Chapter 5 practice TestDon’t forget to study your quiz, too! Also, expect to be asked questions regarding a cross section of the skin, a diagram of hair, and a fingernail. Test is Tuesday, 11/11. Then we move on to dem bones dem bones!

1. The hypodermis:a. is also called subcutaneous tissueb. is loose connective tissue that attaches the skin to underlying bone and

musclec. is important for padding and insulationd. contains about half of the body’s stored fate. all of the above

2. The hypodermis a. can be used to estimate total body fatb. is an important part of the integumentary systemc. is a layer of dense connective tissued. is a layer between the dermis and epidermise. all of the above

3. Cleavage or tension linesa. are produced when there are more collagen fibers running in one direction

than anotherb. are lines along which the skin is most resistant to stretchc. should be considered when making an incision in the skind. both a and be. all of the above

4. Fingerprints and footprints are produced by projections into the epidermis calleda. striaeb. cleavage linesc. reticular linesd. subcutaneous tissuee. papillae

5. Keritinizationa. is a process that epidermal cells undergo as they move to the surfaceb. produces cells filled with keratinc. gives the stratum corneum its structural strengthd. produces an outer layer of epidermal cells that resist abrasione. all of the above

6. The stratum corneum of the epidermisa. consists of continuously dividing cellsb. can become thickened to form a callus or cornc. has cells that are continuously moving toward the stratum basale

d. both a and be. all of the above

7. The stratum corneum layer of the epidermisa. consists of many layers of dead squamous cells joined by desmosomesb. consists of cornified cells surrounded by lipidsc. produces dandruff when cells are sloughed off by the scalpd. is the most superficial of the epidermal layerse. all of the above

8. Melanina. is a pigment produced by cells in the stratum corneumb. is produced by melanocytesc. is responsible for cyanosisd. is responsible for birthmarkse. all of the above

9. Melanina. is absent in individuals with the recessive genetic trait of albinismb. is transferred to other cells by melanocytesc. production is increased with exposure to ultraviolet lightd. is present in large quantities in moles, freckles, the genitalia, and nipplese. all of the above

10. Redness of the skin can occura. from the inflammatory responseb. from anger or blushingc. from exposure to heatd. from exposure to colde. all of the above

11. Which of the following statements about hair is NOT correct?a. the hair follicle is an extension of the epidermis into the dermisb. the hair root and shaft are made up of continuously dividing cellsc. the hair bulb rests on a dermal papillad. hair grows in cyclese. the hair follicle can be an important source of epithelial cells for repairing

areas of the surface epidermis

12. Scalp hairs are longer than eyelash hairs becausea. people don’t rub their head as often as they rub their eyesb. tears have a growth inhibitor in themc. scalp hairs are exposed to higher temperatures than eyelashesd. scalp hairs have a much longer growth cycle than eyelashes

e. the hair follicles are deeper for scalp hairs

13. Hair is formed by cells within the a. hair shaftb. hair rootc. arrector pilid. cuticlee. hair bulb

14. “Gooseflesh” or the “hair standing on end” occurs because of contraction ofa. the arrector pilib. the folliclec. the hair bulbd. the hair roote. the sebaceous glands

15. Which of the following statements about glands of the skin is (are) true?a. sebaceous glands produce an oily white substance rich in lipidsb. sebum is important in cooling the bodyc. apocrine sweat glands are more numerous than merocrine sweat glandsd. merocrine sweat glands produce a thick secretion rich in organic

substancese. all of the above

16. The nail grows from the a. nail bodyb. nail matrixc. eponychiumd. lunulae. stratum corneum

17. The lunula is part of the a. nail bodyb. eponychiumc. nail matrixd. stratum corneume. nail root

18. Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system that provides protection for the body?

a. absorption of ultraviolet light by melaninb. resistance to abrasion by sloughing cells from the epidermisc. physical barrier to foreign particles and microorganismsd. allows water loss to get rid of waste products

e. hair acts as a heat insulator, and prevents entry of foreign particles into the eyes and nose

19. Which of the following processes might be involved in temperature regulation by the integumentary system?

a. evaporation of sweat from the surface of the skin to reduce body temperature

b. dilation of dermal blood vessels to decrease loss by radiation and convection

c. constriction of dermal blood vessels to help remove excess heatd. constriction of dermal blood vessels to prevent tissue damage when skin

temperature drops too lowe. all of the above

20. When exposed to the cold, the ears and nose may appear red. This is becausea. blood vessels in the nose and ears have constricted to conserve heatb. cyanosis occurs when blood flow slows downc. the nose and ears have a thicker, more keratinized stratum corneum than

the rest of the faced. cold causes an inflammatory reaction in the nose and earse. blood vessels dilate to prevent tissue damage from the cold

21. Which of the following functions of the integumentary system is NOT correctly matched with an example?

a. sensation – pain, heat, cold and pressure receptors in the skinb. temperature regulation – radiation and convection of heat from blood

flowing in the dermisc. excretion – hydrogen ions are moved from the skin into the urined. vitamin D production – active vitamin D is produced from a precursor

moleculee. all of the above are correct

22. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of aging of the integumentary system?

a. loss of elastic fibersb. increase in activity of sweat and sebaceous glandsc. decreased number of melanocytesd. loss of pigment in haire. skin becomes thinner and more transparent

23. Third-degree burnsa. are also called partial thickness burnsb. cause immediate painc. involve only the epidermisd. result in excessive fluid losse. all of the above

24. Malignant melanomaa. is the most dangerous skin cancerb. usually arises from melanocytes in a pre-existing molec. rarely metastasizesd. is the most common type of skin cancere. both a and b

25. Which of the following statements is (are) true concerning skin cancer?a. basal cell carcinoma produces an open ulcerb. squamous cell carcinoma often produces a nodular, keratinized tumorc. squamous cell carcinoma arises from the stratum basaled. malignant melanoma poses little danger of metastasise. both a and b

26. One type of new contraceptive device is a skin patch that contains a chemical absorbed through the skin. Which of the following substances would most likely be the type of chemical involved?

a. a proteinb. substances that are water solublec. substances that are lipid solubled. a carbohydratee. both a and b

matching – match the structure with the correct description

27. soft center of a hair28. outer layer of overlapping cells that holds the hair in the hair follicle29. the hard layer that surrounds the soft center of a hair30. smooth muscle cells attached to hair follicle31. part of the hair protruding above the surface of the skin

a. arrector pilib. cuticlec. cortexd. medullae. shaft

matching – match the gland with the correct description

32. opens on surface of skin; watery secretion33. opens into hair follicle; thick organic secretion34. opens into hair follicle; produces sebum

a. apocrine sweat glandb. merocrine sweat glandc. sebaceous gland

matching – match the gland with the correct function

35. lubricates skin and hair; protects against some bacteria36. cools the body37. produces body odor

a. apocrine sweat glandb. merocrine sweat glandc. sebaceous gland

match the conditions with the cause

38. liver malfunction39. bacterial toxin40. decreased oxygen content of blood41. increased melanocytes42. decreased blood flow to skin

a. cyanosisb. jaundicec. scarlet feverd. shock (pale)e. age spots

1. By reducing body temperature during hot weather, skin helps to maintain A. body temperature homeostasis.B. body structure.C. blood volume.D. brain activity.E. blood pH.

 

2. The activity of apocrine sweat glands A. produces cerumen.B. leads to body odor.C. gives the skin a healthy glow.D. produces sweat on the palm of the hand.E. produces an oily secretion.

 

 

 

3. The diagram illustrates glands of the skin. What does "A" represent? A. apocrine sweat glandB. sebaceous glandC. merocrine sweat glandD. duct of apocrine sweat glandE. opening or pore of merocrine sweat gland

 

 

 

4. The figure illustrates keratinization in the epidermis. What layer of the epidermis is "B"? A. stratum spinosumB. stratum corneumC. stratum basaleD. stratum lucidumE. stratum granulosum

 

5. The epidermal layer that is present in the nail bed and the nail matrix is the A. stratum corneum.B. stratum lucidum.C. stratum germinativum.D. stratum spinosum.E. stratum lunula.

 

6. Which of the following statements concerning the hypodermis is false? A. Hypodermis is referred to as subcutaneous tissue.B. Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers.C. The main cell types of the hypodermis are fibroblasts, fat cells, and macrophages.D. The hypodermis attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle.E. The hypodermis is a site of fat storage.

 

7. Light-skinned races such as Caucasians have A. more melanocytes than races with darker skins.B. fewer melanocytes than races with darker skins.C. approximately the same number of melanocytes as races with darker skins.D. more melanin in their skin.E. a different kind of melanin in their skin.

 

8. A victim of an automobile accident goes into shock, which results in decreased blood flow. The victim's skin will A. become pale.B. have a reddish hue.C. develop a yellow tint.D. become bright red.E. not change color.

 

9. The term "stratum germinativum" is sometimes used to refer to the A. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.B. stratum corneum and stratum lucidum.C. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.D. stratum granulosum and stratum lucidum.E. stratum basale and stratum corneum.

 

10. The nail proper is composed of the A. stratum corneum.B. stratum lucidum.C. stratum germinativum.D. stratum spinosum.E. All of these choices are correct.

 

11. Skin color is the result of A. the quantity of melanin in the skin.B. the number of keratinocytes in the skin.C. the amount of fat in the hypodermis.D. the thickness of the stratum basale.E. the number of melanocytes in the skin.

 

 

 

12. What does structure "E" represent on the diagram? A. hair follicleB. arrector piliC. dermisD. hypodermisE. sebaceous gland

 

13. The diagram illustrates glands of the skin. What does "D" represent? A. apocrine sweat glandB. sebaceous glandC. merocrine sweat glandD. duct of apocrine sweat glandE. opening or pore of merocrine sweat gland

 

14. Intact skin provides protection because A. it forms a physical barrier against the entry of microbes.B. its secretions keep the skin slightly alkaline.C. the skin contains components of the excretory system.D. the skin enhances water loss from the body.E. macrophages roam in the epidermis.

 

15. Adipose tissue in the hypodermis A. serves as a storage site for fat, which can be used for energy.B. helps to lower body temperature.C. provides protection against infection.D. is absent in infants.E. connects the dermis with the epidermis.

 

16. If you accidentally cut your arm and see connective tissue and fat, which layers were cut? A. stratum corneumB. stratum basaleC. dermisD. hypodermisE. all of these layers

 

17. The stratum basale A. is easily shed when you rub your hands together.B. has a mixture of living and dead cells - mostly dead.C. contains many blood vessels that nourish the epidermis.D. contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells.E. contains cells that undergo meiosis to form new epidermal cells.

 

18. Sweat glands A. aid in cooling the body.B. serve as "anchors" for the arrector pili muscles.C. produce a secretion that oils the hair and skin.D. produce a secretion that protects the body from growth of bacteria.E. are not involved in the homeostasis of body temperature.

 

19. Which of the following statements is true? A. Both the hair root and hair shaft contain living cells.B. Undamaged hair follicles can help regenerate damaged epithelium.C. The hair follicle has a hypodermal root sheath.D. The matrix forms the hair surface.E. The hair follicle is not associated with sebaceous glands.

 

20. Which of the following skin changes is usually associated with aging? A. Skin becomes thicker.B. There is an increase in the number of elastic fibers in the skin.C. Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin.D. Localized increase in sebaceous glands leads to dry skin.E. The amount of collagen in the dermis increases.

 

21. An increase in body temperature causes A. sweating.B. arterioles in the dermis to constrict.C. arrector pili muscles to contract.D. an increase in keratinization of the skin.E. an increase in melanin production.

 

22. Which of the following statements is false? A. Most sebaceous glands are connected by a duct to the upper portion of the hair follicle.B. Secretions from sebaceous glands provide protection against bacteria.C. Secretions from sebaceous glands oil the hair and skin.D. Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.E. Sebaceous secretions are lipid soluble.

 

23. Delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus in early development are called A. terminal hairs.B. primary hairs.C. lanugo hairs.D. vellus hairs.E. secondary hairs.

 

24. What does structure "C" represent on the diagram? A. hair follicleB. arrector piliC. dermisD. hypodermisE. sebaceous gland

 

25. The length of hair is determined by A. the size of the hair bulb.B. the angle of the hair root.C. the rate of hair growth.D. the length of the resting stage.E. the age of the person.

 

26. Which of the following statements regarding melanin is true? A. During pregnancy melanin production is increased.B. Both melanocytes and keratinocytes produce melanin.C. In Addison's disease, less melanin is produced.D. Men produce more melanin than women.E. Melanin is a white pigment.

 

27. Barney sat on a hot camp stove while on a camping trip. The burn was painful and blistered. His was what type of burn? A. first degreeB. second degreeC. third degreeD. fourth degreeE. fifth degree

 

28. All of the following statements concerning hair are true except one. Identify the exception. A. The growth rate of all types of hair is the same.B. Hair growth occurs in cycles with growth and resting stages.C. In pattern baldness, those hair follicles present begin to produce vellus hair.D. Some loss of hair is normal and indicates old hairs are being pushed out by new hairs.E. Genetic factors and testosterone cause pattern baldness.

 

29. What does structure "D" represent on the diagram? A. hair follicleB. arrector piliC. dermisD. hypodermisE. sebaceous gland

 

30. The sloughing off of older cells from the surface of the skin is called A. pollination.B. keratinization.C. melaninization.D. germination.E. desquamination.

 

31. Vitamin C is essential for normal collagen synthesis. If a child suffered from a vitamin C deficiency, which layer of the skin would be most affected? A. reticular layer of dermisB. stratum corneumC. stratum granulosumD. epidermisE. stratum basale

 

32. Which of the following represents the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial? A. stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneumB. stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneumC. stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, stratum basale, and stratum spinosumD. stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, and stratum granulosumE. stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

 

33. Melanin production can be influenced by A. genetics.B. hormones.C. exposure to sunlight.D. pregnancy.E. All of these choices are correct.

 

34. The diagram illustrates glands of the skin. What does "E" represent? A. apocrine sweat glandB. sebaceous glandC. merocrine sweat glandD. duct of apocrine sweat glandE. opening or pore of merocrine sweat gland

 

35. Baldness A. occurs only in men.B. is related to estrogen levels.C. is related to levels of growth hormone.D. is not genetic.E. is more common in men than in women.

 

36. Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true? A. The dermis is superficial to the epidermis.B. The epidermis contains numerous blood vessels.C. The most numerous cells in the epidermis are the melanocytes.D. The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis.E. The epidermis is very permeable to water-soluble molecules.

 

37. Keloid scars are raised, thick, and irregular in appearance. A possible cause of keloid scarring is an incision made across the A. epidermis.B. stratum spinosum.C. cleavage lines of the dermis.D. hypodermis.E. stratum corneum.

 

38. An abrasion of the skin results in which of the following? A. fluid retention by the kidneyB. increased melanin productionC. portal of entry for microorganismsD. loss of cell regeneration abilityE. irreversible damage to the epidermis

 

39. What does structure "B" represent on the diagram? A. hair follicleB. arrector piliC. dermisD. hypodermisE. sebaceous gland

 

40. Keratinocytes A. produce skin pigments in cell organelles called melanosomes.B. are found in both the dermal and the epidermal layers of the skin.C. are special cells of the immune system.D. are responsible for the permeability characteristics of the epidermis.E. determine thickness of the skin.

 

41. Parallel curving ridges of dermis that shape the overlying epidermis into fingerprints A. are associated with thin skin.B. improve the grip of the hands.C. decrease friction on surfaces where they are located.D. are caused by the pattern of the reticular layer of the dermis.E. tend to make the surface smooth.

 

42. Skin glands do not include A. sebaceous glands.B. salivary glands.C. ceruminous glands.D. mammary glands.E. sweat glands.

 

43. Fingerprints and footprints are produced by projections into the epidermis called A. striae.B. cleavage lines.C. reticular lines.D. melanocytes.E. papillae.

 

44. Which of the following hair colors is the result of a decrease in melanin? A. blackB. brownC. redD. whiteE. auburn

 

45. Thick skin A. has three different epidermal strata.B. has fewer layers of cells in the stratum corneum than thin skin.C. is found covering most of the body.D. is found in areas subject to pressure or friction such as palms.E. is determined by the thickness of the dermis.

 

46. The diagram illustrates glands of the skin. What does "C" represent? A. apocrine sweat glandB. sebaceous glandC. merocrine sweat glandD. duct of apocrine sweat glandE. opening or pore of merocrine sweat gland

 

47. Keratinization A. occurs in the dermis.B. results in the formation of new epidermal cells.C. produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion.D. determines skin color.E. does not affect permeability characteristics of the epidermis.

 

48. The figure illustrates keratinization in the epidermis. What layer of the epidermis is "E"? A. stratum spinosumB. stratum corneumC. stratum basaleD. stratum lucidumE. stratum granulosum

 

49. Which of the following will help cool the body? A. absorption of ultraviolet light rays by the skinB. evaporation of sweat from the skin's surfaceC. contraction of the arrector pili musclesD. decreased blood flow to the skinE. absorption of excess sweat

 

50. The figure illustrates keratinization in the epidermis. What layer of the epidermis is "D"? A. stratum spinosumB. stratum corneumC. stratum basaleD. stratum lucidumE. stratum granulosum

 

1. By reducing body temperature during hot weather, skin helps to maintain A. body temperature homeostasis.B. body structure.C. blood volume.D. brain activity.E. blood pH.

 

2. The activity of apocrine sweat glands A. produces cerumen.B. leads to body odor.C. gives the skin a healthy glow.D. produces sweat on the palm of the hand.E. produces an oily secretion.

 

 

 

3. The diagram illustrates glands of the skin. What does "A" represent? A. apocrine sweat glandB. sebaceous glandC. merocrine sweat glandD. duct of apocrine sweat glandE. opening or pore of merocrine sweat gland

 

 

 

4. The figure illustrates keratinization in the epidermis. What layer of the epidermis is "B"? A. stratum spinosumB. stratum corneumC. stratum basaleD. stratum lucidumE. stratum granulosum

 

5. The epidermal layer that is present in the nail bed and the nail matrix is the A. stratum corneum.B. stratum lucidum.C. stratum germinativum.D. stratum spinosum.E. stratum lunula.

 

6. Which of the following statements concerning the hypodermis is false? A. Hypodermis is referred to as subcutaneous tissue.B. Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers.C. The main cell types of the hypodermis are fibroblasts, fat cells, and macrophages.D. The hypodermis attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle.E. The hypodermis is a site of fat storage.

 

7. Light-skinned races such as Caucasians have A. more melanocytes than races with darker skins.B. fewer melanocytes than races with darker skins.C. approximately the same number of melanocytes as races with darker skins.D. more melanin in their skin.E. a different kind of melanin in their skin.

 

8. A victim of an automobile accident goes into shock, which results in decreased blood flow. The victim's skin will A. become pale.B. have a reddish hue.C. develop a yellow tint.D. become bright red.E. not change color.

 

9. The term "stratum germinativum" is sometimes used to refer to the A. stratum basale and stratum spinosum.B. stratum corneum and stratum lucidum.C. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.D. stratum granulosum and stratum lucidum.E. stratum basale and stratum corneum.

 

10. The nail proper is composed of the A. stratum corneum.B. stratum lucidum.C. stratum germinativum.D. stratum spinosum.E. All of these choices are correct.

 

11. Skin color is the result of A. the quantity of melanin in the skin.B. the number of keratinocytes in the skin.C. the amount of fat in the hypodermis.D. the thickness of the stratum basale.E. the number of melanocytes in the skin.

 

 

 

12. What does structure "E" represent on the diagram? A. hair follicleB. arrector piliC. dermisD. hypodermisE. sebaceous gland

 

13. The diagram illustrates glands of the skin. What does "D" represent? A. apocrine sweat glandB. sebaceous glandC. merocrine sweat glandD. duct of apocrine sweat glandE. opening or pore of merocrine sweat gland

 

14. Intact skin provides protection because A. it forms a physical barrier against the entry of microbes.B. its secretions keep the skin slightly alkaline.C. the skin contains components of the excretory system.D. the skin enhances water loss from the body.E. macrophages roam in the epidermis.

 

15. Adipose tissue in the hypodermis A. serves as a storage site for fat, which can be used for energy.B. helps to lower body temperature.C. provides protection against infection.D. is absent in infants.E. connects the dermis with the epidermis.

 

16. If you accidentally cut your arm and see connective tissue and fat, which layers were cut? A. stratum corneumB. stratum basaleC. dermisD. hypodermisE. all of these layers

 

17. The stratum basale A. is easily shed when you rub your hands together.B. has a mixture of living and dead cells - mostly dead.C. contains many blood vessels that nourish the epidermis.D. contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells.E. contains cells that undergo meiosis to form new epidermal cells.

 

18. Sweat glands A. aid in cooling the body.B. serve as "anchors" for the arrector pili muscles.C. produce a secretion that oils the hair and skin.D. produce a secretion that protects the body from growth of bacteria.E. are not involved in the homeostasis of body temperature.

 

19. Which of the following statements is true? A. Both the hair root and hair shaft contain living cells.B. Undamaged hair follicles can help regenerate damaged epithelium.C. The hair follicle has a hypodermal root sheath.D. The matrix forms the hair surface.E. The hair follicle is not associated with sebaceous glands.

 

20. Which of the following skin changes is usually associated with aging? A. Skin becomes thicker.B. There is an increase in the number of elastic fibers in the skin.C. Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin.D. Localized increase in sebaceous glands leads to dry skin.E. The amount of collagen in the dermis increases.

 

21. An increase in body temperature causes A. sweating.B. arterioles in the dermis to constrict.C. arrector pili muscles to contract.D. an increase in keratinization of the skin.E. an increase in melanin production.

 

22. Which of the following statements is false? A. Most sebaceous glands are connected by a duct to the upper portion of the hair follicle.B. Secretions from sebaceous glands provide protection against bacteria.C. Secretions from sebaceous glands oil the hair and skin.D. Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.E. Sebaceous secretions are lipid soluble.

 

23. Delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus in early development are called A. terminal hairs.B. primary hairs.C. lanugo hairs.D. vellus hairs.E. secondary hairs.

 

24. What does structure "C" represent on the diagram? A. hair follicleB. arrector piliC. dermisD. hypodermisE. sebaceous gland

 

25. The length of hair is determined by A. the size of the hair bulb.B. the angle of the hair root.C. the rate of hair growth.D. the length of the resting stage.E. the age of the person.

 

26. Which of the following statements regarding melanin is true? A. During pregnancy melanin production is increased.B. Both melanocytes and keratinocytes produce melanin.C. In Addison's disease, less melanin is produced.D. Men produce more melanin than women.E. Melanin is a white pigment.

 

27. Barney sat on a hot camp stove while on a camping trip. The burn was painful and blistered. His was what type of burn? A. first degreeB. second degreeC. third degreeD. fourth degreeE. fifth degree

 

28. All of the following statements concerning hair are true except one. Identify the exception. A. The growth rate of all types of hair is the same.B. Hair growth occurs in cycles with growth and resting stages.C. In pattern baldness, those hair follicles present begin to produce vellus hair.D. Some loss of hair is normal and indicates old hairs are being pushed out by new hairs.E. Genetic factors and testosterone cause pattern baldness.

 

29. What does structure "D" represent on the diagram? A. hair follicleB. arrector piliC. dermisD. hypodermisE. sebaceous gland

 

30. The sloughing off of older cells from the surface of the skin is called A. pollination.B. keratinization.C. melaninization.D. germination.E. desquamination.

 

31. Vitamin C is essential for normal collagen synthesis. If a child suffered from a vitamin C deficiency, which layer of the skin would be most affected? A. reticular layer of dermisB. stratum corneumC. stratum granulosumD. epidermisE. stratum basale

 

32. Which of the following represents the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial? A. stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneumB. stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneumC. stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, stratum basale, and stratum spinosumD. stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, and stratum granulosumE. stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

 

33. Melanin production can be influenced by A. genetics.B. hormones.C. exposure to sunlight.D. pregnancy.E. All of these choices are correct.

 

34. The diagram illustrates glands of the skin. What does "E" represent? A. apocrine sweat glandB. sebaceous glandC. merocrine sweat glandD. duct of apocrine sweat glandE. opening or pore of merocrine sweat gland

 

35. Baldness A. occurs only in men.B. is related to estrogen levels.C. is related to levels of growth hormone.D. is not genetic.E. is more common in men than in women.

 

36. Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true? A. The dermis is superficial to the epidermis.B. The epidermis contains numerous blood vessels.C. The most numerous cells in the epidermis are the melanocytes.D. The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis.E. The epidermis is very permeable to water-soluble molecules.

 

37. Keloid scars are raised, thick, and irregular in appearance. A possible cause of keloid scarring is an incision made across the A. epidermis.B. stratum spinosum.C. cleavage lines of the dermis.D. hypodermis.E. stratum corneum.

 

38. An abrasion of the skin results in which of the following? A. fluid retention by the kidneyB. increased melanin productionC. portal of entry for microorganismsD. loss of cell regeneration abilityE. irreversible damage to the epidermis

 

39. What does structure "B" represent on the diagram? A. hair follicleB. arrector piliC. dermisD. hypodermisE. sebaceous gland

 

40. Keratinocytes A. produce skin pigments in cell organelles called melanosomes.B. are found in both the dermal and the epidermal layers of the skin.C. are special cells of the immune system.D. are responsible for the permeability characteristics of the epidermis.E. determine thickness of the skin.

 

41. Parallel curving ridges of dermis that shape the overlying epidermis into fingerprints A. are associated with thin skin.B. improve the grip of the hands.C. decrease friction on surfaces where they are located.D. are caused by the pattern of the reticular layer of the dermis.E. tend to make the surface smooth.

 

42. Skin glands do not include A. sebaceous glands.B. salivary glands.C. ceruminous glands.D. mammary glands.E. sweat glands.

 

43. Fingerprints and footprints are produced by projections into the epidermis called A. striae.B. cleavage lines.C. reticular lines.D. melanocytes.E. papillae.

 

44. Which of the following hair colors is the result of a decrease in melanin? A. blackB. brownC. redD. whiteE. auburn

 

45. Thick skin A. has three different epidermal strata.B. has fewer layers of cells in the stratum corneum than thin skin.C. is found covering most of the body.D. is found in areas subject to pressure or friction such as palms.E. is determined by the thickness of the dermis.

 

46. The diagram illustrates glands of the skin. What does "C" represent? A. apocrine sweat glandB. sebaceous glandC. merocrine sweat glandD. duct of apocrine sweat glandE. opening or pore of merocrine sweat gland

 

47. Keratinization A. occurs in the dermis.B. results in the formation of new epidermal cells.C. produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion.D. determines skin color.E. does not affect permeability characteristics of the epidermis.

 

48. The figure illustrates keratinization in the epidermis. What layer of the epidermis is "E"? A. stratum spinosumB. stratum corneumC. stratum basaleD. stratum lucidumE. stratum granulosum

 

49. Which of the following will help cool the body? A. absorption of ultraviolet light rays by the skinB. evaporation of sweat from the skin's surfaceC. contraction of the arrector pili musclesD. decreased blood flow to the skinE. absorption of excess sweat

 

50. The figure illustrates keratinization in the epidermis. What layer of the epidermis is "D"? A. stratum spinosumB. stratum corneumC. stratum basaleD. stratum lucidumE. stratum granulosum