Chapter 8 Chemicals in Industry Student Copy

7/23/2019 Chapter 8 Chemicals in Industry Student Copy

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CHAPTER 8 CHEMICALS IN INDUSTRY

8.1 Understanding the properties o a!!o"s and their

#ses in ind#str"

8.$ Ana!"sing the prod#%tion and #ses o a&&onia in

ind#str"

8.' Ana!"sing the ee%ts o ind#stria! (aste disposa!

on the en)iron&ent

8.* Rea!ising the need or preser)ation and

%onser)ation o the en)iron&ent ro& ind#stria!

(aste po!!#tion or the (e!!+eing o &an,ind



8.1 Understanding the properties o a!!o"s and their #ses in ind#str"

A!!o"

1. Alloying is a process of ___________________________________________________

________________________________

2. Alloy is the result of mixing of alloying and have _______________________________

3. Mixed pure metals will change the nature of the origin of these metals into a new

material with the desired characteristics.

4. Examples of commonly used alloy are _______________________________________

5. he properties of the alloy are _____________________________________________

A!!o" Co&position Spe%ia! properties Uses

D#ra!#&in

!teel

!tainless

!teel

"rass

"ron#e

$ewter

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A!!o"s and Their Uses

1. he pure metal is _____________________

hus% the metals must &e mixed to form astronger alloy' hard and resistant to corrosion. Alloying change the properties of the

metal due to ___________________________________________________________

2. Most metals that we use in everyday life is an alloy.

3. his is &ecause the alloy is harder% &eautiful% shiny% smooth surface and corrosion'

resistant.

4. Alloy have a more _________________________ than pure metal.

The Nat#re o the Re!ationship +et(een A!!o"s (ith -rdering the Parti%!es

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I&portan%e o A!!o"s in Ind#str"

1. Alloy used in the industry &ecause the alloy has &etter properties than pure metal.

2. (or example% steel is hard% strong and corrosion'resistant and pure iron is soft and

easily eroded. herefore% steel is widely used in _______________________________

___________________________________

3. "ron#e can &e used to ma)e ______________________________________________4. *uralumin is used in the +++++++++++++ _____________________ as duralumin is

_________________________________________

5. "rass is used to ma)e ___________________________________________________

,. $ewter used to ma)e tools such as _________________________________________

S#per%ond#%tor A!!o"s

1. !uperconducting alloy is an alloy that can ____________________________________

2. he diagram shows relationship &etween resistance with temperature for normal

conductors and superconductors.

3. At temperature 1% superconductors have ____________________ the high electrical

conductivity.

4. -ormal conductor indicate resistance even at a temperature of /elvin.

5. he resulting superconducting at herefore% the alloy

superconductors must &e ________________________________________________

,. !uperconducting alloys is also _____________________. ______________________

capa&le of reaching high speeds 05 )m h '1 as a powerful magnet to produce high

power engines.

. !uperconductors with strong magnetic field is used as a

_________________________ machine% M in the medical field.

. !uperconducting alloys can _____________________________

that cannot &edetected &y existing tools.

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Resistant, Ω



6. !uperconducting alloys are also designed to ________________________________ in

the area of defense.

8.$ Ana!"sing the prod#%tion and #ses o a&&onia in ind#str"

Ammonia is a chemical important in the agricultural sector% which is to ma)e ___________

Molecule of ammonia 0-73 is composed of three atoms of hydrogen 07 and one atom of

nitrogen 0-. 8hen hydrogen reacts with nitrogen% ammonia is formed.

A&&oni#& Sa!t /erti!i0er Prod#%tion

1. (ertili#er ammonium salt is a source of nitrogen for plants.

2. $lants need nitrogen to __________________________________________________

3. Most chemical fertili#ers are ______________________________________________

4. Ammonium salt produced &y the neutralisation reaction &etween ammonia with acid as

shown in the chemical e9uation &elow.

Sa!t Urea /erti!i0er Prod#%tion

1. :rea is a fertiliser used in agriculture.

2. :rea has the percent nitrogen content is very high.

3. :rea produced from the reaction of _______________________________________

4. he reaction produces urea occurs at a temperature of 2;< under a pressure of in the

compressor cham&er.

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A&&onia Prod#%tion in Ind#str" Usage

1. Ammonia is produced synthetically from nitrogen and hydrogen &y the ____________

Ammonia and its compounds are widely used as a fertili#er. n addition% ammonia is

also used in the manufacture of ___________________________________________

______________________________________________________

2. Ammonia is produced in the industry through the 7a&er process.

3. n the 7a&er process% nitrogen and hydrogen gas are mixed and passed through a

metal catalyst to form ammonia.

4. he figure &elow shows the production of ammonia &y the 7a&er process.

5. 7a&er process is an ____________________________________________________

0reaction forward and &ac)ward.

,. (actors that influence the production of ammonia is=

a optimum temperature： ________________________________

> :se of too high temperatures to

______________________________________

________________________________________________

> he use of very low temperatures ____________________________________

& pressure： __________________________________________

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c catalyst： ___________________________________________

8.' Ana!"sing the ee%ts o ind#stria! (aste disposa! on theen)iron&ent

1. Environmental 9uality is declining due to _________________________________

__________________________________emoval of industrial wastes from factories

_________________________________________________

2. he ta&le &elow shows the sources of pollution and the effects of pollutants on the

environment.

So#r%es o

po!!#tion

Po!!#tants I&pa%t on the en)iron&ent

<om&ustion of

fossil fuels

> !ulfur dioxide and nitrogen

dioxide

> <ar&on monoxide

> <ar&on dioxide

> !oot

> ______________ to the respiratory

system and cause tissue damage

diseases such as &ronchitis

> _______________ dissolved in rain

water form of acid rain corrode

&uildings% monuments cause the soil is

not fertile and )ill a9uatic life

> ___________________ that reduces

the a&ility of red &lood cells to

transport of oxygen causes headacheand can lead death

> ?as cause home green which in turn

causes glo&al warming and changes

weather

> <ause ______________

> <ause diseases such as cough%

asthma and &ronchitis

adioactive waste > > <ause ______________________

___________________________

he agriculture

industry

> <hemical fertili#ers such

as phosphate and nitrate

> $esticides% insecticides%

her&icides and fungicides

> !olu&le in water and drain to cause

___________________in ponds

> <an cause ___________________

___________________________

> !ome pesticides% insecticides%

her&icides and fungicides are toxic

and _______________________

he chemical

industry

> Acids and al)alis

> Mercury% lead and heavy

metal

> hrown into the sea.

____________

> May cause

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Method o aste Materia! Re&o)a! Contro! Ind#str"

1. he ta&le &elow shows the types of industrial waste and methods of control.

T"pes o ind#stria! (aste Methods o %ontro!

oxic gases such as sulfur

dioxide and nitrogen dioxide

<oal dust

toxic waste

8aste oil palm

radioactive waste

2. $ollution caused &y industrial waste can &e controlled through the following methods=

a @aw Enforcement

Acts are applica&le to the regulation of industrial waste was passed &y the

$arliament of Malaysia.

i of the ______________________________

aims to protect% conserve andenhance environmental 9uality.

ii of the Environmental uality 0!ewage and ndustrial Effluents egulations % 166

see)s to __________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

& :se of technology

here are ways to handle and dispose of industrial waste such as the use of air

cleaners % electrostatic precipitator% the use of _______________________________

________________________________________________% use a chimney that is

installed with the filter reduces the release of pollutants into the air and the use ofsolar energy to reduce the generation of waste.

c ____________________

Education is the &est way to ma)e people aware of the importance of preserving and

conserving the environment.

d ____________________

Most industrial waste can &e reused &y other industries. (or example% organic waste

from palm oil processing can &e used to ____________________

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8.* Rea!ising the need or preser)ation and %onser)ation o the

en)iron&ent ro& ind#stria! (aste po!!#tion or the (e!!+eing o

&an,ind

Ee%ts o Disposa! o Ind#stria! aste Not Reg#!ated

1. *isposal of waste uncontrolled and disorgani#ed have an adverse effect on the

environment.

2. Effect of disposal of industrial waste uncontrolled and irregular% including：

a

&

cd

e

En)iron&enta! Preser)ation and Conser)ation

1. <onservation refers to the steps ta)en to __________________________________

___________________________________________________

2. Examples of conservation is to preserve the forest allow plants and animals to thrive

in their natural environment.

3. <onservation refers to _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

4. Examples of conservation is the ___________________________ allows us to have

______________________ and not polluted &y industrial waste.

5. Measures to protect and conserve the environment is very important so that the

environment will remain clean% unpolluted and suita&le for living things including

humans.

,. he environment is clean and not contaminated ensure=

a people can lead a healthy life .

& plants and animals are protected and do not &ecome extinct.

c the &eauty of the environment is maintained.. the steps can &e ta)en to protect and conserve the environment include=

a to create awareness among people a&out the importance of a clean environment

and wor) together to maintain the &eauty and cleanliness.

& _______________________________________________________________

c have a strategy and program for the preservation and conservation of the

environment.

d ____________________________________________ on the firm to practice.

e enforce environmental regulations on the firm so that irresponsi&le practices such

as illegal logging and removal of waste materials disorgani#ation occurs.

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Chapter 8 Chemicals in Industry Student Copy