Chapter 23 1800 to 1900 The United States Becomes a World Power

chapter 23chapter 23

1800 to 19001800 to 1900

The United States Becomes a The United States Becomes a World PowerWorld Power

chapter objectiveschapter objectives

By the end of the chapter, you should be By the end of the chapter, you should be able to…able to… explain why some Americans wanted to have explain why some Americans wanted to have

coloniescolonies tell how America won control of Alaska and tell how America won control of Alaska and

HawaiiHawaii explain how the Spanish-American War helped explain how the Spanish-American War helped

America become an imperialist nationAmerica become an imperialist nation tell how the United States opened up trade tell how the United States opened up trade

with China and Japanwith China and Japan

How did the United States How did the United States become the most powerful become the most powerful

nation on Earth?nation on Earth?What do you already know?What do you already know?

By now, you should already By now, you should already know:know:

Before the Civil Before the Civil War, the United War, the United States grew States grew from a few from a few small states on small states on the East Coast the East Coast to eventually to eventually control all the control all the land from coast land from coast to coast. to coast.

First, it bought land from France and First, it bought land from France and doubled in size. doubled in size.

Next, it bought land from Spain that Next, it bought land from Spain that included Florida. included Florida.

Then it fought a war with Mexico and got Then it fought a war with Mexico and got Texas, California, and more.Texas, California, and more.


The Civil War made the The Civil War made the U.S. stronger. U.S. stronger. The U.S. stayed united as The U.S. stayed united as

one country.one country. The U.S. built the largest The U.S. built the largest

military on Earth. military on Earth. The U.S. invented and The U.S. invented and

pioneered the use of new pioneered the use of new weapons such as the weapons such as the gattling gun, repeating gattling gun, repeating rifles, breach loading rifles, breach loading guns, iron ships, heavy guns, iron ships, heavy artillery and more. artillery and more.


The industrial revolution The industrial revolution had built America into a had built America into a major industrial nation. major industrial nation. America could produce America could produce

steel faster and better steel faster and better than most other nations. than most other nations.

America had completed America had completed railroads that crossed the railroads that crossed the entire nation. entire nation.

More inventions were More inventions were coming out of America coming out of America than any other country.than any other country.


America had a large, America had a large, growing population.growing population. People were coming People were coming

from all over the world from all over the world to become Americans. to become Americans.

America was attracting America was attracting some of the world’s some of the world’s smartest and most smartest and most hardworking people. hardworking people.

The whole world was The whole world was talking about America.talking about America.

expansionism and expansionism and imperialismimperialism


Expansionism Expansionism is the belief that one’s country should is the belief that one’s country should grow larger by taking more land from the areas grow larger by taking more land from the areas around it.around it.

Americans had always wanted to increase the size of Americans had always wanted to increase the size of their nation. They believed in their nation and their nation. They believed in their nation and wanted it to grow. Americans wanted more land.wanted it to grow. Americans wanted more land.

1803 America doubled in size with the 1803 America doubled in size with the Louisiana Louisiana PurchasePurchase

After 1803, Americans began to believe in After 1803, Americans began to believe in manifest manifest destinydestiny, the idea that America should someday , the idea that America should someday control all of North America or even the entire control all of North America or even the entire hemisphere.hemisphere.

By the end of the 1800’s America stretched from By the end of the 1800’s America stretched from coast to coast, but many still wanted America to coast to coast, but many still wanted America to expand more. They wanted America to have colonies expand more. They wanted America to have colonies overseas.overseas.


ImperialismImperialism is the belief that one’s country is the belief that one’s country should own colonies or at least be able to should own colonies or at least be able to tell other countries what to do.tell other countries what to do.

Industrial nations such as England, Industrial nations such as England, Germany, France, and the United States Germany, France, and the United States had many large corporations. These had many large corporations. These corporations needed more raw materials corporations needed more raw materials and wanted to get them for cheaper. They and wanted to get them for cheaper. They also wanted new markets to sell their also wanted new markets to sell their products in. That’s why they wanted products in. That’s why they wanted colonies. Colonies could provide both raw colonies. Colonies could provide both raw materials and customers.materials and customers.

Imperialist countries need raw Imperialist countries need raw materials for their industrymaterials for their industry

cottoncotton oiloil coalcoal sugarsugar tobaccotobacco fruitfruit rubberrubber

ImperialismImperialism

Some Americans were against imperialism. Some Americans were against imperialism. They believed it was wrong for America to They believed it was wrong for America to take away other people’s freedoms.take away other people’s freedoms.

Some Americans wanted America to help Some Americans wanted America to help people in other countries. Some wanted to people in other countries. Some wanted to spread Christianity, democracy, or other spread Christianity, democracy, or other aspects of American culture. Some of these aspects of American culture. Some of these people favored imperialism as a way to do so.people favored imperialism as a way to do so.

Many Americans favored imperialism because Many Americans favored imperialism because they believed in manifest destiny. They they believed in manifest destiny. They believed it was America’s destiny to rule the believed it was America’s destiny to rule the world.world.

memory checkmemory check

How did America grow to such a large size?How did America grow to such a large size? How did the Civil War and the Industrial How did the Civil War and the Industrial

Revolution help make the United States into Revolution help make the United States into a world power?a world power?

What is expansionism?What is expansionism? What is imperialism?What is imperialism? Why did some Americans want the U.S. to Why did some Americans want the U.S. to

have colonies?have colonies?

What’s your opinion?What’s your opinion?

Many people say that America is still Many people say that America is still an imperialist country today. Do you an imperialist country today. Do you agree? Explain your opinion.agree? Explain your opinion.

Trade with JapanTrade with Japan

Trade with JapanTrade with Japan Before 1853, Japan Before 1853, Japan

was an isolationist was an isolationist country. They didn’t country. They didn’t want contact with want contact with other countries; other countries; they just wanted to they just wanted to be left alone. It was be left alone. It was illegal for foreigners illegal for foreigners to visit Japan.to visit Japan.

However, some However, some American sailors got American sailors got shipwrecked in shipwrecked in Japan. The Japan. The Japanese treated Japanese treated them very badly. them very badly. Americans were Americans were very angry about very angry about this.this.

Trade with JapanTrade with Japan In 1853, the In 1853, the

American American government sent government sent Commodore Perry Commodore Perry to Japan. He to Japan. He came with a very came with a very large armada of large armada of ships and modern ships and modern weapons. weapons.

Commodore Perry Commodore Perry met the Japanese met the Japanese leaders. He leaders. He convinced them to convinced them to open their doors open their doors to the United to the United States. Japan States. Japan started trading started trading with America.with America.

Trade with JapanTrade with Japan Perry’s visit made a Perry’s visit made a

strong impression on strong impression on the Japanese. They the Japanese. They were awed by the were awed by the modern military modern military power. They wanted power. They wanted to have the same to have the same power. They saw the power. They saw the modern technology modern technology and also wanted it. and also wanted it. They decided to work They decided to work hard to start their hard to start their own industrial own industrial revolution and build revolution and build their own economy. their own economy. They realized that They realized that they had better they had better become more become more powerful or else powerful or else some other country some other country would make them would make them into a colony.into a colony.

The Purchase of AlaskaThe Purchase of Alaska

The Purchase of AlaskaThe Purchase of Alaska William Seward, the William Seward, the

Secretary of State Secretary of State under Andrew Johnson, under Andrew Johnson, believed in believed in expansionism. In 1867, expansionism. In 1867, when Russia needed when Russia needed money and offered to money and offered to sell Alaska to the United sell Alaska to the United States, he quickly took States, he quickly took the offer. Many the offer. Many Americans were very Americans were very critical of the purchase critical of the purchase and called it “Seward’s and called it “Seward’s Folly”, but they soon Folly”, but they soon realized it had many realized it had many valuable natural valuable natural resources such as gold, resources such as gold, oil, and timber.oil, and timber.

The Annexation of the Midway IslandsThe Annexation of the Midway Islands

Also in 1867, Also in 1867, America annexed America annexed two small Pacific two small Pacific islands called the islands called the Midway Islands. Midway Islands. These islands These islands proved extremely proved extremely valuable for valuable for American ships American ships traveling to Asia. traveling to Asia. They could stop They could stop there and refuel.there and refuel.

The Annexation of HawaiiThe Annexation of Hawaii American missionaries American missionaries

went to the Hawaiian went to the Hawaiian Islands to teach the Islands to teach the Hawaiian people to be Hawaiian people to be Protestants. Many of Protestants. Many of those missionaries those missionaries stayed and built large stayed and built large plantations. They plantations. They became very rich and became very rich and started taking much of started taking much of the land. The the land. The Hawaiian people Hawaiian people fought against the fought against the Americans, but could Americans, but could not beat their better not beat their better weapons. Americans weapons. Americans on the island asked on the island asked the United States to the United States to annex the islands and annex the islands and in 1898, the U.S. did.in 1898, the U.S. did.


How did the United States change How did the United States change Japan in 1853?Japan in 1853?

How did the United States win control How did the United States win control of Alaska and Hawaii?of Alaska and Hawaii?

The Spanish-American WarThe Spanish-American War

Spain had once been a great empire. Spain had once been a great empire. It had ruled many colonies all over It had ruled many colonies all over the world. the world.

By 1898 it had gotten much weaker, By 1898 it had gotten much weaker, but still controlled the islands of but still controlled the islands of Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam. and Guam.

In 1898, the United States declared In 1898, the United States declared war on Spain.war on Spain.

Reasons why America went to war with Reasons why America went to war with SpainSpain

Americans wanted Americans wanted to help Cuba gain to help Cuba gain independence from independence from Spain. The Spanish Spain. The Spanish leaders were cruel leaders were cruel and corrupt. and corrupt. Americans Americans sympathized with sympathized with the Cuban people. the Cuban people.

American American companies also companies also wanted to do wanted to do business in Cuba business in Cuba without Spanish without Spanish interference.interference.


American newspapers were writing American newspapers were writing stories about the revolution in Cuba. stories about the revolution in Cuba. The newspapers wanted to sell more The newspapers wanted to sell more papers, so they lied to make the papers, so they lied to make the stories more interesting. This stories more interesting. This dishonest reporting was called yellow dishonest reporting was called yellow journalism. It made Americans hate journalism. It made Americans hate Spain.Spain.


In 1898, an American In 1898, an American battleship, named the battleship, named the Maine, exploded while Maine, exploded while visiting Cuba. It visiting Cuba. It actually exploded actually exploded because of a engine because of a engine malfunction, but the malfunction, but the newspapers all said it newspapers all said it was a Spanish bomb. was a Spanish bomb. Congress soon Congress soon declared war on declared war on Spain.Spain.

The fighting started in the The fighting started in the PhilippinesPhilippines

winning the war with Spainwinning the war with Spain

In the In the Philippines, the Philippines, the U.S. navy U.S. navy attacked the attacked the Spanish navy. Spanish navy. Because the U.S. Because the U.S. navy was far navy was far superior, superior, America quickly America quickly destroyed all the destroyed all the Spanish ships.Spanish ships.

winning the war with Spainwinning the war with Spain

Once the Spanish navy was destroyed, Once the Spanish navy was destroyed, there was no way for the Spanish to win. there was no way for the Spanish to win. They could not move their troops or send They could not move their troops or send supplies.supplies.

All the people of the Spanish colonies were All the people of the Spanish colonies were promised their independence if they promised their independence if they fought against Spain. In the Philippines fought against Spain. In the Philippines and Cuba, many people died fighting and Cuba, many people died fighting against the Spanish. against the Spanish.

winning the war with Spainwinning the war with Spain Theodore Roosevelt led Theodore Roosevelt led

the American attack on the American attack on Cuba. He led a group of Cuba. He led a group of American men known American men known as the “rough riders”. as the “rough riders”. Together with Cuban Together with Cuban revolutionaries, they revolutionaries, they beat the Spanish in the beat the Spanish in the battle of San Juan Hill. battle of San Juan Hill. American newspapers American newspapers wrote about how the wrote about how the Rough Riders bravely Rough Riders bravely charged up the hill to charged up the hill to help the people of Cuba.help the people of Cuba.

Roosevelt became a heroRoosevelt became a hero Roosevelt became a Roosevelt became a

hero in the United hero in the United States. The truth is States. The truth is that the Rough Riders that the Rough Riders charged only after the charged only after the Spanish had used up Spanish had used up their ammunition their ammunition killing Cubans in killing Cubans in previous charges. previous charges.

Very few Americans Very few Americans died in the war.died in the war.

Roosevelt soon Roosevelt soon became President.became President.

The outcome of the warThe outcome of the war

Spain was forced to give up control of its Spain was forced to give up control of its colonies to the United States. colonies to the United States.

America promised those territories America promised those territories independence but broke some of its independence but broke some of its promises. promises.

Cuba eventually got its independence, but Cuba eventually got its independence, but America reserved the right to interfere America reserved the right to interfere with Cuban issues. with Cuban issues.

America became an imperialist power. America became an imperialist power. The U.S. had territories all over the world.The U.S. had territories all over the world.

Revolt in the PhilippinesRevolt in the Philippines

The people of the The people of the Philippines revolted Philippines revolted against the United against the United States. The war States. The war was long and was long and terrible. The terrible. The revolution didn’t revolution didn’t succeed.succeed.

40,000 Filipinos and 40,000 Filipinos and 4,000 Americans 4,000 Americans died in the fighting.died in the fighting.


How did America get colonies all over How did America get colonies all over the world?the world?


Was America doing the right thing Was America doing the right thing when it fought the war against when it fought the war against Spain?Spain?

China and the United StatesChina and the United States For thousands of years, For thousands of years,

China had been a great China had been a great empire. But, China had empire. But, China had a weak government a weak government during the 19th century. during the 19th century. Imperialist nations such Imperialist nations such as Russia, Germany, as Russia, Germany, France, England, and France, England, and Japan took advantage of Japan took advantage of China’s moment of China’s moment of weakness. They divided weakness. They divided China into spheres of China into spheres of influence. Each sphere influence. Each sphere was controlled by one of was controlled by one of those nations. Only they those nations. Only they could do business in could do business in their sphere. their sphere.

The United States did The United States did not have a sphere of not have a sphere of influence in China.influence in China.

China and the United StatesChina and the United StatesMany Americans were Many Americans were

upset, but all had upset, but all had different opinions.different opinions. Some wanted to do Some wanted to do

business in China.business in China. Some wanted to help Some wanted to help

the Chinese get their the Chinese get their independence.independence.

Many American Many American missionaries wanted to missionaries wanted to work in certain spheres work in certain spheres but were not allowed.but were not allowed.

Some Americans Some Americans wanted America to have wanted America to have its own sphere of its own sphere of influence.influence.

The Boxer RebellionThe Boxer Rebellion Many Chinese Many Chinese

people were angry people were angry that foreigners that foreigners were taking control were taking control of their nation. of their nation. They joined a They joined a revolutionary group revolutionary group called the Boxers. called the Boxers. When they attacked When they attacked the foreign bases it the foreign bases it was called the was called the Boxer Rebellion.Boxer Rebellion.

The U.S. helps defeat the BoxersThe U.S. helps defeat the Boxers United States marines used their experience and United States marines used their experience and

modern weapons to help Europeans beat the Boxers. modern weapons to help Europeans beat the Boxers.

The Open Door Policy in The Open Door Policy in ChinaChina

Because it had helped win the war, the U.S. Because it had helped win the war, the U.S. was able to make some demands on both was able to make some demands on both Europe and China.Europe and China. America insisted that China remain an America insisted that China remain an

independent country, although foreigners independent country, although foreigners gained many special “privileges” and the gained many special “privileges” and the Chinese had to pay harsh reparations.Chinese had to pay harsh reparations.

There would be no more spheres of influence. There would be no more spheres of influence. Any nation could do business in China. This Any nation could do business in China. This was called the Open Door Policy.was called the Open Door Policy.

Americans built skyscrapers, factories, bridges, Americans built skyscrapers, factories, bridges, railroads, hospitals, and universities in China.railroads, hospitals, and universities in China.

Memory checkMemory check

How did America eventually get into How did America eventually get into China?China?

What was the Open Door Policy?What was the Open Door Policy?


Was the United States wrong to have Was the United States wrong to have joined the imperialist nations to fight joined the imperialist nations to fight against the Boxers? Explain your against the Boxers? Explain your opinion.opinion.

conclusionconclusion

By 1900, America had become one of the most By 1900, America had become one of the most powerful empires in the world. It had colonies all powerful empires in the world. It had colonies all over. It had one of the strongest armies and over. It had one of the strongest armies and navies.navies.

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Chapter 23 1800 to 1900 The United States Becomes a World Power