Chapter 7 A View of the Cell p. 170 193 This Powerpoint is hosted onPlease visit for 100s more free powerpoints campus.queens.edu/faculty/jannr/cells/index.htm types of organ tissue cells COMMON CELL TRAITS A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. COMPARING CELLS The size & shape of a cell relates to its function. (job it does) The size & shape of a cell relates to its function. (job it does) Prokaryotic Cells (proh KAYR ee yah tihk) cells without membrane- bound structures cells without membrane- bound structures EX: bacteria EX: bacteria pond scum pond scum Eukaryotic Cells (yew KAYR ee yah tihk) cells with membrane-bound structures EX: animals, plants, fungi and protists protects the cell protects the cell gives shape gives shape is made of cellulose is made of cellulose A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most bacteria. A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most bacteria. CELL WALL CELL MEMBRANE Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells For cells with cell walls,the cell membrane is inside the cell wall For cells with cell walls,the cell membrane is inside the cell wall Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell. Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell. CYTOPLASM gelatin-like inside cell membrane gelatin-like inside cell membrane constantly flows constantly flows aka protoplasm aka protoplasm CYTOSKELETON scaffolding-like structure in cytoplasm scaffolding-like structure in cytoplasm helps the cell maintain or change its shape helps the cell maintain or change its shape made of protein made of protein NUCLEUS Directs all cell activities Contains instructions for everything the cell does These instructions are found on a hereditary material called DNA Usually the largest organelle NUCLEAR MEMBRANE separates nucleus from cytoplasm separates nucleus from cytoplasm controls movement of materials in & out of nucleus controls movement of materials in & out of nucleus NUCLEOLUS Aka little nucleus Aka little nucleus Found in the nucleus Found in the nucleus Ribosomes made here Ribosomes made here CHROMATIN contains genetic code that controls cell contains genetic code that controls cell made of DNA & proteins (deoxyribonucleic acid) made of DNA & proteins (deoxyribonucleic acid) Cell Structure This Powerpoint is hosted onPlease visit for 100s more free powerpoints CHLOROPLASTS Green organelles that make food Green organelles that make food found only in plant cells found only in plant cells CHLOROPHYLL A green pigment that gives leaves & stems their color A green pigment that gives leaves & stems their color Captures sunlight energy that is used to produce food called glucose Captures sunlight energy that is used to produce food called glucose Glucose is a type of sugar Glucose is a type of sugar MITOCHONDRIA Organelles that release energy from food Organelles that release energy from food This energy is released by breaking down food This energy is released by breaking down food into carbon dioxide AKA the powerhouse b/c they release energy AKA the powerhouse b/c they release energy from food Some muscle cells Some muscle cells have 20,000 mitochondria RIBOSOMES Make proteins Float freely or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM A series of folded membranes that move materials (proteins) around in a cell like a conveyor belt Smooth ER ribosomes not attached to ER Rough ER ribosomes attached to ER GOLGI BODIES (GAWL jee) Stacked flattened membranes Stacked flattened membranes Sort and package proteins Sort and package proteins VACUOLES Temporary storage spaces Store food, water, waste LYSOSOMES (LI suh sohmz) The word "lysosome" is Latin for "kill body." The purpose of the lysosome is to digest things. They might be used to digest food or break down the cell when it dies. Break down food molecules, cell wastes & worn out cell parts FROM CELL TO ORGANISM Cell The basic unit of life Tissue Group of cells working together Organ Group of tissues working together Organism Any living thing made of 1 or more cells Organ System Group of organs working together NAME THE ORGANELLE d. Mitochondria b. Chloroplast c. Golgi bodya. Nucleus 1- Nucleus 2- Chromosomes 3- Mitochondria 4- Ribosomes 5- Chloroplasts 6- Vacuoles 7- ER 8- Cell Membrane