Chapter 7 Nationalism and Economic Growth

1814-1840

Aftermath of War of 1812

• U.S didn’t gain any new lands

• However, there was a lot of national pride because the U.S was able to defend itself

• Nationalism- national pride and loyalty

Era of Good Feelings

• Years following the War of 1812– Lack of political partisan strife (end of Federalists)

• Mostly had to deal with James Monroe– Economic life strengthened by technology and

transportation

Convention of 1818

• Set up border boundaries between U.S and Great Britain (49th parallel)– Helped prevent further conflicts with Great Britain

First Seminole War

• Spain owns Florida in the South– We want the land– Spain starts removing troops because there is a

greater need for them in Latin America where many of their colonies were declaring independence

• Madison sees this as an opportunity to attack

• Jackson led an army and attacked the Spanish

Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819

• Spain had to guarantee they could control the Seminoles or else cede East Florida to the U.S– Spain couldn’t promise that since they needed

troops in Latin America

• U.S took Florida from Spain

Activity

Graphic Organizer

Revolutions

• Simon Bolivar- revolutionary in Venezuela

– Similar to George Washington

– Wanted all the countries of South America to come together

and rid itself of foreign rule

Group Activity

Understanding the Monroe Doctrine

U.S. Foreign Affairs (circa 1782-1823) and James Monroe

http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=575

The Monroe Doctrine

• Read Pages 229-230

1.Why was the Monroe Doctrine written?

2.What are the 2 main points of the Monroe Doctrine?

3.What countries were involved in the Monroe Doctrine?

The Monroe Doctrine

• The U.S would not interfere with any existing European colonies in Latin America– However, the U.S would consider any European

attempt to regain former colonies or establish new ones in the Western Hemisphere “as dangerous to our peace and safety”

• Act of isolationism– Didn’t want European countries in the western

hemisphere

Activity

Monroe Doctrine Banners

The Economy

• Due to embargoes during the War of 1812, U.S was forced to produce goods themselves– Manufacturer was as important as the Agriculturist

Henry Clay

Group Questions

Read Page 232- The American System

List the 3 main parts of Henry Clay’s American System and explain how each of the three parts attempted to strengthen the nation

American System

1. National Bank

2. Protective Tariff – Tariff Act of 1816 = 25% tax on imported goods– Northern manufacturers liked this

3. National Transportation System– Connected manufacturers with farmers

• 25% duty was used to improve roads and canals

Transportation Revolution

• Roads, Canals, and Railroads– Before this, it was very difficult to connect places

and markets– Also, easier to move farm products and raw

materials

Activity

Interpreting Maps

(Page 233)

Market Revolution

• Transportation Rev Market Rev

• Places to buy and sell goods– Regions no longer had to be self-sufficient – people could import needed goods and

concentrate on producing what was most profitable

Industrial Revolution

• A shift to machine production– Allowed for mass production

• the manufacture of large quantities of goods quickly

– What began in Britain soon spread to America

Group Activity

• Create a poem, rap, song or visual representation about how Henry Clay’s American System led to the connection between the Transportation Revolution, Market Revolution and Industrial Revolution.

Era of Good Feelings Ends

• Banks kept loaning money freely without checking good credit.

• When it came time to pay back loans, not many could

• Panic of 1819• Bank failures, falling land prices, and foreclosures

Activity

Elections of 1824 and 1828

Election of 1824: Corrupt BargainCandidates Campaign Strategy Outcome

William Crawford (41)

Drops out due to illness

John C. Calhoun (vice)

Popular only in lower south

John Quincy Adams (84)

Appealed to North Winner!

Henry Clay (37)

Support from Mid-west

Andrew Jackson (99)

Represented rural south

Presidents

1. George Washington2. John Adams3. Thomas Jefferson4. James Madison5. James Monroe6. John Quincy Adams (1824)7. Andrew Jackson (1828)

A Question of Land

• By 1820’s many government officials called for the removal of all American Indians

• Some Native Americans tried to conform.– Mainly the Cherokee in the South led by Sequoya

• They built towns, farmed land, wrote a Constitution, had schools, and a militia

Indian Removal Act

• Legislation to move the Native Americans west– Whatever the Native American’s tried to do didn’t

work• When they became farmers, they then became

competitors for valuable land• Southerners wanted land for cotton

Second Seminole War

• Second fight between U.S and Seminoles after Seminoles resisted removal

• 1835-1842– Seminoles were able to kill 1,500 U.S soldiers and

make the U.S spend $40-60 million on the war

Resistance in Court

• Cherokee’s tried to fight for their independence by going to the Supreme Court– Won thanks to Supreme Court decision in

Worcester v. Georgia

• Jackson ignored Supreme Court decision– seized Cherokee lands anyway

Trail of Tears

• 4,000 of the 18,000 Cherokee died on the 800 mile journey west to Oklahoma

• “Removal”– 19th century equivalent to Hitler’s “final solution”

Speckled Snake

• “Brothers! I have listened to many talks from our great father [the white man]. When he first came over the wide waters, he was but a little man…His legs were cramped by sitting long in his big boat, and he begged for a little land to light his fire on…But when the white man had warmed himself before the Indians’ fire and filled himself with their hominy, he became very large…Brothers, I have listened to a great many talks from our great father. But they always begin and ended in this – “Get a little further; you are too near me.”

Movie Clip + Questions

Global Issues:Genocide

Jacksonian Democracy

• States dropped property requirements for voting and holding office– Dramatic expansion of political participation

regardless of class

Jackson’s Spoils System

• Jackson rewarded his supporters by giving some of them government jobs

• This practice became known as the spoils system– “To the victor belong the spoils”

The People’s President

• Planned to reform government bureaucracy– Favored rotation in office- periodic replacement

of officeholders• Didn’t want officeholders to forget who they were

serving

Promised Reforms

• Believed government should serve the people– Hired qualified people and not just his supporters– Kept good workers regardless of their party

• Biggest change- Select people from all walks of life

Abilityall Else

INSPIRED BY A TRUE STORY

HUGH GRANT

ANNEHATHAWAY

MORGAN

FREEMAN

Above

“A Riveting Story about the struggles

of one man’s presidency!”

-NEW YORK MAG-

MR.BIRI

BIRI INC. PRESENTS A COLONIA PICTURES PRODUCTION IN ASSOCIATION WITH HUGH GRANT, ANNE HATHOWAY, MORGAN FREEMAN, AMY ADAMS, AND A LOT MORE

FAMOUS PEOPLEDIRECTION BY: DREW BIRI PRODUCTION BY: COLONIA PICTURES WRITTEN BY: STEVEN

SPIELBERGINSPIRED BY: THE LIFE OF ANDREW JACKSON, AMERICAN PRESIDENTADDED VALUE CONTENT

Approximate Running Time 128 Minutes

“Hugh Grant delivers a riveting performance as Andrew Jackson in this year’s greatest political movie” (LA Times)

Ability Above all Else tells the story of Andrew Jackson’s legacy as President of the United States of America….

INSERT HERE

Tell a brief summary of what the movie would be about with a focus on whether Andrew Jackson was a good or bad president.

“THIS MOVIE IS BETTER THAN A NETS GAME”- JAY Z

Written Script

Once you have finished your DVD cover, choose three reasons why Andrew Jackson was a good or bad president and explain why. For whichever reasons you use to defend him, you will write a short script for each reason.

Nullification Crisis

• In 1828, Congress passed a new tariff doubling rates set in 1816 for certain imports

• South accused Congress of promoting the industrial North at the expense of Southern agriculture

Doctrine of Nullification

• States had the right to nullify, or refuse to obey, any act of Congress they considered unconstitutional– South Carolina threatened to secede if the federal

govt. tried to collect the tax• Things cooled down, but tensions were continued

between North and South

Opposing the Bank

• Political divisions arose over the National Banks as well– Jackson saw it as a monopoly controlled by rich

investors– Believed bank had powers that could be used

against the public good and he was right• Bank failed by 1836

Panic of 1837

• Financial crisis

• Banknotes weren’t backed up with gold or silver

• Britain stopped buying from U.S because they had an economic crisis of their own– Result = full scale depression in U.S

• Martin Van Buren replaced Jackson (8th President)

Rise of Whigs

• Jackson’s opponents created this party– British name for those that opposed the king– William Henry Harrison defeated Van Buren in

the 1840 election• He died due to pneumonia four weeks later (shortest

presidential term in U.S history– John Tyler replaced him

Group Discussion

Jackson’s Legacy…

Good or Bad?

Positive

• Widened democracy by pushing for the expansion of voting rights to all adult white males

• Increased land use

• Changes in the government process

Negative

• Did little to increase equality for women or African Americans

• Openly violated American Indians treaty rights and legal claims

• Challenged the balance for powers set forth by the Constitution by ignoring Supreme Court decision in Worcester v. Georgia

• He thought that as the president, he was the most powerful person in government and often challenged the Congress and Supreme Court

Chapter 7 Quiz