xvi

CHAPTER - 7 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS ANDRECOMMENDATIONS 198

7.1 Summary …………………………………................................... 198

7.2 Conclusions ....................................................................... 199

7.3 Recommendations ……………………...................................... 203

REFERENCES ...................................................... 205

APPENDICES 219A - Important constants frequently used ........................... 219

B - Calibration of instruments ........................................... 221

C - Main features of test rig ................................................ 226

D - Results from Rose & Duckworth and Shih’s works ....... 227

E - Particle size analysis and material properties ............... 229

F - Drag coefficient of particles ........................................... 231

G - Diffusion coefficient & Taylor's constant ...................... 234

H - Checking the computational methodology using some

reliable data ( from literature) ...................................... 236

I - Present experimental data and

pressure distribution along flow line ............................ 244

J - Computer flow charts ................................................... 263

LIST OF TABLES

TableNo.

Caption PageNo.

2.1 Sanger’s Experimental Parameters 32

xvii

3.1 Parameter matrix 50

3.2 Error analysis 51

3.3 Important friction factorcorrelations

56

3.4 Error analysis for published data 69

5.1 Sample input data file 143

5.2 Output for the above sample data file 143

5.3 Flow rates of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary flows 144

5.4 Mass flow rates of Primary, Secondary and Tertiaryflows

144

5.5 Mass flow ratio, Head rise ratio and efficiency 145

5.6 Range of Important Variables for Primary Flow 145

5.7 Range of Important Variables for Tertiary Flow 145

6.1 Error analysis for water-water pumping 148

6.2 Error analysis for water-solids pumping 149

6.3 Error analysis for water-water through transportpipe

151

6.4 Error analysis for water-water through transportpipe

152

6.5 Sample output file for water-water pumping 1536.6 Change in velocity from throat entrance to diffuser

exit158

A.1 Density and Viscosity of water at StandardTemperature

221

B.1 Calibration of Rotameter (Range 5-50 LPM) 222

B.2 Calibration of Rotameter (Range10-100 LPM) 223

B.3 Calibration of measuring tank 224

B.4 HQ Characteristics of Centrifugal Pump 225

D.1 Results From Rose & Duckworth data (Pneumatic) 227D.2 Results From Rose & Duckworth data (Hydraulic) 227D.3 Variation of f with Re for experimental data of

Shih[117]228

E.1 Properties of material conveyed 229F.1 Predicted Reynolds number for several CD - Re2

values232

F.2 Coefficient and exponent for equation F.1 233F.3 Error analysis for predicted Re using equation F.1 233

G.1 toG.4

Concentration Variation (Jotaki & Tomita [45]) 234

G.5 Concentration variation across pipe diameter 235

xviii

H.1 Range of variables in Experiments of VariousAuthors

236

H.2 Experimental Data and Computed Parameters forHorizontal Pipe (Shih[117])

236

H.3 Experimental Data and Computed Parameters forθ=8.730(Shih[117])

237

H.4 Experimental Data and Computed Parametersfor θ=17.710 (Shih[117])

237

H.5 Error Analysis – Shih [117] 238

H.6 Results from Rose & Duckworth [104] (Pneumatic) 238H.7 Results from Rose & Duckworth [104] (Hydraulic) 238H.8 Verification using Rose & Duckworth experimental

data (pneumatic conveying)238

H.9 Verification using Rose & Duckworth experimentaldata (hydraulic conveying)

239

I.1 toI.15

Experimental data for water-water pumping 244 -247

I.16 toI.42

Experimental data for water-solids pumping 247 -252

I.43 Pressures at salient points on jet pump andtransport pipe for water-water pumping

253

I.44 Pressures at salient points on jet pump andtransport pipe for water-solids pumping

254

I.45 Flow rates of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary flows 255I.46 Mass flow rates of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary

flows257

I.47 Mass flow ratio, Head rise ratio and efficiency 259

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig.No. Caption Page

No.1.1 Classification of Dynamic Pumps 4

1.2 Classification of Displacement Pumps 5

1.3 Classification of Jet pumps 6

1.4 Various air injection methods 7

1.5 Line sketches of some typical jet pumps 8

1.6 Slurry system for unloading coal from a vessel 9

1.7 Nerang river entrance – general arrangement 11

1.8 Schematic diagram of sand bypassing system 12