116

CHAPTER - IV AREA OF THE STUDY

4.1. Introduction:

The present study is made to assess impact of mass media on women in

Gulbarga district. The study also aims at know about the social culture,

economic aspects, religious aspects, political background, etc of women, which

are under mass media. Hence, there is need to know about the geographical

area, climate, population, literacy, education, culture, etc of the Gulbarga

district, which have direct or indirect impact on the media used by women.

The present chapter described these aspects as under.

India is one of the big countries of South Asia and known as

sub-continent. It is located in South Asia. India is the homeland of major

religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism, while also being

home to several indigenous faiths and tribal religions which have survived the

influence of major religions for centuries. The population of India on 1st March,

2011 was 1,210,193,422. India added 181 million to its population since 2001,

slightly lower than the population of Brazil. India with 2.4% of the world's

surface area accounts for 17.5% of its population. Uttar Pradesh is the most

populous state with roughly 200 million people. A little over 5 out of

10 Indians live in the six states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West

Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Provisional data from the census

was released on 31st March, 2011 and the details of the Census of India 2011

are shown as under.

117

Table No. 4.1. Census of India 2011: Highlights (Estimates)

Population Total 1,210,193,422

Males 623,724,248

Females 586,469,174

Literacy Total 74.04%

Males 82.14%

Females 65.46%

Density of population per km2 382

Sex ratio per 1000 males 940 females

Child Sex ratio (0–6 age group) per 1000 males 914 females

The current population of India is shown in the following table:

Table No. 4.2. State-wise Current Population of India 2012

Rank State or UT

Population

(2011

Census)

Density

(per km2)

Sex Ratio

01 Uttar Pradesh 199581477 828 908

02 Maharashtra 112372972 365 946

03 Bihar 103804637 1102 918

04 West Bengal 91347736 1029 947

05 Andhra Pradesh 84665533 308 992

06 Madhya Pradesh 72597565 236 930

07 Tamil Nadu 72138958 555 995

08 Rajasthan 68621012 201 926

09 Karnataka 68621012 201 968

10 Gujarat 61130704 319 918

11 Odisha 41947358 269 978

12 Kerala 33387677 859 1084

13 Jharkhand 32966238 414 947

14 Assam 31169272 397 954

15 Punjab 27704236 550 893

16 Haryana 25353081 573 877

17 Chhattisgarh 25540196 189 991

18 Jammu & Kashmir 12548926 56 883

19 Uttarakhand 10116752 189 963

20 Himachal Pradesh 6856509 123 974

21 Tripura 3671032 350 961

22 Meghalaya 2694007 132 986

23 Manipur 2721756 122 987

118

24 Nagaland 1980602 119 931

25 Goa 1457723 394 968

26 Arunachal Pradesh 1382611 17 920

27 Mizoram 1091014 52 975

28 Sikkim 607688 86 889

UT1 Delhi 16753235 9340 866

UT2 Puducherry 1244464 2598 1038

UT3 Chandigarh 1054686 9252 818

UT4 Andaman & Nicobar

Islands

379944 46 878

UT5 Dadra & Nagar

Haveli

342853 698 775

UT6 Daman & Diu 242911 2169 618

UT7 Lakshadweep 64429 2013 946

Total India 1210193422 382 940

Karnataka is located at the South-west part of India. Karnataka is a state

of diverse cultures, languages and faiths and the economic and social scenario

within the state, in many ways, mirrors the scenario prevalent in the country

itself. Located in the southern part of India, between the latitudes 11.31° and

18.45° North and the longitudes 74.12° and 78.40° East, Karnataka is, in terms

of population, the ninth largest state among India‘s 28 major states and 7 Union

Territories. Along its northern borders lie the states of Maharashtra and Goa;

Andhra Pradesh is to the east; Tamil Nadu and Kerala to the south, while the

Arabian Sea forms the western boundary. Karnataka came into being as a state

of the Union of India on November 1st, 1956 as a result of the merger of five

territories where Kannada was the language of the people. These were: four

districts of the erstwhile Bombay state; three districts of the erstwhile princely

state of Hyderabad; two districts and one taluk of the former Madras state; the

former Part C state of Coorg (now known as Kodagu); and nine districts of the

former princely state of Mysore. Map of Karnataka is given as under:

119

Map No. 1. Karnataka State in India with districts

The new state was initially known as Mysore, but subsequently, in 1973,

it was renamed ‗Karnataka‘, thereby fulfilling a long standing demand of the

people of the state. For administrative purposes, the state is divided into

30 revenue districts. It is the eighth largest Indian State by area, with

61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census, Karnataka is the ninth state by

population, comprising 30 districts. Kannada is the most widely spoken and

official language of the state. The statistics of Karnataka population as per the

Census of India 2011 is as under:

120

Table No. 4.3. Statistics of Karnataka

Particulars 2011 2001

Approximate Population 6.11 Crore 5.29 Crore

Actual Population 61130704 52850562

Male 31057742 26898918

Female 30072962 25951644

Population Growth 15.67% 17.25%

Percentage of Total

Population

5.05% 5.14%

Sex Ratio 968 964

Child Sex Ratio 943 973

Literacy 75.60% 66.64%

Male Literacy 82.85% 76.06%

Female Literacy 68.13% 57.80%

Total Literates 41029323 30434962

Male Literates 22808468 17661211

Female Literates 18220855 12773751

The distribution of population in districts of Karnataka including

Gulbarga as per the Census of India, 2011 is shown in the following table.

Table No. 4.4. Distribution of Population in Districts of Karnataka

District

Code State/ District

Population in 2011

Persons Male Female

Karnataka 61130704 31057742 30072962

01 Belgaum 4778439 2427104 2351335

02 Bagalkot 1890826 952902 937924

03 Bijapur 2175102 1112953 1062149

04 Bidar 1700018 870850 829168

05 Raichur 1924773 966493 958280

06 Koppal 1391292 701479 689813

07 Gadag 1065235 538477 526758

08 Dharwad 1846993 939127 907866

09 Uttara Kannada 1436847 727424 709423

10 Haveri 1598506 819295 779211

11 Bellary 2532383 1280402 1251981

12 Chitradurga 1660378 843411 816967

13 Davanagere 1946905 989602 957303

14 Shimoga 1755512 879817 875695

15 Udupi 1177908 562896 615012

16 Chikmagalur 1137753 567483 570270

17 Tumkur 2681449 1354770 1326679

18 Bangalore 9588910 5025498 4563412

121

19 Mandya 1808680 909441 899239

20 Hassan 1776221 885807 890414

21 Dakshina

Kannada

2083625 1032577 1051048

22 Kodagu 554762 274725 280037

23 Mysore 2994744 1511206 1483538

24 Chamarajanagar 1020962 513359 507603

25 Gulbarga 2564892 1307061 1257831

26 Yadgir 1172985 591104 581881

27 Kolar 1540231 779401 760830

28 Chikkaballapur 1254377 637504 616873

29 Bangalore

Rural

987257 507514 479743

30 Ramanagar 1082739 548060 534679 Source: Census of India, 2011

The state income or Net State Domestic Product (at 1993-94 prices)

increased from Rs. 30,087.57 crore in 1990-91 to Rs. 61,386.40 crore in

2001-02 registering an increase of 9.5 per cent per annum. The per capita

income (NSDP) at constant prices increased from Rs. 6,739 to Rs. 11,516

showing an annual increase of 7.1 per cent during the same period. Agriculture

is the mainstay of the people in the state. Cultivators and agricultural labourers

form about 56 percent of the workforce (2001 census). Agriculture in the state

is characterized by wide crop diversification.

4.2. Gulbarga District:

Gulbarga district is one of the three districts that were transferred from

Hyderabad State to Karnataka state at the time of re-organization of the state in

1956 and is also called as ―Kalaburgi‖ in Kannada. The district is one among

the 30 districts of Karnataka State. It is located in the Northern part of the state.

The District was a biggest district in the state and in 2008, it was divided and

new district Yadgir was formed with 3 talukas from Gulbarga district.

Gulbarga district is bounded on the west by Bijapur district of Karnataka and

Sholapur district of Maharashtra, on the west by Bijapur district of Andhra

Pradesh, on the north by Bidar district of and Osmanabad district of

Maharashtra and on the south by Raichur district of Karnataka. There are seven

122

talukas located in Gulbarga district, namely, Afzalpur, Aland, Chincholli,

Chittapur, Gulbarga, Jewargi and Sedam. In 2011, Gulbarga had population of

2,564,892 of which male and female were 1,307,061 and 1,257,831

respectively. In 2001 census, Gulbarga had a population of 2,174,742 of which

males were 1,110,442 and remaining 1,064,200 were females. Geographical

location of Gulbarga district in Karnataka state is shown as under.

Map No. 2. Gulbarga district in Karnataka and India

123

1. Brief History:

The District was under the rule of Nijam of Hyderabad before

independence. The district has a rich background of knowledge and culture.

The existence of university at Nagai in Chitapur, Vignaneshwaras Mitakshara,

Nrupatungas Kavirajmarg and the religious and social revolution led by

Shivsharanas and the Sufi saint Banda Nawaz are all evidence of it.

However, due to erratic rainfall and continuous occurrence of droughts in the

19th

century the life of the people was never smooth and secure. Further during

the Nizams‘ period, the district could not develop due to the negligence and

inefficient administration. The distance was also a factor contributing to it.

Thus it was one of the most backward districts when it joined the old Mysore

State. This position has not changed even after five decades. The map of

Gulbarga district is shown as under.

Map No. 3. Gulbarga District

2. Socio Economic Background:

In recent years a High Power Committee was constituted by the govt. of

Karnataka to look into the problem of regional imbalances in the state.

The Committee (popularly known as Nanjundappa Committee) submitted its

124

report in 2002. The committee, on the basis of various socio-economic

indicators assessed the development of 175 talukas in the state. The Committee

has identified nine talukas among the ten talukas in Old Gulbarga district as the

most backward talukas.

Table No. 4.5. Most Backward Talukas of Gulbarga District

in Karnataka State

Taluka Rank in State Index

Sedam 155 0.72

Chittapur 165 0.65

Afzalpur 170 0.62

Aland 172 0.61

Chincholi 173 0.57

Jewargi 174 0.57

Source: Report of the High Power Committee for Redressal of Regional

Imbalance in Karnataka, Govt. of Karnataka Bangalore 2002

3. Position of the District in Human Development:

Karnataka State has published Human development Report in 1999

based on 1991 date for the then 20 district in the state. The progress in human

Development was brought out through another report published in 2005 for

27 districts in the state today based on 2001 Data. The position of the district

along with the other district in Hyderabad Karnataka Region is indicated in the

following table. The district in both the reports is at the bottom level.

Table No. 4.6. Human Development and Gender Development in

Gulbarga District and HK region

Districts HDI

1991 Rank

HDI

2001 Rank

GDI

1991 Rank

GDI

2001 Rank

Bellary 0.512 18 .617 18 0.499 17 0.606 17

Bidar 0.496 23 0.599 21 0.477 23 0.572 22

Gulbarga 0.453 25 0.564 26 0.432 25 0.543 26

Raichur 0.443 27 0.547 27 0.422 27 0.530 27

State 0.541 - 0.650 - 0.525 - 0.637 -

Source: Human Development Report 2005 Govt. of Karnataka.

125

The position of the district has come down from 25th

to 26th

in the State.

This is because of slow progress in the field of Education and fall in Income

index.

Table No. 4.7. Various Indices of human Development for

Gulbarga District

Year Health

Index Rank

Education

Index Rank

Income

Index Rank

1991 0.575 23 0.432 25 0.352 24

State 0.618 - 0.602 - 0.402 -

2001 0.632 20 0.572 25 0.490 25

State 0.680 - 0.712 - 0.559 -

Source: Human Development Report 2005 Govt. of Karnataka

Thus, the position of the district has not improved significantly over the

years. The gap between the State and the district is reduced by only a margin of

0.2 (From 0.88 to 0.86).

4. Geographical Traits:

The district has total area of 16174 Sq. Kms. This constitutes 5.93% of

the area of the state. The region is characterized by black cotton soil, expanses

of flat treeless surface, a range of hills covering a surface of about 60 miles and

same lower belts following the main rivers. The district is devoid of forest

except in the hilly portion of Aland and Chincholi. The area under forest is

4.2% of the total area.

Table No. 4.8. Area of Gulbarga district

Sl.

No. Taluks Hoblies

Grama

Panchayaths Inhabited

Un-

Inhabited Towns/ Urban

Agglomeration

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Afzalpur 3 22 89 4 0

2 Aland 5 39 135 1 1

3 Chincholli 4 32 137 11 0

4 Chittapur 5 35 122 3 5

5 Gulbarga 6 36 136 4 1

6 Jewargi 5 33 145 14 0

7 Sedam 4 23 109 8 3

TOTAL 32 220 873 45 10

126

5. Rainfall and Land Use:

The district is a drought prone area. The average rainfall is 777 mm. and

the normal rainy days are 46 in a year. The climate is very hot during the

summer which effects adversely on the work capacity of the people.

The temperature ranges between 44° centigrade in summer to 26° in winter.

The period from December to May is the driest part of the year. The land use is

classified in the district is shown in the following table.

Table No. 4.9. Land use Classification (Unit: Area in Hectares)

Taluka

Area

under

Forest

Land Not available

for cultivation

Cultivable

waste

Uncultivated

land excluding

fallow land

Fallow land

Land

put to

non

agri.

uses

Barren &

uncultivable

land

Pmt.

Pastures

& other

grazing

land`

Mics.

Tree

crops,

groves

Current

fallows

Other

fallow

land

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Afzalpur 78 5819 2395 458 1322 4 15083

Aland 2854 3465 3142 974 3469 55 28504 2600

Chincholi 19622 3006 13003 2723 6516 857 8703 700

Chittapur 6150 9368 3689 4530 674 21 25591 1480

Gulbarga 4121 8150 4223 78 4322 39 24237 300

Jewargi 310 8317 1838 294 6486 60 3761 230

Sedam 2181 3295 6823 360 3066 50 3345 1475

TOTAL 35316 41420 35113 9417 25855 1086 109224 6785

Table No. 4.10. Rain fall of Gulbarga District for last 5 years

(2002 To 2006)

Year Total (mm)

2002 525.99

2003 504.14

2004 578.64

2005 790.12

2006 508.6

127

6. Basic Infrastructure:

The district also lacks adequate infrastructure which is one of the basic

cause of long economic stagnation in the district. The total length of surface

roads is only 28.26 kms. The length of village roads is 3678.75 kms. A large

part of these roads are closed during rainy season. The total length of railway

line is 225 kms. The district headquarters lies on the main National Network.

But the internal network availability is very low. Only 4 talukas Afzalpur,

Chittapur, Gulbarga and Sedam are connected by a railway line.

Table No. 4.11. Basic Infrastructure

Taluka State

Highways

Major

District

Roads

Other

District

Roads

Village

Roads

Railway

Route

Length

Afzalpur 101.1 141.48 ---- 602.4 31

Aland 185.1 182.5 ---- 703.2 ---

Chincholi 131.6 112 ---- 582.85 ---

Chittapur 56.3 272.2 ---- 693.35 66

Gulbarga 112.3 48.85 0 648.79 38

Jewargi 36.35 239.1 ---- 1045.7

Sedam 95.6 117 0 381.45 32

TOTAL 718.35 1113.13 0 4657.74 167

Table No. 4.12. Area Irrigated through various Sources

Taluka Canals Tanks Wells Borewells Lift

Irrigation

Other

Sources Total

Afzalpur 67 8891 970 60 1653 11641

Aland -- 165 6045 247 177 7297

Chincholi 1529 324 544 799 --- 158 3354

Chittapur -- -- 538 265 --- 518 1321

Gulbarga 77 45 3112 202 --- --- 3436

Jewargi 16859 -- 6000 330 --- 592 23781

Sedam -- 480 1215 179 --- 293 2167

Total 18465 1081 26345 2745 307 3391 52997

128

Table No. 4.13. Rural Electrification

Taluka Total

Villages

Villages

electrified IP Sets

Afzalpur 89 93 9251

Aland 135 75 11567

Chincholi 137 125 1800

Chittapur 122 68 2358

Gulbarga 136 29 7599

Jewargi 145 36 2644

Sedam 109 34 1840

TOTAL 873 460 37059

7. Educational Infrastructure:

The district has following infrastructure for provision of Education.

Table No. 4.14. Educational Infrastructure according to Census 2001

Primary Schools 2800

High Schools 500

Junior College 132

General Colleges; 26

Medical Colleges

(Including ISM) 06

Polytechnic Colleges 08

Engineering Colleges 04

8. Demographic Trends:

Gulbarga District is experiencing rapid growth of population since 1951.

The decimal growth rate has increased from 14.5 percent to 15.3 percent between

1951 to 61 to 24.2 percent between 1981 to 1991 and has slightly come down to

21 percent between 1999 to 2001. The population of the district as per 2001

census is 31, 30,922 of which male population is 15,92,789 and female population

is 15,38,133. The sex ratio is 966 per 1000 male persons. This is slightly above the

state average of 965 and well above the national average of 933.72% of the

population lives in rural areas. The population is spread over the geographical area

and the density of population is 192 per sq.km.

129

Table No. 4.15. Population trends during the 20th century Decadal

variation

Year Population Decadal Variation

Percentage

1901 883062 --

1911 964468 9.22

1921 887875 -7.94

1931 990505 11.56

1941 1059716 6.99

1951 1213608 14.5

1961 1399457 15.31

1971 1739220 24.2

1981 2080643 19.6

1991 2582169 24.1

2001 3130922 21.4

Source: Census of India District census Hand book:

Gulbarga District 1961-2001.

Table No. 4.16. Demographic Characteristics - 2001

Taluka Area Total

Population Male Female Rural Urban

Afzalpur 1305 180071 92538 87533 160736 19335

Aland 1735 297136 152233 144903 261891 35245

Chincholi 1569 223646 113309 110337 206502 17144

Chittapur 1765 366802 186390 180412 238532 12870

Gulbarga 1730 675679 348665 327014 245414 430265

Jewargi 1822 235254 119598 115656 216075 19179

Sedam 1025 196154 97709 98445 156026 40128

District 10951 2174742 1110442 1064300 1485176 574166

Table No. 4.17. Density of Population and Sex Ratio

Taluka % of Urban

Population

Sex

Ratio Density

Afzalpur 10.7 946 116

Aland 11.9 952 150

Chincholi 7.7 974 121

Chittapur 35 968 175

Gulbarga 63.7 938 303

Jewargi 8.2 967 104

Sedam 20.5 1008 159

DISTRICT 157.7 6753 1128

130

9. SC and ST Population:

Gulbarga district has a sizable part of Scheduled Caste Population. It is

23% of the total population of the district. It is ranked 3rd in the state in respect

of this next to Kolar and Chamraj Nagar. In absolute numbers, the position of

the district (7,17,595) is next to Bangalore Urban (8,51,047). The SC and ST

population forms 22.9 and 4.9 percent of total population respectively.

Within the district the SC population is concentrated in the talukas of

Chincholi (33.2%) Chittapur (29.3%) and Sedam (25.8%). It is lowest in

Afzalpur taluka i.e., 17.8%. The proportion of SC population to total

population has declined from 23.6% to 22.9% between 1991-2001. The decline

follows mainly from two talukas i.e., Gulbarga (21.4% to 20.4%) and Afzalpur

(18.6% to 17.8%).

The proportion of ST population in district population has increased

marginally from 4% to 4.9%. The total ST population of the district as per 2001

census is 154195. It was 106935 in 1991. The growth rate per annum is 4.4%.

Table No. 4.18. Population of Scheduled Castes and Schedule Tribes 2001

Taluka

Scheduled Castes Schedule Tribes

Total Rural Urban

Proportion

to total

population

(percent)

Total Rural Urban

Proportion

to total

population

(percent)

Afzalpur 32103 28607 3496 17.82 3720 3667 53 2.06

Aland 67652 63682 3970 22.77 6194 6035 159 2.08

Chincholi 74337 70023 4314 33.23 5153 4917 236 2.3

Chittapur 107506 66845 40661 29.3 5789 4560 1229 15.78

Gulbarga 138047 73669 64378 20.43 9986 5335 4651 14.78

Jewargi 46806 43240 3566 19.89 11221 10454 767 4.76

Sedam 50686 42248 8438 25.83 5072 4129 943 2.58

TOTAL 517137 388314 128823 169.27 47135 39097 8038 44.34

131

Table No. 4.19. Literacy Rate- Scheduled Caste

Talukas Total Rural Urban

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

Afzalpur 45.7 24.4 35.4 45.07 23.43 34.59 51.04 32.21 42.14

Aland 46.8 25.1 36.3 46.12 24.43 35.53 57.14 37.06 47.78

Chincholi 41 20 30.8 44.12 23.65 34.31 66.23 46.31 56.74

Chittapur 43 24.84 34.08 39.3 19.2 29.75 56.7 35 47.19

Gulbarga 54.7 34.1 44.8 28.9 13.98 21.47 51.47 30.15 41.14

Jewargi 36.8 18 27.5 35.38 18.66 27.15 55.48 35.08 45.5

Sedam 32.8 16.6 24.7 35.4 16.88 26.27 53.04 30.95 42.54

TOTAL 300.8 163.04 233.58 274.29 140.23 209.07 391.1 246.76 323.03

Table No. 4.20. Literacy Rate - Scheduled Tribes

Sl. No. Talukas Male Female Total Rural Urban

1 Afzalpur 48.4 28.6 39 39 39.6

2 Aland 46.8 25.2 36.4 36.2 42.1

3 Chincholi 50.2 27.3 39 38.6 47

4 Chittapur 38.4 19.9 29.4 24.6 47.1

5 Gulbarga 55.2 35.9 45.9 33 60.7

6 Jewargi 37 15.7 26.5 25.6 38.4

7 Sedam 34.5 17 25.6 24 32.2

TOTAL 310.5 169.6 241.8 221 307.1

10. Social Indicators:

The basic social indicators are presented in the following table. The help

us to understand the general conditions of the people, there literacy levels and

other Gender related issues. High proportion of agricultural labourers and non

workers as well as the SC/ST population indicates high incidence of poverty in

the district.

132

Table No. 4.21. Social Indicators of the District

Name of

the

taluka

Population Sex

Ratio

Proportion of

agricultural

labourers to total

workers

Proportion of

SC/ST

population

Proportion

of non

workers

Literacy

2001 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001

Afzalpur 180071 946 53.86 48.27 20.6 19.89 56.1 57.31 37.62 51.67

Aland 297136 952 50.34 50.39 27.1 24.85 54 48.63 39.12 53.79

Chincholi 223646 974 47.42 47.52 35.7 35.54 51.3 49.91 33.41 49.38

Chittapur 366802 968 36.33 30.48 31.4 30.88 59.8 61.49 38.72 50.25

Gulbarga 675679 938 25.57 22.85 23.1 21.9 67.5 67.04 57.33 67.46

Jewargi 235254 967 49.13 52.45 26.6 24.66 56.7 53.71 32.85 44.26

Sedam 196154 1008 35.71 39.5 25.4 28.42 52.4 53.42 34.5 45.23

District 2174742 6753 298.36 291.46 189.9 186.14 397.8 391.51 273.55 362.04

Table No. 4.22. Literacy and Education

Taluka

Growth in literacy 1961 to 2001 (percent)

Total literacy rate Growth in literacy

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 1961-71 1971-81 1981-91 1991-01 1961-01

Afzalpur 9.2 16 23.7 37.62 51.67 73.91 48.13 58.73 37.34 461.63

Aland 14.23 18.2 24.8 39.12 53.79 27.89 36.26 57.74 37.5 278

Chincholi 14.45 16.8 21.3 33.41 49.38 16.26 26.78 56.85 47.8 241.73

Chittapur 13.06 18.8 25.46 38.72 50.25 43.95 35.42 52.08 29.77 284.76

Gulbarga 24.8 31 38.65 57.33 67.46 25.01 24.67 48.33 17.66 172.01

Jewargi 9.8 15.2 20.87 32.85 44.26 55.11 37.3 57.4 34.73 351.63

Sedam 13.7 15.7 21.67 34.5 45.23 14.59 38.02 59.2 31.1 230.14

TOTAL 99.24 131.7 176.45 273.55 362.04 256.72 246.58 390.33 235.9 2019.9

11. Employment and Occupation:

The employment and occupations of the people in Gulbarga district is

discussed as under.

133

Table No. 4.23. Work participate rate: proportion of workers

(Main and Marginal workers) to total population (rural +urban)

Taluka

Total Workers Male Female

1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001

Afzalpur 43.83 42.68 51.61 51.5 35.6 33.4

Aland 45.98 51.36 47 56.1 38.45 46.4

Chincholi 48.6 50.08 53.26 53.8 43.83 46.2

Chittapur 40.2 38.5 39.61 48.8 27.23 27.9

Gulbarga 32.49 32.95 20.7 45.5 16.16 19.5

Jewargi 48.3 46.28 52.92 51.3 43.6 41.1

Sedam 47.57 46.58 48.61 53.2 37.55 40

TOTAL 306.97 308.43 313.71 360.2 242.42 254.5

Table No. 4. 24. Growth of Main Workers 1991-2001

Taluka Main workers 2001 Main workers 1991

Decadal growth in

main workers

(1991-2001)

Persons Male Female Persons Male Female Persons Male Female

Afzalpur 54890 40251 14639 61858 39818 22040 0 0 0

Aland 106212 71457 34755 113536 68530 45006 -6.45 4.27 -2.28

Chincholi 80993 53341 27652 86337 50794 35543 0 0 0

Chittapur 113667 80839 32828 116123 78789 37334 -2.11 2.6 -12.06

Gulbarga 182003 142050 39953 164428 120522 43906 10.68 17.86 -10.36

Jewargi 78852 53540 25312 82837 50048 32789 0 0 0

Sedam 66359 45668 20691 71106 45129 25977 -6.67 1.19 -20.3

TOTAL 682976 487146 195830 696225 453630 242595 -4.55 25.92 -45

The district economy is mainly an agricultural economy as agriculture

contributes 31.7% of district income and provides employment to 67% of the

population. (A large part of the land is under dry land cultivation as the area

under irrigation is only 18.8 percent of the net area sown).

134

Table No. 4.25. Occupational pattern of the workforce (Main workers%)

Census

Year Cultivators

Agricultural

labourers

Household

industry

Other

Workers Total

1961 45.55 26.44 9.21 18.8 100

1971 34.13 36.55 4.4 24.92 100

1981 36.78 43.95 2.66 16.61 100

1991 35.19 50.15 2.06 12.6 100

2001 27.1 40 2.5 30.4 100

The occupational structure is stagnant over the time period.

The proportion of population engaged in agriculture has increased from 70% in

1961 to 75% during 1981-91 and has fallen down to 67% in 2001. The other

trend observed is the percentage of agricultural laborers was increasing till

1991. It has increased from 26.44% in 1961 to 40.1% in 1991 but has come

down to 39.96% in 2001. Though the share of tertiary sector in district income

has increased from 36.6 in 1991 to 45.2 percent in 2001-02 but its share in

employment has increased from 12.6 to 30.4% in 2001 during the same period.

Thus a trend of employment generation in service sector is set in post 1991

period.

Table No. 4.26. Distribution of Land Holding in the District

Holdings Number Percentage Area Percentage

Marginal

Holding 112331 20.46 13463 1.0

Small

holdings 191271 34.86 281868 20.93

Semi

Medium 158492 28.87 435718 32.36

Medium 73750 13.45 435001 32.32

Large 12956 2.36 180220 13.39

Total 548808 100 1346270 100

The distribution of land holdings indicates the domination of semi

medium holdings. They form 28.87 percent of total holdings and cover an area

of 32.36 percent.

135

Table No. 4.27. Land under Cultivation

Taluka

Net

area

sown

Area sown

more than

once

Total

cropped

area

Area

under

Food

grains

Afzalpur 105000 11000 116000 84926

Aland 128354 3800 166354 115484

Chincholi 100724 23416 124140 104319

Chittapur 124944 15000 139944 131719

Gulbarga 127695 19510 147205 116151

Jewargi 164017 24451 188468 133700

Sedam 81850 13517 95367 88854

District 832584 110694 977478 775153

12. Cropping Pattern:

The cropping pattern is mainly dominated by food crops. Tur is the main

crop produced in the district. The district is called as Tur Bowl of the state.

Jawar is the other main food crop Sunflower and Groundnut are the major

oilseeds which occupy the area of 1783870 and 59047 respectively.

Table No. 4.28. Area under Principal Crops and Cereals (in Ha)

Taluka Paddy Jowar Bajra Maize Wheat

Other

cereals

& Minor

Millets

Total

Cereals

& Minor

Millets

Afzalpur 71 26645 6105 440 3255 14 36530

Aland 651 30190 11172 564 3542 2 46121

Chincholi 225 22267 1314 72 139 15 24032

Chittapur 632 25690 3232 43 680 13 30290

Gulbarga 585 33753 8455 245 1829 27 44894

Jewargi 2894 37410 6320 346 4894 13 51877

Sedam 1105 19941 408 0 185 3 21642

DISTRICT 6163 195896 37006 1710 14524 87 255386

136

Table No. 4.29. Area under Pulses

Taluka Gram Tur Other

Pulses Total

Afzalpur 12140 32123 4133 48396

Aland 8117 39995 21251 69363

Chincholi 12784 40816 26687 80287

Chittapur 32285 54803 14341 101429

Gulbarga 11624 50307 9326 71257

Jewargi 13642 58615 9566 81823

Sedam 15857 30553 20802 67212

District 106449 307212 106106 519767

Table No. 4.30. Area under Oilseeds

Taluka Groundnut Sunflower Oilseeds Other

Pulses

Afzalpur 2701 23163 3268 29132

Aland 898 39171 10213 50282

Chincholi 57 285 3016 3358

Chittapur 290 4902 3657 8849

Gulbarga 512 18846 6524 25882

Jewargi 8528 29108 2732 40368

Sedam 756 3041 1935 5732

DISTRICT 13742 118516 31345 163603

13. Commercial Crops:

Sugarcane and cotton are the two commercial crops produced in the

district. But the area under these crops is very less.

Table No. 4.31. Area under Commercial Crops

Taluka Sugarcane Cotton

Afzalpur 3057 615

Aland 1236 --

Chincholi 1740 121

Chittapur 40 88

Gulbarga 527 3

Jewargi 200 4046

Sedam 31 --

DISTRICT 6831 4873

137

Table No. 4.32. Agricultural Production during X plan

Sl.

No. Crops

Production in Lakh tones ( Cotton – Lakh bales)

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Average

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Total Cereals 4.235 4.742 3.816 5.34 3.903 4.407

2 Total Pulses 2.516 2.576 2.52 2.781 1.512 2.381

Total Food grains 6.751 7.318 6.336 8.121 5.415 6.788

3 Total Oilseeds 0.188 0.664 0.197 0.22 0.223 0.298

4 Commercial

Crops

I) Cotton 0.041 0.0134 0.097 0.035 0.0133 0.0398

II) Sugarcane 7.63 7.105 8.68 14.44 9.941

14. Industries and Employment:

The total number of registered factories and industries is 113 and the

employment provided by these industries and factories is 8985 in 2006.

The total statistics of factories and employment in 2001 is as under.

Table No. 4.33. Factories and Employment

Textiles Chemical Engineering Others Total Employment

Afzalpur --- 1 --- 1 2 3000

Aland 1 --- 1 2 4 400

Chincholi --- --- 1 --- 1 50

Chittapur --- --- 4 4 8 300

Gulbarga --- 3 9 47 59 3000

Jewargi --- --- 1 --- 1 50

Sedam --- --- --- 3 3 1500

District 1 4 16 57 78 8300

The small scale industries are developed in Automobiles, Electrical and

Electronics and food and intoxicants.

138

Table No. 4.34. Employment in Small Scale Industry

Taluka Automobiles Electrical & Electronics

Food &

Intoxicants

Number Workers Number Workers Number Workers

Afzalpur 10 20 --- --- 4 24

Aland 15 30 0 0 2 8

Chincholi 9 18 0 0 3 12

Chittapur 19 38 0 0 5 20

Gulbarga 36 176 8 40 25 178

Jewargi 2 4 0 0 1 6

Sedam 4 8 0 0 2 16

DISTRICT 95 294 8 40 42 264

139

4.3. References:

1. Karnataka Handbook 2010.

2. Gulbarga District Web site: http://gulbarga.nic.in

3. Gulbarga District at a Glance, 2011-12.

4. Human Development Report, 2005.

5. Maps accessed from http://www.mapsofindia.com