Homework: Finish Chinese Culture Post-It by tomorrow

FrontPage: NNIGNApril 4: National Tell-A-Lie Day

April 7: International Pillow Fight Day

April 13: National Scrabble Day

April 14: National Reach as High as You Can Day

April 20: Lima Bean Respect Day

April 22: National Jelly Bean Day

April 23: Talk Like Shakespeare Day

April 27: Morse Code Day

April 28: Eeyore’s BirthdayEven pessimistic stuffed donkeys have birthdays. You could throw a party, but why bother?

Chinese DynastiesChinese DynastiesNearly 3000 Years From the Qin to the Qing Nearly 3000 Years From the Qin to the Qing

The Legacy of the Chinese DynastiesThe Legacy of the Chinese Dynasties

Dynastic rule in China lasts for nearly 3000 yearsDynastic rule in China lasts for nearly 3000 years From about 1700BC to 1911ADFrom about 1700BC to 1911AD

Many different dynasties (ruling families) control Many different dynasties (ruling families) control China during this periodChina during this period Also 2 outside groups invade and control China, but adopt Also 2 outside groups invade and control China, but adopt

Chinese namesChinese names

**Several of these many dynasties are noteworthy for their **Several of these many dynasties are noteworthy for their style of rule, achievements, and contribution to historystyle of rule, achievements, and contribution to history

Qin – the First EmpireQin – the First Empire 221BC – 206BC 221BC – 206BC Chinese states and kingdoms first united under one ruler, Chinese states and kingdoms first united under one ruler,

Shi Huangdi (“First Emperor”)Shi Huangdi (“First Emperor”) The name “China” comes from the name of this dynastyThe name “China” comes from the name of this dynasty

Qin – The Rule of Qin – The Rule of Shi HuangdiShi Huangdi

Legalist principlesLegalist principles adopted to govern the empire adopted to govern the empire Strict, harsh and uniform lawsStrict, harsh and uniform laws Centralized power in his own hands Centralized power in his own hands

General improvementsGeneral improvements Standardized weights and measures Standardized weights and measures Improved transportation by building roads Improved transportation by building roads Helped farmers by initiating irrigation projectsHelped farmers by initiating irrigation projects

Banned/burned Confucian booksBanned/burned Confucian books and persecuted and persecuted Confucian scholarsConfucian scholars

The Great Wall – joined other, smaller walls together and The Great Wall – joined other, smaller walls together and extended its reachextended its reach

Qin – The Fall of Shi HuangdiQin – The Fall of Shi Huangdi

Shi’s policies were mostly successful in uniting and Shi’s policies were mostly successful in uniting and strengthening the empirestrengthening the empire

But the taxes required to accomplish many of these But the taxes required to accomplish many of these tasks placed a burden on manytasks placed a burden on many Great Wall, public works projects also require peasant Great Wall, public works projects also require peasant

laborlabor Nobles also resented his control of ideas and knowledgeNobles also resented his control of ideas and knowledge

After his death, revolts break out in China After his death, revolts break out in China A peasant leader named Liu Bang overthrows the Qin A peasant leader named Liu Bang overthrows the Qin

and begins a new dynasty – the Hanand begins a new dynasty – the Han

The Qin DynastyThe Qin Dynasty

The HanThe Han 206BC – 220AD; First ruler – Liu Bang206BC – 220AD; First ruler – Liu Bang China extends its empire into central AsiaChina extends its empire into central Asia

The Rule of the HanThe Rule of the Han

Chinese contribute Chinese contribute silksilk, jade and bronze, jade and bronze

Chinese receive Chinese receive products from India products from India and Asia, and and Asia, and learn learn about other culturesabout other cultures as wellas well

• Lasts for around 400 yearsLasts for around 400 years• Chinese goods travel the Silk Road all the Chinese goods travel the Silk Road all the way to the Middle East and beyondway to the Middle East and beyond

The Rule of the HanThe Rule of the Han

Restored Confucian ideasRestored Confucian ideas in government in government Government should be run by most intelligent and talented in Government should be run by most intelligent and talented in

societysociety Ideas/inventions developed during this time include:Ideas/inventions developed during this time include:

PaperPaper, seismograph, measurement of the pulse, astronomy, , seismograph, measurement of the pulse, astronomy, irrigation systems, irrigation systems, foot stirrupfoot stirrup

Chinese establish a Chinese establish a rigorous exam systemrigorous exam system in order to in order to determine which individuals in society were worthy of determine which individuals in society were worthy of prestigious government jobsprestigious government jobs This civil service system exists until the early 1900’sThis civil service system exists until the early 1900’s

The HanThe Han Peasant rebellions, internal fighting and power Peasant rebellions, internal fighting and power

struggles mark the end of the Han periodstruggles mark the end of the Han period Over the next 400 years, no major dynasty exists, Over the next 400 years, no major dynasty exists,

but several smaller rulers maintained powerbut several smaller rulers maintained power

The Tang DynastyThe Tang Dynasty Lasts from 618AD – Lasts from 618AD –

907AD907AD Emerges after period of Emerges after period of

frequent dynastic changesfrequent dynastic changes Sometimes coupled with a Sometimes coupled with a

prior dynasty, the Sui prior dynasty, the Sui Distinction of having the Distinction of having the

only female empress in only female empress in Chinese historyChinese history

The Tang DynastyThe Tang Dynasty CanalsCanals built during and before this built during and before this

dynasty help to unite the empiredynasty help to unite the empire Increase trade, transportation and Increase trade, transportation and

communicationcommunication Growth of rice increasesGrowth of rice increases dramatically dramatically

due to new inventionsdue to new inventions Policy of Policy of taxation by person,taxation by person, not by land, not by land,

indicates well-developed census systemindicates well-developed census system Compiled the Compiled the Tang codeTang code; earliest Chinese ; earliest Chinese

system of laws that still existssystem of laws that still exists

The Tang DynastyThe Tang Dynasty

The SangThe Sang Lasts from 960AD – Lasts from 960AD –

1279AD1279AD Under both the Tang and the Under both the Tang and the

Sang, China enjoyed times Sang, China enjoyed times of peaceof peace

Achievements of The SangAchievements of The Sang

Literature and the arts Literature and the arts flourished; poetry and painting flourished; poetry and painting become popularbecome popular Block printing and movable typeBlock printing and movable type

were also invented during this timewere also invented during this time These advancements also These advancements also

contributed to the increase in contributed to the increase in literacyliteracy

• The Sang constructed a navy to facilitate and protect their The Sang constructed a navy to facilitate and protect their trade intereststrade interests

•Became a Became a great sea powergreat sea power for a time for a time •Utilized inventions of rudder, Utilized inventions of rudder, gunpowdergunpowder and the and the magnetic compassmagnetic compass

The Sang DynastyThe Sang Dynasty

The Mongol InvasionsThe Mongol Invasions During the early 1200’s, Mongols emerge as a During the early 1200’s, Mongols emerge as a

strong threat to powers in Asiastrong threat to powers in Asia Genghis Khan captured a vast empire during by 1227Genghis Khan captured a vast empire during by 1227 After his death, his empire was split among his sonsAfter his death, his empire was split among his sons

The Yuan (Mongol) dynastyThe Yuan (Mongol) dynasty Kublai Khan extends Mongol empire to include all of China by 1279Kublai Khan extends Mongol empire to include all of China by 1279

Adopts the name Yuan as a ruling familyAdopts the name Yuan as a ruling family Rule was difficult since Rule was difficult since Mongols and Chinese were very differentMongols and Chinese were very different

Tried to reduce the role of Confucian scholars and preserve Mongol culture in Tried to reduce the role of Confucian scholars and preserve Mongol culture in China; Yuan allowed no Chinese officials in governmentChina; Yuan allowed no Chinese officials in government

In the end, the Mongols made better warriors than governors, and the In the end, the Mongols made better warriors than governors, and the Chinese were able to overthrow them inChinese were able to overthrow them in 1368

•

The Yuan (Mongol) dynastyThe Yuan (Mongol) dynasty

The Ming DynastyThe Ming Dynasty Rules China from 1368AD – 1644ADRules China from 1368AD – 1644AD Peasant leader named Zhu Yuanzhang drives Peasant leader named Zhu Yuanzhang drives

Mongols out of China and claims the Mandate Mongols out of China and claims the Mandate of Heaven of Heaven

The Ming DynastyThe Ming Dynasty Ming attempt to return China to peace and prosperity that Ming attempt to return China to peace and prosperity that

had existed under Tang/Sanghad existed under Tang/Sang Revived use of Confucian ideasRevived use of Confucian ideas Moved the capital to Beijing; the “Forbidden City”Moved the capital to Beijing; the “Forbidden City” Much of what we know of Much of what we know of the Great Wall was built or rebuiltthe Great Wall was built or rebuilt

during this periodduring this period Sent large expeditions overseasSent large expeditions overseas to re-establish trade and to re-establish trade and

their power at seatheir power at sea But at some point in history, the Ming begin to But at some point in history, the Ming begin to cut off their trade cut off their trade

and contactand contact with the outside world with the outside world Exact reason is unknown; but this allows others to assume a more Exact reason is unknown; but this allows others to assume a more

powerful position on the world stage (i.e., Europe)powerful position on the world stage (i.e., Europe)

The Ming DynastyThe Ming Dynasty

The Qing – China’s Last DynastyThe Qing – China’s Last Dynasty Lasts from 1644AD – 1911ADLasts from 1644AD – 1911AD Invaders from Manchu region in northeast China Invaders from Manchu region in northeast China

conquer the Mingconquer the Ming Dynasty also known as the “Manchu” dynastyDynasty also known as the “Manchu” dynasty

The Qing – China’s Last DynastyThe Qing – China’s Last Dynasty

The Manchus did not attempt to assimilate into The Manchus did not attempt to assimilate into Chinese cultureChinese culture Passed laws Passed laws preventing intermixingpreventing intermixing of cultures of cultures Required Chinese men to adopt ManchuRequired Chinese men to adopt Manchu

clothing; try to clothing; try to outlaw foot bindingoutlaw foot binding but are but are unsuccessfulunsuccessful

Created dual positionsCreated dual positions in government for in government for Chinese and ManchusChinese and Manchus

During this time, European influence became During this time, European influence became very strong in Chinavery strong in China

The Qing – China’s Last DynastyThe Qing – China’s Last Dynasty

Review Review From which dynasty does the name “China” From which dynasty does the name “China”

come from?come from? Name a major achievement, invention or Name a major achievement, invention or

development that occurred during the dynastic development that occurred during the dynastic period in Chinaperiod in China

Which outside groups founded the Yuan and Which outside groups founded the Yuan and the Qing dynasty?the Qing dynasty?

During which dynasty was European influence During which dynasty was European influence the strongest?the strongest?