Chapter 27 AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR II

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Chapter 27 Chapter 27 AMERICANS IN AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR IIWORLD WAR IISection 1:Section 1: Early Difficulties Early DifficultiesSection 2:Section 2: The Home Front The Home FrontSection 3:Section 3: Victory in Europe Victory in EuropeSection 4:Section 4: Victory in Asia Victory in Asia



Objectives:Objectives: What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Allied What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Allied

Powers and Axis Powers in 1941?Powers and Axis Powers in 1941? What steps did the United States take to prepare for war?What steps did the United States take to prepare for war? Where did the Japanese military attack after Pearl Harbor?Where did the Japanese military attack after Pearl Harbor? What were the early turning points of the war in the What were the early turning points of the war in the

Pacific?Pacific? What were the major battles in Europe and North Africa in What were the major battles in Europe and North Africa in

1942?1942?

Section 1: Early DifficultiesSection 1: Early Difficulties


The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLTSECTION 1

Early DifficultiesEarly Difficulties

Question:What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Allied and Axis Powers?


The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLTSECTION 1

Early DifficultiesEarly Difficulties

THE ALLIED AND AXIS POWERS–STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

The Allied Powers

advantage: the United States had tremendous production capacityadvantage: the Soviet Union had vast manpoweradvantage: Britain and the Soviet Union had not been defeateddisadvantage: faced a long, drawn-out fight on several frontsdisadvantage: enemy held firm control of conquered area spread over an enormous area—both in Europe and the Pacific

The Axis Powers

advantage: better prepared for waradvantage: had firm control over invaded areasadvantage: had been rearmed since the 1930sadvantage: already had airfields, barracks, and military training centersadvantage: economies ready for wardisadvantage: had to defend multiple fronts



U.S. preparations for warU.S. preparations for war increased production: agriculture increased production: agriculture

and industryand industry expanded the government: expanded the government:

numbers and authoritynumbers and authority began to direct the economybegan to direct the economy

Equip and feed American Army and Equip and feed American Army and assist alliesassist allies

Public sector economic directionPublic sector economic direction began to raise the armybegan to raise the army




U.S. preparations for war: continuedU.S. preparations for war: continued War Production Board: Direct War Production Board: Direct

conversion of civilian industries to conversion of civilian industries to serve militaryserve military No cars built from 1942-1945No cars built from 1942-1945 Limits placed on cloth in clothing Limits placed on cloth in clothing

(pleats and cuffs outlawed)(pleats and cuffs outlawed) Office of Price AdministrationOffice of Price Administration

Scarcity created by war demand for Scarcity created by war demand for goods could cause inflationgoods could cause inflation

Goods rationedGoods rationedGasolineGasolineSugarSugarMeat coffee canned goodsMeat coffee canned goods




What is the message of these propaganda What is the message of these propaganda posters?posters?



U.S. preparations for war: raising an armyU.S. preparations for war: raising an army Selective Training and Service ActSelective Training and Service Act

2/3 of all soldiers serving were draftees2/3 of all soldiers serving were draftees 21-35 (later expanded to 18-45)21-35 (later expanded to 18-45) Began in summer of 1940 (over a year before Pearl Harbor)Began in summer of 1940 (over a year before Pearl Harbor) Army needed to grow over 50X to fight the war!Army needed to grow over 50X to fight the war!




American Strategy In World War IIAmerican Strategy In World War II

Europe FirstEurope FirstConcentrate military resources on European TheatreConcentrate military resources on European TheatreKeep Britain in the war- Win Battle of AtlanticKeep Britain in the war- Win Battle of AtlanticCaution in opening a second front in Europe (North Caution in opening a second front in Europe (North

African Campaign begins in November 1942African Campaign begins in November 1942Stop Japanese offensiveStop Japanese offensive

Protect Australia, New Guinea and Pacific perimeter Protect Australia, New Guinea and Pacific perimeter



Japanese attacks after Pearl HarborJapanese attacks after Pearl HarborClark Air force Base in the PhilippinesClark Air force Base in the Philippines

(America’s Far-East Fleet)(America’s Far-East Fleet)Burma and Hong KongBurma and Hong Kong

Center’s of British power in the PacificCenter’s of British power in the Pacificthe Netherlands East Indiesthe Netherlands East Indies

Oil resources Japan neededOil resources Japan neededWake IslandWake Island






The Bataan Death MarchThe Bataan Death March Army of 70,000 Americans and Filipinos surrender- Largest Army of 70,000 Americans and Filipinos surrender- Largest

surrender of the warsurrender of the war Forced to march without food or waterForced to march without food or water Those who fell behind or stopped for water were shotThose who fell behind or stopped for water were shot Estimated 5000-11,000 did not live to finish the marchEstimated 5000-11,000 did not live to finish the march

http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/USPics/bataan/daws9.jpg



Japan and prisoners of WarJapan and prisoners of War

1/3 of all American POWs 1/3 of all American POWs dies or were killed by dies or were killed by Japanese captorsJapanese captors

Japanese looked on Japanese looked on surrendering troops as surrendering troops as sub-humansub-human

Japanese did not follow Japanese did not follow Geneva ConventionGeneva Convention



Early turning points of war in PacificEarly turning points of war in Pacific Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942)Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942)

Stopped Japanese advance on AustraliaStopped Japanese advance on Australia Offset bitterness of losses: Pearl Harbor, Bataan Offset bitterness of losses: Pearl Harbor, Bataan

Battle of MidwayBattle of Midway First clear naval victory over JapanFirst clear naval victory over Japan Weakened Japanese force in PacificWeakened Japanese force in Pacific

Guadalcanal (August-October 1942)Guadalcanal (August-October 1942) First offensive in PacificFirst offensive in Pacific Tide turns in Pacific WarTide turns in Pacific War






Major battles of 1942 in Europe and North AfricaMajor battles of 1942 in Europe and North AfricaBattle of El AlameinBattle of El Alamein

British stop German drive to Suez Canal and Mid-East British stop German drive to Suez Canal and Mid-East oiloil

Battle of StalingradBattle of StalingradSoviets stop German drive to Soviet oil fields-end of Soviets stop German drive to Soviet oil fields-end of

German drive against USSR (BARBAROSSA)German drive against USSR (BARBAROSSA)Battle of the Atlantic April 1941- Keep Britain Battle of the Atlantic April 1941- Keep Britain

suppliedsuppliedAmerica’s first offensive in Europe: Operation America’s first offensive in Europe: Operation

Torch November 1942Torch November 1942




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Chapter 27 AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR II