Chapter-2Theory & History of Management

Chapter outline

• Precursors to Management Theory

• The Classical Management Perspective

• The Behavioral Management Perspective

• The Quantitative Management Perspective

The Classical Management Perspective

• Scientific Management: Concerned with improving the performance of individual workers. Noted pioneers of scientific management were Frederick Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Henry Gantt, and Harrington Emerson.

Steps in Scientific Management

Scientifically select employeesAnd then train them to do the Job as step-1

Supervise employees to make Sure they follow the prescribedMethods for performing their jobs

Continue to plan the workBut use workers to get the Work done

Develop a science for eachelement of the job to replaceold rule-of-thumb methods

Administrative Management

Focuses on managing the total organization to make it more efficient and effective. Prominent administrative management theorists were Henri Fayol, Lindall Urwick, Max Weber and Chester Barnerd.

The Behavioral Management Perspective

Emphasizes individual attitudes and behaviors & group processes and recognizes the importance of behavioral processes in the workplace. Prominent contributors are Elton Mayo, Abraham Maslow, Douglas McGragor.

The Hawthorne Studies

Elton Mayo, Western Electric’s Hawthorne Plant (1927-1932). Series of Early experiments that focused on behavior in the workplace.

The Human Relations Movement

Proposed that workers respond primarily to the social context of the workplace, including social conditioning, group norms and interpersonal dynamics.

• Theory X

• Theory Y