Chapter 8Chapter 8

The Rise of RomeThe Rise of Rome

Section 1Section 1

Rome’s BeginningsRome’s Beginnings

I. The Origins of Rome (pgs. 263-265)I. The Origins of Rome (pgs. 263-265) Italy is a boot-shaped country in the Italy is a boot-shaped country in the

Mediterranean.Mediterranean.

The heel points toward Greece and the boot The heel points toward Greece and the boot points toward the island of points toward the island of Sicily Sicily (sih*suh*lee)(sih*suh*lee)

The The AlpsAlps are mountains at Italy’s northern border, are mountains at Italy’s northern border, and the and the ApenninesApennines (a-puh-nynz) is a mountain range (a-puh-nynz) is a mountain range that extends through Italy from north to south.that extends through Italy from north to south.

Italy’s terrain was easier to farm than the terrain of Italy’s terrain was easier to farm than the terrain of Greece, so Italy could support more people.Greece, so Italy could support more people.

Among to first settle in Italy were a Latin-speaking Among to first settle in Italy were a Latin-speaking people who built people who built RomeRome on the plain of on the plain of Latium Latium (lay-(lay-shee*uhm).shee*uhm).

Where Was Rome Located?Where Was Rome Located? Geography played an important role in the rise of the Geography played an important role in the rise of the

Roman civilization.Roman civilization.

Rome was located in central Italy on the Rome was located in central Italy on the TiberTiber (ty*buhr) River.(ty*buhr) River.

Rome was built on 7 steep hills which allowed an Rome was built on 7 steep hills which allowed an easy defense of the city.easy defense of the city.

There are two legends that describe how There are two legends that describe how Rome began.Rome began.

The first is a traditional story of two twin The first is a traditional story of two twin brothers, brothers, RemusRemus and and RomulusRomulus..

They were abandoned as babies near the They were abandoned as babies near the Tiber River, rescued by a wolf, and raised by a Tiber River, rescued by a wolf, and raised by a shepherd.shepherd.

Remus and Romulus decided to build a city in Remus and Romulus decided to build a city in 753 B.C., but quarreled over the city’s 753 B.C., but quarreled over the city’s boundaries.boundaries.

Romulus killed Remus and went on to become Romulus killed Remus and went on to become the first king of Rome and named the new city the first king of Rome and named the new city after himself.after himself.

The second story comes from the epic The second story comes from the epic AeneidAeneid written by the Roman poet Virgil.written by the Roman poet Virgil.

This is a story of a Trojan hero named This is a story of a Trojan hero named AeneasAeneas (ih*nee*uhs) who united the Trojans and (ih*nee*uhs) who united the Trojans and some of the Latins.some of the Latins.

He became the “father” of the Romans.He became the “father” of the Romans.

Early InfluencesEarly Influences After about 800 B.C., two other groups joined the After about 800 B.C., two other groups joined the

Romans in Italy:Romans in Italy:1)1) The GreeksThe Greeks2)2) TheThe Etruscans Etruscans (ih*truhs*kuhnz) (ih*truhs*kuhnz)

The Greeks came to southern Italy and Sicily The Greeks came to southern Italy and Sicily between 750 B.C. and 550 B.C. to establish between 750 B.C. and 550 B.C. to establish colonies. colonies.

From the Greeks, Romans learned:From the Greeks, Romans learned:1)1) To grow grapes and olivesTo grow grapes and olives2)2) Adopted the Greek alphabetAdopted the Greek alphabet3)3) ArchitectureArchitecture4)4) SculptureSculpture5)5) LiteratureLiterature

Rome’s early growth was influenced most by the Rome’s early growth was influenced most by the EtruscansEtruscans..

The Etruscans were skilled metalworkers and The Etruscans were skilled metalworkers and became rich from mining and trade.became rich from mining and trade.

The Etruscans:The Etruscans:1)1) Changed Rome from a village to a cityChanged Rome from a village to a city2)2) Laid out streets and buildings around a central Laid out streets and buildings around a central

squaresquare3)3) Introduced a new style of dress featuring short Introduced a new style of dress featuring short

cloaks and togascloaks and togas4)4) Army served as a model for the mighty army the Army served as a model for the mighty army the

Romans would eventually assemble.Romans would eventually assemble.

II. The Birth of a Republic (pgs. 265-267)II. The Birth of a Republic (pgs. 265-267)

The The TarquinsTarquins (tahr*kwihnz) were leaders of (tahr*kwihnz) were leaders of the Etruscan-ruled Rome and were often the Etruscan-ruled Rome and were often cruel.cruel.

In 509 B.C., after 100 years under the In 509 B.C., after 100 years under the Tarquins, the Romans rebelled and overthrew Tarquins, the Romans rebelled and overthrew them.them.

The Romans established a The Romans established a RepublicRepublic..

In a Republic, the leader is not a king or In a Republic, the leader is not a king or queen, but someone who is voted into office queen, but someone who is voted into office by citizens with the right to vote.by citizens with the right to vote.

Why Was Rome So Strong?Why Was Rome So Strong? Romans were able to conquer Italy because Romans were able to conquer Italy because

they were excellent soldiers.they were excellent soldiers.

Every male citizen who owned land had to Every male citizen who owned land had to serve in the army.serve in the army.

Discipline was harsh, and deserters were Discipline was harsh, and deserters were punished by death.punished by death.

At first, the Romans fought like the Greeks.At first, the Romans fought like the Greeks.

They soon reorganized into smaller groups They soon reorganized into smaller groups called called legionslegions..

Each legion had about 6,000 men and was Each legion had about 6,000 men and was further divided into groups of 60 – 120 further divided into groups of 60 – 120 soldiers.soldiers.

Roman soldiers were called Roman soldiers were called legionarieslegionaries..

They were armed with a short sword called a They were armed with a short sword called a gladius gladius and a spear called a and a spear called a pilumpilum..

Shrewd RulersShrewd Rulers

The Romans were not only good fighters, but The Romans were not only good fighters, but were also smart planners.were also smart planners.

As they expanded throughout Italy, they built As they expanded throughout Italy, they built permanent military settlements in conquered permanent military settlements in conquered areas and built roads between these towns so areas and built roads between these towns so that troops could travel swiftly.that troops could travel swiftly.

To rule their new conquests, the Romans To rule their new conquests, the Romans created the created the Roman ConfederationRoman Confederation..

Under this system, Romans gave full Under this system, Romans gave full citizenship to some peoples, especially other citizenship to some peoples, especially other Latins.Latins.

The Romans granted other peoples the status The Romans granted other peoples the status of of alliesallies..

The Romans knew that conquered peoples The Romans knew that conquered peoples would be more loyal to the government if would be more loyal to the government if they were well treated.they were well treated.

As a result, the Republic grew stronger and As a result, the Republic grew stronger and more unified.more unified.