesh and Enkidu kill?
Poll: What did the hero Utnapishtim survive?
Poll: What Biblical story does Utnapishtim's t...
Poll: Any questions?