Chapter 5 UPS

8/17/2019 Chapter 5 UPS

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UninterruptiblePower Supply (UPS):

An Introduction


2/23

• Introduction

• Power Line Disturbances• Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

• General Discussion

• Summary

Topic Outline


3/23

Introduction

• Purpose• What is an uninterruptible power supply (UPS)

• Why is it necessary to use a UPS

PURPOSE

! To discuss the di""erent types o" UPS

! What does the UPS protect a#ainst

! $omponents o" a UPS

! Issues re#ardin# selection and si%in#&

! Di""erent types and causes o" power line disturbances


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What is an Uninterruptible Power Supply

(UPS)

• UPS is a device that has an alternatesource of energy that can provide

power when the primary power sourceis temporarily disabled.

• The switchover time must be smallenough, not to cause a disruption in theoperation o the loads!


5/23

Why is it necessary to use a UPS

• It protects a#ainst multiple types o" power

disturbances&

• It is the only de'ice that protects a#ainst an outa#e&

• It o""ers protection a#ainst

euipment not operatin# properly*

computer and euipment dama#e*

data loss* and

time and e+pense to reco'er bac, to where

you were* i" e'en possible&


6/23

$auses o" Power Disturbances

• Storm acti'ity - li#htnin#* wind* ice

• Ob.ects comin# in contact with power line andtrippin# brea,er - tree branches* animals etc&

• Utility "ault clearin#

• $onstruction acti'ity

• /ccidents - motor 'ehicle* other

• 0uipment "ailure

• O'erloadin#• Load switchin#

• 1on2linear loads

• Poor #roundin#


7/23

Types o" Power Disturbances• Interruption

• Sa# (under 'olta#e)

• Swell (o'er 'olta#e)

• 3olta#e "luctuation

• 4reuency 'ariation

• Spi,es 5 transients

impulsi'e

oscillatory

• Wa'e"orm distortion

dc o""set

harmonics

Inter2harmonics

notchin#

noise

• 3olta#e imbalance


8/23


9/23

Distortion in Input 3olta#e

• The voltage supplied by the utility may not be sinusoidal.

(a) $hopped Input 3olta#e Wa'e"orm

(b) Distorted Input 3olta#e Wa'e"orm due to


10/23

Power "isturbances #$omments

• 1ot only is modern euipment more susceptible to

power disturbances* but also the euipment itsel"

generates more disturbances&

• /ll loads* "rom lar#e power"ul motors and industrial

euipment to small* sensiti'e electronic components*

are connected to the same power #rid&


11/23

%hat $an &ou "o To 'inimie The *ects o Power

"isturbances+• =uy euipment that has internal protecti'e

de'ices

"or e+ample* battery bac, up "or anyappliance that contains a cloc,

• Use one or more e+ternal protecti'e de'ices

sur#e protectors line "ilters

isolation trans"ormer

'olta#e re#ulatin# line conditioner

UPS


12/23

UPS

• /rchitectures

• Wa'e"orms

• In'erter technolo#y• $omponents

• Switcho'er time

• /d'anta#es 5 disad'anta#es• Si%in#

• =attery sa"ety


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A$-IT$TUS

• .I/ I/TA$TI0

• 1/#.I/


14/23

BATTERY

CHARGER

AC SU!Y

"#$ERTER

%C T& AC

CR"T"CA!

!&A%

'AC(

BATTERY

AUT&)AT"C

S*"TCH

AC +A"!

UPS

/D3/1T/G0S /$ to D$ con'erter 5 battery char#er does not ha'e to

pro'ide "ull load power (potentially cheaper) Less stress on dc2to2ac in'erter since it runs at no load

until UPS switches to battery power (potentially cheaper)


15/23

C$ERTER

AC T& %C

AC SU!Y

"#$ERTER

%C T& AC

CR"T"CA!

!&A%

'AC(

BATTERY

AUT&)AT"C

S*"TCH

"#$ERTER +A"!

1/#.I/ UPS

/D3/1T/G0S >ero switcho'er time "rom main line to battery power /lways isolated "rom power disturbances on the main line

.APT1P $1'PUT P1%


16/23

C$ERTER

AC T& %C

AC SU!Y

C$ERTER

%C T& %C

BATTERY

CR"T"CA!

!&A%

'%C(

.APT1P $1'PUT P1%SUPP.&

$1'P1//TS


17/23

$1'P1//TS• $1/0T # A$ T1 "$

SP" (Surge Protection "evice) # P1T$TS A2AI/STSPI3S A/" TA/SI/TS

• 4ATT&ST1" /2& "0I$ # P1T$TS A2AI/ST

I/TUPTI1/S

• I/0T 5 "$ T1 A$%A061' S&/T-SIS 5 P1T$TS A2AI/ST "$ 166ST

A/" I/T-A'1/I$S

6I.T 5 P1T$TS A2AI/ST -A'1/I$S, /1T$-I/2 A/"

/1IS01.TA2 2U.AT1 5 P1T$TS A2AI/ST SA2S,

SU2S A/" 6.U$TUATI1/S

• '1/IT1 A/" $1/T1. -A"%A 7S16T%A

SWITCH!"# TI$"%

• Typi,al s-it,hove time/ 0 1 2 ms 'one 3uate ,y,le o less(

• +o some e3uipment4 this is not toleable


18/23

UPS

• 0uipment ratin#s "or loads Obtain ratin#s "rom nameplate or speci"ication sheet

0ner#y usa#e may be speci"ied in 'olt2amps (3/) or watts(W) and in 'alues that are either ma+imum or nominal

(3/) and (W) are related 'ia power "actor

• Total UPS load must not e+ceed the UPS 'olt2amp (3/) ratin#

• Total UPS load must not e+ceed the UPS watt (W) ratin#

• O'ersi%e 5 derate to add li"e• 8untime charts


19/23

SA6T&

• 9/I1T01/1$0 I1SP0$T P08IODI$/LL7

80PL/$0 /S 100D0D

• 8IS?S

/$ID0L0$T8I$ S


20/23


21/23

US Supplying Seveal !oads

• *ith highe po-e US supplying seveal loads4 mal5un,tion

-ithin one load should not distub the othe loads.&"S ' UPS (("# C$P)"T"P#T"CTI* +• Some po-e distuban,es may e6,eed the handling ,apabilityo5 the US.

• US 5ailue


22/23

US/ Using the !ine $oltage as

Ba,7up

• #eeds stati, tans5e s-it,hes


23/23

SU''A&UPS SP$I6I$ATI1/ $1/SI"ATI1/S

• P1% 9UA.IT&: Architecture # line interactive or on#line

%aveorm # suare, modi;ed sine, truesine

Immunity to disturbances other thanoutage

• U/ TI' %IT- A/ 1UTA2

• .IA4I.IT&

• AU"I4. /1IS

• '1/IT1 A/" $1/T1. -A"%A 7S16T%A

.1$A. 7 '1T $1/T1.

• I/ITIA. $1ST

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Chapter 5 UPS