The Congress of Vienna1814-1815

Congress of Vienna 1814-1815

• Concerned about the spread of nationalism and ideas of the Rights of Man spread by the French Revolution, the victor nations met to discuss the future of Europe

• * Monarchs wished to keep hold of the power!

Congress of Vienna 1814-1815

• European heads of state and monarchs meet to:– Contain France– Balance the power– Keep the monarchs in place legitimately

Five “Great Powers” Meet:

• Prussia - Frederick Willhelm III

• Russia - Czar Alexander

• Austria - Klemens von Metternich

• Great Britain - Lord Castleraugh

• France – Tallyrand

Five “Great Powers” Meet:

• They sign a pledge of mutual protection and a pledge to prevent future revolutionary ideas….it is called

The Holy Alliance

And it will hold until World War I

Europe 1815

Klemens von Metternich

• Influential Austrian foreign minister

• Distrusted democracy• Plan to restore

Europe to what it was before the Fr Rev and Napoleon

Metternich

“When France sneezes,Europe catches a cold!”

What does this mean?

Klemens von Metternich

• Wants European rulers to – Suppress any future revolutionary mov’ts

quickly– Ensure power lies with legitimate and

traditional rulers– Control the population through the press

and strict laws

– * In France, the monarchy was restored.King Louis XVIII was installed! So much for those revolutionary ideas!

Metternich’s 3 Goals

• Contain France– surround with stronger countries

• Balance of Power– weaken France, but not too severely– no one country too powerful

• Legitimacy– former monarchs restored

Concert of Europe

Alliance system

Nations would help each other if revolutions broke out

Conservatives or Royalists or Reactionary

• They are a political faction and they want to preserve the status quo

Liberals or Nationalists• They are a political faction and they want to

promote social change and individual freedoms. They want to preserve civil rights of citizens. This includes ethnic groups which is also a nationality. Some people even believed each ethnic group should have its own gov’t

Conservatives vs. Liberals

Which group would fall under which category?

Middle class

Nobles

City workers

Nationalists

Which of the following was NOT a result of the Congress of Vienna?

a. New political map of Europe

b. Increase in the power of Napoleon

c. New political philosophies

d. Restoration of European monarchies

Legitimacy- the principal that states that rulers who have been driven from the throne should be restored to power

France - Louis XVIII - returned to the throne of France

I do love legitimacy!

What were the political philosophies that the Congress of Vienna was determined to crush?

These ideas of nationalism and liberalism spread

The American and French Revolutions had a profound impact on Latin American independence movements

Congress of Vienna tries to prevent the spread of Revolutionary/Nationalistic ideas

There were failed revolutions popping up everywhere

Spain 1823 – The Holy Alliance crushed that revolution

There were failed revolutions popping up everywhere

France (again!) 1848 – brief success as The Second Empire then crushed and monarchy restored under Emperor Napoleon III - sometimes referred to as Louis-Napoleon. (nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte)

There were failed revolutions popping up everywhere

Italy – crushed

Hungary - crushed

The Congress of Vienna and the Holy Alliance was

successful in keeping the status quo or balance of

power in Europeuntil World War I in 1914

Hello there! Now that you know all about the three

goals that Metternich had at the Congress of Vienna, we are going to play a

game!

Believed national groups should have their own states

People who have a common heritage and identify belong together

Intolerant of other ethnic groups

So, which -ismdescribes allof these ideas?

I will tell you a problem in Europe under

Napoleon, and you can tell me how Metternich

helped solve the problem!

I, Napoleon, brought a problem

to Europe.I overthrew all the kings, and placed

my own family members on the

throne!

The original monarchs are put back in office!

I also made another mistake. I was very

power-hungry and my fellow French citizens had strong feelings of

Nationalism. Many surrounding countries saw this as a threat!

Made countries around France that were once weaker…. Stronger!

Another problem of mine was that

France was looked at as a threat to other countries. They were always afraid I would go

and conquer them, and when I did, I

had ALL the power!

No country in Europe could easily overpower another!

One more review item:Which one of the following political

philosophies did NOT play a role in the Congress of Vienna?

a.Liberalismb. Conservatismc. Fascismd. nationalism

Thank you for playing! I hope

you had a FANTASTIC time!