Federal Aid and Federal Control

Chapter 3:AP US Government

and Politics

Homework: Assignment 13 for tomorrow, Test Thursday/Friday

Consider: What impact does the granting of federal money to

states have on the system of federalism?

Types of Federalism: Can you have your cake and eat it too?

Dual federalism, also known as "layer cake federalism" involves clearly enumerated powers between the national and state governments, and sovereignty in equal spheres. This relationship predominated from the 1790s to 1930.

Cooperative federalism, also known as "marble cake federalism," involved the national and state governments sharing functions and collaborating on major national priorities. This relationship predominated between 1930 and 1960.

Creative federalism, also known as "picket fence federalism," predominated during the period of 1960 to 1980. This relationship was characterized by overloaded cooperation and crosscutting regulations.

Finally, new federalism, sometimes referred to as “progressive federalism," is characterized by further devolution of power from national to state governments, deregulation, but also increased difficulty of states to fulfill their new mandates. This period began in 1981 and continues to the present.

Federal Aid to States – “fiscal

federalism”

• Why does the federal government give aid to states?• Money is there• It is “free” money, at least in a sense.

• Why are states eager to accept it?

http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg3_Federalism_v2.html

3.3Video: In Context

Amending the National-State Relationship

Sixteenth Amendment Money is power

Seventeenth Amendment (1913) Direct election of senators

3.3

Types of Grants to State/Local Govs

Grants serve 3 purposes Provide funds Address national problems like clean air Redistribute funds between rich and poor states

Categorical grants are for specific purpose

Block grants less restrictive

Give states more discretion in spending funds Devolution revolution

Unfunded Mandates No Child Left Behind (2001)

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

Programmatic requests Funds earmarked for specific projects within states

Secured by lobbyists or members of Congress for their districts Bringing the pork back home

3.5

Video: Thinking Like a Political Scientist

http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg4_Federalism_v2.html

3.5

Explore Federalism: Which States Win or Lose in the Federal Aid Game?

http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_oconnor_mpslag_12/pex/pex3.html

3.5

Toward Reform: Attempts to Balance National and State Power Price of Federalism

Book from 90s which argued that redistributive policies are best left to national gov, and developmental policies are best left to states

Problem is that the opposite is often what happens

Progressive Federalism Pragmatic approach, sees relationship as both

coercive and cooperative

Nat’l should set standards, but when not able to, states should act as “laboratories”

3.7

http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/OConner_Ch03_Federalism_Seg6_v

3Video: So What?

Methods of Federal ControlConditions of Aid

Is it “Free” money?

MandatesWhether from Congress or the CourtsFunded or unfunded…NCLB; how does the US

government control education (historically a state and local control policy area)?

Federalism and Educationhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=play

er_embedded&v=1DOCH1YT6Uk#t=42

Homework: Quiz due tomorrow; MC Test tomorrow, essay test Friday

Consider: What powers are best left to states?

http://www.learner.org/vod/vod_window.html?pid=1913

http://www.learner.org/courses/democracyinamerica/dia_3/dia_3_video.html