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Q.1
• A. ambiguous sentences• I like sweet apples and oranges
• B. different structure and the same meaning• Susie seems to be studying algebra• It seems that Susie is studying algebra
• C. structurally related • I am going to the movies• I am not going to the movies
Q5. Phrase structure rule expansions.
• a. Expansions of VP →V(NP)(PP)(Adv)
1. VP→V
Example: John left.
2. VP→V NP
Example: John left the house.
3. VP→V NP PP
Example: John put the book on the table.
• 4. VP →V NP PP Adv
Example: John drew a picture on the board beautifully.
5. VP→V PP
Example: John ran into the house.
6. VP→V PP Adv
Example: John ran into the house quickly.
7. VP→V Adv
Example: John left quietly.
8. VP→V NP Adv
Example: John left the house quietly.
• b. Expansions of NP →(Det)(AP)N(PP)
1. NP→N
Example: John left.
2. NP→Det N
Example: The boy left.
3. NP→Det AP N
Example: The little boy left
4. NP→Det AP N PP
Example: The green apples in the refrigerator are sweet.
5. NP→AP N Example: I prefer green apples to red on
es.6. NP→AP N PP Example: Big houses on this street are b
eautiful.7. NP→Det N PP Example: The flowers in that vase are mi
ne.8. NP→N PP Example: John likes milk from their farm t
he most.
Q6. Embedded sentences
• A. Yesterday I notice my accountant repairing the toilet.
• B. Becky said that Jake would play the piano
• C. I deplore that fact that bats gave wings• D. That Guinevere loves Lorian is known t
o all my friends• E. Who promised the teacher that Maxine
wouldn’t be absent?
• F. It’s ridiculous that he washes his won Rolls-Royce
• G. That woman likes for the waiter to bring water when she sits down.
• H. The person who answers this questions will win $100
• i. The idea of Romeo marring a 13-year-old is upsetting
• J. I gave my hat to the nurse who helped me cut my hair• K. For your children to spend all your royalty payments o
n recreational drugs is a shame• L. Give this fork to the person I’m getting the pie for.
• M. Khaw chya waa khruu maa (Thai)• He believe complementizer teacher come• He believes the teacher is coming• N. Je me demande quand il partira (French)• I me ask when he will leave• I wonder when he’ll leave
• O.
• Jan zei dat Piet dit boek niet heeft gelezen (Dutch)
• Jan said that Piet this book not has read
• Jan said that Piet has not read this book
f. A fast car with twin cams sped by the children on the grassy lane.
This sentence is structurally ambiguous.
Q13: Subcategorizationa. The man located. The verb locate is transitive: i
t requires an NP object. locate, V, ______NP
b. Jesus wept the apostles. The verb weep is intransitive: it does not allow an object.
weep, V, _____c. Robert is hopeful of his children. The adjective h
opeful allows a sentential complement (e.g. that his children will succeed )or no complement, but it cannot take a PP complement with of .
hopeful, Adj, _____(that S)
d. Robert is fond that his children love animals. The adjective fond allows a PP complement with of, but cannot take a sentential complement.
fond, Adj, ____ PP[of]
e. The children laughed the man. Like weep, the verb laugh is intransitive and may not take a direct object; however, unlike weep, laugh allows a PP with at.
laugh, V, ____(PP)[at]