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CHAPTER 23Industrialization of the West
1760 - 1914
Map Exercise 23.1Napoleon's Empire (page 543)
• 1. The Grand Empire of Napoleon• a. What areas did Napoleon acquire?• b. What states allied with Napoleon?• c. What states seemed to be enemies of
Napoleon?• 2. Upsetting the Balance of Power• a. How did Napoleon upset the balance of
power?• b. Based on Napoleon’s campaigns, what can
you predict about his plans?
Map Exercise 23.3Industrialization in Europe, c. 1850 (page 545)
• 1. Reading the map• a. Identify the industrial areas of England• b. What areas are emerging industrial areas?• c. What nation (s) has (have) the densest
concentration of railroads?• 2. Drawing Conclusions• a. What nations would likely experience an
industrial revolution?• b. Why do you come to this conclusion?
Map Exercise 23.3The Unification of Italy (pg 551)
The Unification of Germany (pg 552)
• What states united Italy & Germany respectively?
• What other states did the 2 core nations acquire?
Forces of Change
intellectual Enlightenment thinkers
challenge existing order
population pressure - increase
merchants encourage economic & technological changes
stimulate expansion
youthful independence grew
Revolutions
call for change or restoration of past patterns
American
constitution based on Enlightenment principles
Frenchcall for change – mid 1700s - limitations on aristocracy & church - increased voice for citizens - middle-class want greater political role - peasants want freedom from landlords
market economy
King cannot control
Declaration of Rights of Man & the Citizen
- assembly abolishes manorialism- enact equality before the law- new parliament limits royal authority- church privileges attacked
reforms cause resistance & civil wars in some areas
economic chaos
revolution taken over by radical groups
universal male suffrage
radical leadership falls in 1795
Napoleon Bonaparte- turns revolutionary republic into authoritarian
empire- kept many of changes
focus more on foreign expansion- 1812 control w. Europe except Britain
1815 empire ends- revolutionary ideals survived
victorious allies = restore balance of power
France not peaceful internally
conservative victorsliberals radicalssocialistsnationalists
political discussion center on constitution & political participation
revolutions (1820s & 30s)in: Greece Spain Portugal France Italy Germany Belgium
secure more liberal rights & religious freedom
Industrial Revolution
begin in Britain
technological change
Enlightenment thinking = ideological base for change
origins 1770-1840
factory systeminterchangeable partscoal & coke fueltransportation & communication
improved agriculture
Disruptions of Industrial Life
movement
social changes
work conditions end leisurely craft production
middle class redefines family life
lower classes turned to governments
revolts follow – government unresponsive
social reformequal rights
“revolutions of 1848”
want: liberal constitutionslimits on industrializationend of manorialismethnic demands
generally failed
aristocracy declines
middle class property owners vs. working class
- old alliances that produced revolutions dissolved- revolutions in West become obsolete
rise of socialism
adjustments to industrial life
stable populationschildren valuedmaterial conditions improvepeasants improve liveslabor movements
Political Trends
cautious change
Britain – vote to working-class males 1867Prussia – vote to all adult males
conservatives use nationalism to win support
united: Italy Germany (1871)
most Western nations have parliamentary systems
key political issues reduced
New Government Functions
expand
civil service examsschool systems
welfare systems set up
government & citizen contact with each other
rise of socialism- Karl Marx
revisionists support parliamentary democracy
feminist movements late 1800s
Cultural Change
higher wages
increased leisure time
consumption encouraged (factory capacity)
mass leisure culture
advances in scientific knowledge- continues tradition of rationalism- Darwin, Einstein, Freud
Artistic Expression
romanticism vs rationalism
African & East Asian influences
Western culture doesn’t synthesize
Expansion of West’s power
new markets & raw material needed
transportation & communication-Europeans & superior weapons help spread empires- immigration
http://www.uwec.edu/geogrApHy/Ivogeler/w111/world-europeanization-animated.gif
U.S. - growing power
Civil War – 1st modern war
British settler colonies
Canada, Australia, New Zealand
parliamentary governments, European culture
dependent on Great Britain economically
20th century balance of power altered by Germany’s rise
overseas expansion by European countries
imperial rivalries add to tension in Europe
Triple Alliance Germany Austria-Hungary Italy
Triple Entente Britain France Russia
1 unstable partner in each
all lead into WWI