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CABLES AND CONNECTORS
Chapter 2
OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this chapter, you should
be able to: Select & install cables for connecting to a dial-up
network Select & install cables for connecting to an
Ethernet network Identify network cables by sight or name Identify network cable speed capabilities by
name Identify network connectors by sight or name Given a scenario and networking requirements,
select and install cables for communication between computers and networking devices
Troubleshoot issues with networking media
TWISTED PAIR
2.1
USING TWISTED PAIR Pairs of copper wire wrapped in
insulation, twisted around each other Electrical pulses Inexpensive & easy to work with
Look up a 500ft roll of Cat6 cable
THE TWISTS Crosstalk
Small amount of electricity leaks & jumps to other wires
Problem if you have wires close to each other
Twisting cancels out crosstalk
TWISTED PAIR
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Less expensive Very flexible Easy to run Newer, faster
standards designed to run on twisted pair
Thin outer covering EMI
Keep away from fluorescent lights
Distance limit Possible
eavesdropping
TYPES OF TWISTED PAIR CABLES Cat3
Old, slow (10Mbps) Cat5
100Mbps Cat5e
1000Mbps/1GbpsBetter against crosstalk/EMI
Cat61Gbps & up10Gbps not recommendedMust use shorter lengths or use Cat6a
TWISTED PAIR CONNECTORS RJ11
4 connectors, 2 pairs of wirePhone/DSL
RJ458 connectors, 4 pairs of wireEthernet
REVIEW- 5Q Category 6 cables have how many wires in
them? 8
Which connector is used for phone cables? RJ11
Which connector is used for Ethernet? RJ45
Why are twisted pair cabling wires twisted? To reduce crosstalk
When installing twisted pair cabling, what would you keep it away from? Fluorescent lights
ACTIVITY TestOut Lab 2.1.3
Connect to an Ethernet Network
Quiz on 2.1.4
COAXIAL CABLE
2.2
COAXIAL- QUICK OVERVIEW Used in very early Ethernet & now for TV
Wireless antenna connectionsCable Internet
Shielding Thicker cable BNC or F-connector RG-6 (current cable TV), RG-59 (older
cable TV), RG-58 (old Ethernet)
COAXIAL
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Pretty resistant to EMI
Harder to physically damage
More expensive to install
Thicker than twisted pair
Less flexible & harder to install than twisted pair
High speed networking doesn’t support coax
ACTIVITY TestOut
2.2.3 Connect a Cable Modem Lab
2.2.4 Quiz
REVIEW- 4Q What kind of common connectors would
be on a coax cable? F or BNC
What kind of signal travels on a coax cable? Electricity
If you have a cable modem, what type of coax cable do you have? RG-6
Which cable protects against EMI better, RG-6 or Cat 5e? RG-6
REVIEW- 5Q What connector would be on a Cat 5 or 6 cable?
RJ45 What in the ceiling could “mess up” the electrical
signal in an UTP cable? Fluorescent lights, electrical boxes/equipment
An electrical motor near a UTP cable causes what kind of interference? EMI
Signals from one cable jump into another. What problem is this? Crosstalk
What is the solution to prevent crosstalk on UTP? Twisting of the pairs
FIBER OPTIC CABLE
2.3
FIBER OPTIC Transmits pulses of light
Laser or LED Glass or plastic core No EMI/RFI; no lightning
attraction Used for high speed & long
distanceLAN backboneConnect ISP to Internet
2 fibers cables usedTransmit & receive
FIBER OPTIC CABLE
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Resistant to EMI No way to
eavesdrop on the signal
Fast speeds
Very expensive Used in backbone Fragile cable Difficult to attach
connector to cable
TYPES OF FIBER CABLES Multimode
LEDMany paths of light (thick)Used in LANs/Campuses
2000 meters Less $, used more
Single ModeLaser lightSingle, thin path of lightConnects backbone/NOCs
3000 meters More $, faster speed
FIBER CONNECTORS
ACTIVITY-USE LOW OR HIGH
Issue UTP Fiber Optic
Bandwidth
Distance
Immunity to EMI/RFI
Immunity to Electrical Hazards
Media/Connector cost
Installation Skill/Cost
Safety Precautions
ACTIVITY
REVIEW- 3Q Which cable is more expensive, copper
or fiber?Fiber
Which cable allows data to travel further, copper or fiber?Fiber
Why are two strands of fiber used for communication?Light can only travel in one direction at a
time. This will allow for full-duplex.
REVIEW- 3Q What signal travel on a single-mode
cable?Laser
Which cable would be used to go further distances?Single mode
Why would you use fiber between buildings rather than copper?Fiber does not attract lightning
ACTIVITY TestOut
2.3.2- Review Fiber Optic Facts2.3.3- Connect Fiber Optic Cables 1 Lab2.3.4- Connect Fiber Optic Cables 2 Lab2.3.5- Quiz
Professor Messer Videos 1.5 Cable TypesCopper Connectors (8:05)
Copper Cabling (9:28)Straight-Through, Crossover, and Rollover Cables (7:42)
Fiber Connectors (3:51)Fiber Cables (7:37)
Media Converters (3:19)Network Cabling Tools (8:13)
WIRING IMPLEMENTATION
2.4
TYPES OF UTP CABLES Straight-through
We’re going to make them Crossover
We’re going to make them
MAKING UTP CABLES TIA/EIA 568A & 568B
STRAIGHT-THROUGH CABLE 568B to 568B Connect unlike devices
Computer to Hub/Switch Switch to router port
On the PC NIC Pins 1 & 2 transmit Pins 3 & 6 receive
STRAIGHT-THROUGH CABLE Straight-through 568B to 568B
White-Orange Orange White-Green Blue White-Blue Green White-Brown Brown
CROSSOVER CABLE 568A to 568B Like Devices
Switch/hub port to switch/hub portRouter port to router portPC to router portPC to PC
CROSSOVER CABLE Crossover 568B to 568A Change Oranges & Greens
on ONE SIDE!
White-Green Green White-Orange Blue White-Blue Orange White-Brown Brown
REVIEW- 3Q What is the 568B color order?
Wor/Or, WGr/Bl, WBl/Gr, WBr/Br For speeds of 1000Mbps or more, what
Category cable should be used?Cat 6
What cable…Goes between same devices?
CrossoverGoes from PC to switch?
Straight throughGoes from serial to console port?
Rollover
REVIEW- 3Q What colors do you change for a
crossover cable?Oranges & greens
What pairs transmit?1 & 2
What pairs receive?3 & 6
WIRING DISTRIBUTION Demarc
Where Internet & phone line enter your building
Inside your building (your responsibility)
WIRING DISTRIBUTION MDF (Main Distribution
Frame) Main wiring closet near
the demarc
IDF Other wiring closets that
connect to the MDF Connect to MDF using
vertical cabling (VCC) or going up
IDFs connect to each other using horizontal cabling (HCC)
PATCH PANEL Jacks from this room go to IDF and into a
patch panel Allows you to connect wires to a punch-
down block, then use patch cables to connect to a switchGives you flexibility in moving cablesAllows for easy labeling
PUNCH DOWN BLOCK Using punch down tool
ACTIVITY Practice a Punch Down on a Patch Panel
TestOut2.4.6- Connect Patch Panel Cables 1 Lab2.4.7- Connect Patch Panel Cables 2 Lab2.4.8- Quiz
REVIEW- 5Q What is the point of where the service provider’s
wiring enters your building? Demarc
The fiber cable running down the street has been cut. Whose responsibility is it to fix it? Service provider
Near the demarc is the point where everything in your network comes together. What is this area called? MDF
There are 2 wiring closets on this floor that connect together. What are they called & what cabling connects them? IDF & Horizontal cabling
What cabling connects an IDF to the MDF? Vertical cabling
TROUBLESHOOT NETWORK MEDIA
2.5
COPPER WIRING ISSUES Interference
Unwanted signalsEMI causes (generators, transformers, high-
power lines, fluorescent lights)
ELIMINATE INTERFERENCE Use fiber instead of copper Use STP cable
CROSSTALK Signal jumps from one wire to another
within the cable & disrupts the data
NEXTMeasurement of crosstalk at one connector
end FEXT
Measurement of crosstalk on other end
PREVENTING CROSSTALK Properly connected connectors Maintain the twists
When putting on a connectorAt the punch down block
ATTENUATION Loss of signal strength over long cable
runs
Prevent itDon’t exceed max distance of cableEthernet is 100m max!Keep out of very hot areasUse a repeater if necessary (amplifies the
signal)
SHORTS & OPENS Shorts
Signal hops to another exposed wireSignal grounds out (nail through wire)
OpensBreak in wire
SPLIT PAIR Wires may go to correct pins but twists
with wrong cable to cancel signal out (prevent crosstalk)
TROUBLESHOOTING FIBER Connector issues
Use right connector so fiber lines upDirty connector or jack prevents light/signal
Cable issuesBending cable too tight breaks the coreMismatch of single/multimode cable= 99%
loss
Signal LossCable length, connectors, splices
TROUBLESHOOTING TOOLS Loopback plug
Cable Tester
Review TestOut
2.5.5
REVIEW- 3Q The signal on your 400ft UTP run gets weak
at the destination, causing the signal to be unreadable. What is the problem? Attenuation
Unwanted signals are added to your Ethernet cable running over fluorescent lights. What’s the problem? EMI
The Ethernet cable you made is having problems. Signals are jumping from one wire in the cable to another in the cable. What’s the problem? Crosstalk
ACTIVITY Watch Professor Messer Videos
4.4 – Copper Cable IssuesTroubleshooting Copper Cables (6:19)Troubleshooting Signal Loss (6:15)Troubleshooting Network Cabling (4:27)
4.5 – Fiber IssuesTroubleshooting Fiber Issues (5:11)
REVIEW & STUDY Complete the study guide handout
Take all quizzes on TestOut
Jeopardy review
CABLES AND CONNECTORS
Chapter 2