CHAPTER-3.0: ABOUT GANGAIKONDAN DEER … · Common emigrant Catopsilia pomona - 22. Common grass yellow Eurema hecabe 23. Common tiger Danaus genutia 24. Common grass dart Taractrocera

The India Cements Ltd

Document Title: Wild Life Conservation Plan for Spotted Deer Sanctuary Limestone Mine GO No 813 DOC. No. : IND.BH.41.14.0070/HSR Rev. 000

M/s Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad [A Bureau Veritas Group Company] Page 19

CHAPTER-3.0: ABOUT GANGAIKONDAN DEER SANCTUARY Forests – Wildlife – Formation of Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary- Notification under Section 26 A (1) (b) of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 On 02.05.2013, the Hon’ble Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu has made announcement under Rule 110 on the floor of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assemble. Based on the announcement, the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests and Chief Wildlife Warden send proposal for declaration of Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary under section 26-A (1) (b) of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. The Government accepted the proposal of the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests and Chief Wildlife Warden for the declaration of “Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary” under Section 26 –A (1) (b) of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. The Gangaikondan Reserve Forest was declared under Section 16 of the Tamil Nadu Forest Act (V of 1982) and that the area comprised within the said reserved forest is an important habitat for Spotted Deer and that the southern most habitat for Spotted Deer outside Western Ghats and also a habitat for Peafowls, Mongoose, Reptiles, and Avifauna etc. In exercise of the powers conferred by clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 26 – A of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (Central Act 53 of 1972) the Governor of Tamil Nadu having considered the area, sensitivity and the boundaries of which are specified has declared that the said area shall be a Sanctuary on and from 01.10.2013 for purpose f protecting, propagating and developing the wildlife and its environment. The topography of the forest area is mainly rocky and Hilly terrain Fig.-5 to 10. As per the revised classification of forest types by Champion and Seth (1968), the existing forest is coming under Forest Types - 6A Southern tropical thorn forest and Sub types – 6A/C – Southern thorn forest. 3.1 Details of the Sanctuary

Name of Sanctuary Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary 1 District Tirunelveli 2 Taluk Tirunelveli 3 Village/s Gangaikondan & Alankaraperi 4 Block Gangaikondan 5 Total Area 288.40 hectares 3.2 Boundary of Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary North: The boundary of Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary starts from boundary pillar no 9 which runs southeast to a distance of 225m towards pillar no 10 and thence runs southeast to a length of 360m over the southern boundary of survey no 1472 of Gangaikondan village and it reaches pillar no 11 and thence runs towards south and touches pillar no 12 to a distance of 180m, thence runs towards east to a distance of 960m touching pillar 13 and 14, thence runs towards south to a distance of 120m and touches pillar 15, thence runs southeast and touches pillar no 16 trijunction of Alankaraperi and Gangaikondan villages to a distance of 270m.




East: The boundary of Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary in the East starts from trijunction of Alankaraperi and Gangaikondan villages in pillar no 16 and runs southwest to a distance of 555m and then runs southwest to a distance of 750m and touches the boundary pillar no 18, and thence it runs towards west to a distance of 225, it reaches the tri-junction in northern boundary of survey no 1802 of Gangaikondan and Alankaraperi villages in pillar no 19. South: The boundary of Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary in the South starts from the tri-junction in northern boundary of survey no 1802 of Gangaikondan and Alankaraperi villages in pillar no 19 and thence runs north touching the eastern boundary of survey no 1803 to a distance of 180m it reaches the pillar no 20 and runs north touching the eastern boundary of survey no 1810 to a distance of 420m and meets with pillar no 21 and thence runs southwest to a distance of 75m along the northern boundary of Pappankulam tank and thence runs northwest to a distance o f375m along the northern boundary of survey no 1820 of Gangaikondan village and reaches pillar no 26 and thence runs west to a distance of 375m touching pillar no 27 and thence runs northwest to a distance of 300m along the northern boundary of survey no 1654 of Gangaikondan village and touches pillar no 28 and thence runs northwest along with northern boundary of survey no 1680 to a distance of 120m and touches pillar no 29 and thence runs northwest to a distance of 90m and it meets with pillar no 30.

West: The boundary of Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary in the west starts from pillar no 30 and runs northeast to a distance of 375m touching pillar no 31 and meets with pillar no 32 and thence runs northeast to a distance of 1215m and meets with pillar no 33 and ends with pillar no 9 to a distance of 165m which is the starting point.




FIGURE 6: DIGITISED MAP OF GANGAIKONDAN SPOTTED DEER SANCTUARY AREA




FIGURE 7: GOOGLE MAP SHOWING THE SANCTUARY AREA

FIGURE 7A: DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL SHOWING THE SANCTUARY AREA




The entire area is a dry and the predominant species observed in the area are Prosopis juliflora and Acacia species (leucocephala and nilotica). A detailed list of Flora and fauna within the Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary are provided in the following tables. Table-5: List of Plants Recorded in Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary

S.No Name Family

Herbs

1. Capparis zeylanica Capparaceae 2. Cissus quandrangulais Vitaceae 3. Hemidesmus indicus Periplocaceae 4. Tylophora indica Asclepiadaceae 5. Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae 6. Aerva javanica Amaranthaceae 7. Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae 8. Aloe vera Liliaceae 9. Aristida setacea Poaceae 10. Argyreia nervosa Convolvulaceae 11. Barleria prionitis Acanthaceae 12. Boerhaavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae 13. Chloris barbata Poaceae 14. Cynodon dactylon Poaceae 15. Euphorbia resinifera Euphorbiaceae 16. Lepidagathis cristata Acanthaceae 17. Rostellularia prostrata Acanthaceae 18. Themeda triandra (kangaroo grass) Poaceae 19. Vernnonia cinerea Asteraceae

Shrubs

20. Canthium parviflorum Rubiaceae 21. Catunaregam spinoa Rubiaceae 22. Dodonea viscosa Sapindaceae 23. Jatropha gladulifera Euphorbiaceae 24. Phyllanthus reticulatus Euphorbiaceae

Trees

25. Acacia leucoceploea Mimosaceae 26. Acacia nilotica Mimosaceae 27. Borasus flabelifer Arecaceae 28. Carissa carandus Apocynaceae 29. Leucaena leucocephala Mimosaceae 30. Prosopis juliflora Mimosaceae

Table – 6: List of Faunal Species Recorded in Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary

S.No Common Name Scientific name WLPA, 1972 Mammals

1. Indian Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii Schedule II 2. Indian Palm squirrel Funambuus palmarum Schedule IV 3. Rabbit Lepus nigricollis Schedule IV 4. Spotted Deer Axis axix Schedule III




S.No Common Name Scientific name WLPA, 1972 Birds

5. Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Schedule IV 6. Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus Schedule IV 7. Common Crow Corvus splendens Schedule V 8. Common Myna Acridotheres tristis Schedule IV 9. Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis Schedule IV 10. House Sparrow Passer domesticus Schedule IV 11. Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus Schedule-I 12. Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata Schedule IV 13. Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus Schedule-IV 14. Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Schedule IV 15. Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus Schedule IV 16. Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis Schedule IV

Reptiles 17. Common skink Mabuya carinata - 18. Dhaman /Rat snake Ptyas mucosa Schedule II 19. Garden calotes Calotes versicolor -

Insects-Butterflies 20. Blue tiger Tirumala limniacae - 21. Common emigrant Catopsilia pomona - 22. Common grass yellow Eurema hecabe 23. Common tiger Danaus genutia 24. Common grass dart Taractrocera maevius - 25. Common jezebel Delias eucharis - 26. Common mormon Papilio polytes - 27. Common sailor Neptis hylas - 28. Dark grass blue Zizeera knysna - 29. Indian cabbage white Pieris canidae - 30. Lemon pansy Junonia lemonias -

Insect-Odonates (dragon flies) 31. Common Club tail - Ictinogomphus rapax - 32. Green Marsh Hawk Orthetrum sabina - 33. Ground Skimmer Diplacodes trivialis -

3.2.1 Flora : In total 30 plant species consists of 6 trees, 5 shrubs, 19 herbs, were recorded from Gangaikondan Deer Sancturay. The list of plants are provided in Table -4 provided in above pages. There is no endemic or endangered flora found in the study area.




3.2.2 Fauna

In total 33 faunal species were recorded from the Gangaikondan Deer Sanctuary area that belong to 4 mammals, 12 birds, 3 reptiles and 11 butterflies. The detail list of fauna recorded from the study area is at Table -8.

Among 33 faunal species recorded from the study area, Pavo cristatus (Cited) and comes under Schedule-I of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

Table-7: List of Flora Recorded in Study Area (Considering 10 km around all the Mine areas and plant area are included in the following table) S.No Name Habit Family

1. Andrographis echioides (L.) Nees Herb Acanthaceae 2. Barleria prionitis L. Herb Acanthaceae 3. Justicia procumbens Herb Acanthaceae 4. Lepidagathis cristata Willd. Herb Acanthaceae 5. Agave americana L. Shrub Agavaceae 6. Achyranthes aspera L. Herb Amaranthaceae 7. Aerva lanata (L.) Juss.ex Schult. Herb Amaranthaceae 8. Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. Herb Amaranthaceae 9. Anacardium occidentale L. Tree Anacardiaceae 10. Mangifera indica L. Tree Anacardiaceae 11. Catharanthus roseus (L.) Don Herb Apocynaceae 12. Carissa carandas L. Shrub Apocynaceae 13. Borassus flabellifer L. Tree Arecaceae 14. Cocos nucifera L. Tree Arecaceae 15. Pergularia daemia (Forsk.) Chiov. Climber Asclepiadaceae 16. Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Climber Asclepiadaceae 17. Calotropis gigantea (L.) R.Br. Shrub Asclepiadaceae 18. Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Mant. Herb Asteraceae 19. Parthenium hysterophorus L. Herb Asteraceae 20. Tridax procumbens L. Herb Asteraceae 21. Vernnonia cinerea (L.) Less. Herb Asteraceae 22. Ageratum conyzoides L. Shrub Asteraceae 23. Ceiba pendandra (L.) Gaertn. Tree Bombaceae 24. Opuntia dillenii (Ker.-Gawl.) Haw. Shrub Cactaceae 25. Cassia occidentalis L. Herb Caesalpiniaceae 26. Cassia tora L. Herb Caesalpiniaceae 27. Cassia auriculata L. Shrub Caesalpiniaceae 28. Bauhinia variegata L. Tree Caesalpiniaceae 29. Cassia fistula L. Tree Caesalpiniaceae 30. Delonix regia (Boj.ex Hook.) Rafin Tree Caesalpiniaceae 31. Tamarindus indica L. Tree Caesalpiniaceae 32. Maytenus emarginata (Willd.) Ding. Shrub Celastraceae 33. Cleome viscosa L. Herb Cleomaceae 34. Terminalia catappa L. Tree Combetaceae 35. Commelina longifolia Lam. Herb Commelinaceae 36. Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt. Climber Cucurbitaceae




37. Cyperus rotundus L. Herb Cyperaceae 38. Euphorbia hirta L. Herb Euphorbiaceae 39. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Shrub Euphorbiaceae 40. Phyllanthus emblica L. Tree Euphorbiaceae 41. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Climber Fabaceae 42. Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. Herb Fabaceae 43. Indigofera cassioides Rottl. Ex DC. Herb Fabaceae 44. Indigofera linifolia (L.f.) Retz. Herb Fabaceae 45. Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Herb Fabaceae 46. Dalbergia sisso Roxb Tree Fabaceae 47. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pier. Tree Fabaceae 48. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Shrub Flacourtiaceae 49. Hyptis suaveolens Herb Lamiaceae 50. Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link. Herb Lamiaceae 51. Leucas indica (L.) R.Br. Herb Lamiaceae 52. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Herb Malvaceae 53. Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. Shrub Malvaceae 54. Sida acuta Burm.f. Shrub Malvaceae 55. Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Tree Meliaceae 56. Mimosa pudica L. Herb Mimosaceae 57. Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Ex Benth Tree Mimosaceae 58. Acacia leucoceploea (Roxb.) Willd. Tree Mimosaceae 59. Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd.ex Del. Tree Mimosaceae 60. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Tree Mimosaceae 61. Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Tree Mimosaceae 62. Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Tree Mimosaceae 63. Samanea saman (Jacq.) Druce. Tree Mimosaceae 64. Ficus benghalensis L. Tree Moraceae 65. Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Shrub Nyctaginaceae 66. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. Climber Periplocaceae 67. Apluda mutica L. Herb Poaceae 68. Aristida setacea Retz. Herb Poaceae 69. Chloris barbata Sw. Herb Poaceae 70. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Herb Poaceae 71. Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Beauv. Herb Poaceae 72. Eragrostis tenella (L.) Beauv. Ex Roem. Herb Poaceae 73. Ziziphus numularia (Burm.f.) Wt. & Arn. Shrub Rhamnaceae 74. Hedyotis umbellata (L.) Lam. Herb Rubiaceae 75. Canthium parviflorum Lam. Shrub Rubiaceae 76. Aegle marmelos(L.) Corr. Tree Rutaceae 77. Dodonea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Shrub Sapindaceae 78. Datura metel L. Shrub Solanaceae 79. Corchorus aestuans L. Herb Tilliaceae 80. Typha angustata Bory & Chaub. Aquatic Herb Typhaceae 81. Tribulus terrestris L. Herb Zygophyllaceae 82. Manilkara zapota Tree Sapotaceae




Table-8: List of Fauna Recorded in Study Area (Considering 10 km around all the Mine areas and plant area are included in the following table

S.No Common Name Scientific name IWPA, Schedule

Mammals 1. Otus lettia collared scops owl IV 2. Indian Palm squirrel Funambuus palmarum palmarum IV 3. Indian Field Mouse Gus booduga V 4. Indian Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii II 5. Common Indian Hare Lepus ruficaudatus IV 6. Bonnet macaque Macaca radiata II 7. Wild Boar Sus scrofa cristatus III 8. Indian fox Vulpes bengalensis II 9. Pteropus giganteus Fruit Bat IV

Birds 10. Pavo cristatus Peacock I 11. Common Myna Acridotheres tristis IV 12. Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis IV 13. Common Swift Apus apus IV 14. Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii IV 15. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis IV 16. Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis IV 17. Common Crow Corvus splendens V 18. Common Quail Coturnix coturnix IV 19. Asian Palm Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis IV 20. Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus IV 21. Little Egret Egretta garzetta IV 22. Asian koel Eudynamys scolopaceus IV 23. Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis IV 24. Black Kite Milvus migrans IV 25. Purple-rumped Sunbird Nectarinia zeylonica IV 26. House Sparrow Passer domesticus IV 27. Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger IV 28. Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri IV 29. Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer IV 30. Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata IV 31. Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis IV 32. Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus IV

Reptiles 33. Common Indian krait Bungarus caeruleus II 34. Garden Lizard Calotes versicolar IV 35. House Lizard Hemidactylus domesticus IV 36. Common skink Mabuya carinata IV 37. Spectacled cobra Naja naja II 38. Dhaman Ptyas mucosus IV

Amphibians




39. Common Indian toad Bufo melanostictus IV 40. Frog Rana tigrina IV

Butterflies 41. Mottled emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe IV 42. Common jezebel Delias eucharis IV 43. Yellow pansy Junonia hierta IV 44. Lemon pansy Junonia lemonias IV 45. Common sailor Neptis hylas IV 46. Indian cabbage white Pieris canidae IV 47. Common grass dart Taractrocera maevius IV 48. Dark grass blue Zizeera knysna IV

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CHAPTER-3.0: ABOUT GANGAIKONDAN DEER … · Common emigrant Catopsilia pomona - 22. Common grass yellow Eurema hecabe 23. Common tiger Danaus genutia 24. Common grass dart Taractrocera