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Chapter 6Assessment of AcuteKnee Injuries
Objectives
Discuss the anatomical structures of the knee
Identify and discuss the common acute injuries to the knee
Review the following components of injury assessment related to the acute knee injuries
Mechanism of injury
Signs
Symptoms
Bones
Femur* Tibia* Fibula Patella
*articulating surface covered with a smooth layer of articular cartilage (also referred to as hyaline cartilage)
Bones
Femur* Tibia* Fibula Patella*
*articulating surface covered with a smooth layer of articular cartilage (also referred to as hyaline cartilage)
Joints
Tibiofemoral Proximal tibiofibular patellofemoral
Ligaments
Joint capsule Medial collateral ligament (MCL)Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
Protects against lateral forcesProtects against lateral forces Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
Protects against medial forcesProtects against medial forces
Joint capsule Medial collateral ligament (MCL)Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
Protects against lateral forcesProtects against lateral forces Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
Protects against medial forcesProtects against medial forces
Ligaments
Joint capsule Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Prevents the tibia from moving Prevents the tibia from moving forward or the femur from moving forward or the femur from moving backwardbackward
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) Prevents the tibia from moving Prevents the tibia from moving
backward or the femur from movingbackward or the femur from movingforwardforward
Joint capsule Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Prevents the tibia from moving Prevents the tibia from moving forward or the femur from moving forward or the femur from moving backwardbackward
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) Prevents the tibia from moving Prevents the tibia from moving
backward or the femur from movingbackward or the femur from movingforwardforward
Menisci (Cartilage)
Medial meniscus (C-shaped) Injured more frequently
Less mobile Attaches to MCL ligament
Menisci (Cartilage)
Lateral meniscus (O-shaped)Lateral meniscus (O-shaped) Injured less frequently
more mobile
Menisci (Cartilage)
FunctionFunction Provide stability Provide shock absorbency Lubricate, reduce friction
Muscles
Quadriceps (anterior) Hamstrings (posterior) Adductors (medial) Iliotibial band (lateral)
Muscles
Patellar Tendon
Common Acute Knee Injuries
Contusion Meniscal injury Sprain Strain Chondral lesion Fracture Dislocation
Contusions to the Knee
MOI
Signs
Symptoms
Meniscal Injuries
MOI
Signs
Symptoms
Meniscal Injuries
Meniscal Injuries
Flap tearFlap tear
Meniscal Injuries
Meniscal Injuries
Sprains to the Knee
Medial (tibial) collateral (MCL) Lateral (fibular) collateral (LCL) Anterior cruciate (ACL) Posterior cruciate (PCL)
Posterior ViewPosterior View
Anterior ViewAnterior View
MCL Sprains
MOI
Signs
Symptoms
LCL Sprains
MOI
Signs
Symptoms
ACL Sprains
MOI
Signs
Symptoms
PCL Sprains
MOI
Signs
Symptoms
Patellofemoral Syndrome
MOI
Signs
Symptoms
Patellar Tendinitis
MOI
Signs
Symptoms