CHAPTER

6Introduction to Graphing and Statistics

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6.1 Tables and Pictographs6.2 Bar Graphs and Line Graphs6.3 Ordered Pairs and Equations in Two Variables6.4 Graphing Linear Equations6.5 Means, Medians, and Modes6.6 Predictions and Probability

OBJECTIVES

6.1 Tables and Pictographs

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a Extract and interpret data from tables.b Extract and interpret data from pictographs.

6.1 Tables and Pictographs

a Extract and interpret data from tables.

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A table is often used to present data in rows and columns.

EXAMPLE

6.1 Tables and Pictographs

a Extract and interpret data from tables.

1 Population Density.

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The table lists data regarding 11 countries around the world.

EXAMPLE

6.1 Tables and Pictographs

a Extract and interpret data from tables.

1 Population Density.

Slide 6Copyright 2012, 2008, 2004, 2000 Pearson Education, Inc.

EXAMPLE

6.1 Tables and Pictographs

a Extract and interpret data from tables.

1 Population Density.

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a) Which country has the largest population?b) Which countries have a population of over 1 billion?c) What is the population density of Australia?d) Find the average of the population densities in the countries listed.

EXAMPLE

6.1 Tables and Pictographs

a Extract and interpret data from tables.

1 Population Density.

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a) To determine which country has the largest population, we look down the column headed “Population” and find the largest number. That number is 1,321,851,888. Then we look across that row to find the name of the country, China.

EXAMPLE

6.1 Tables and Pictographs

a Extract and interpret data from tables.

1 Population Density.

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b) To determine which countries have a population of over 1 billion, we look down the column headed “Population” and find any numbers greater than 1 billion. Those numbers are 1,321,851,888 and 1,129,866,154. Then we look across those rows to find the names of the countries, China and India.

EXAMPLE

6.1 Tables and Pictographs

a Extract and interpret data from tables.

1 Population Density.

Slide 10Copyright 2012, 2008, 2004, 2000 Pearson Education, Inc.

c) To determine the population density of Australia, we look down the column headed “Country” and find the name Australia. Then we look across that row to the column headed “Population Density.” Using the units given at the top of the column, the population density of Australia is 7 per square mile.

EXAMPLE

6.1 Tables and Pictographs

a Extract and interpret data from tables.

1 Population Density.

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d) We determine the average of all the numbers in the column headed “Population Density”:

6.1 Tables and Pictographs

b Extract and interpret data from pictographs.

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Pictographs (or picture graphs) are another way to show information. Instead of actually listing the amounts to be considered, a pictograph uses symbols to represent the amounts. In addition, a key is given telling what each symbol represents.

EXAMPLE

6.1 Tables and Pictographs

b Extract and interpret data from pictographs.

3 Touchdown Passes.

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The following pictograph shows the career-high number of touchdown passes in a season for seven quarterbacksin the National Football League. Located below the graph is a key that tells you that each symbol represents 10 touchdown passes.

EXAMPLE

6.1 Tables and Pictographs

b Extract and interpret data from pictographs.

3 Touchdown Passes.

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EXAMPLE

6.1 Tables and Pictographs

b Extract and interpret data from pictographs.

3 Touchdown Passes.

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a) Which quarterback has the greatest number of touchdown passes?b) Which quarterback has the least number of touchdown passes?c) How many more touchdown passes does Peyton Manning have in his career high than John Elway?

EXAMPLE

6.1 Tables and Pictographs

b Extract and interpret data from pictographs.

3 Touchdown Passes.

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a) The quarterback with the most symbols has the greatest number of touchdown passes: Tom Brady, with 5 (symbols) 10, or 50, touchdown passes.b) The quarterback with the fewest symbols has the least number of touchdown passes: Roger Staubach, with about (symbols) 10, or 25, touchdown passes.

EXAMPLE

6.1 Tables and Pictographs

b Extract and interpret data from pictographs.

3 Touchdown Passes.

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c) From the graph, we see that there are about 4 10, or 49, touchdown passes for Peyton Manning, and about 2 10, or 27, for John Elway. Thus, Peyton Manning has 49 – 27, or 22, more touchdown passes in his career high than John Elway.

6.1 Tables and Pictographs

b Extract and interpret data from pictographs.

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Note that we must estimate the fractional part of any incomplete symbol. For this reason, answers based on partial symbols may vary slightly.