Upload
elinor-mcbride
View
217
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
CHAPTER 2The World Today
STONE AGE PEOPLE
Learned to make stone tools and weapons
Nomadsmigrated across a wide area
adapted to different climates and landforms
Agricultural Revolutionlearned to farm and domesticate
animalsled to permanent communitiessupported larger populationsdevelopment of new forms of
government
First Civilizations
Nile River ValleyIndus Valley
Huang He Valley
Common Features
Well-organized governmentsComplex religions
Specialized skills and jobsSocial classes
Methods of record keeping
The World in 1300
Islamic rule from Spain to ChinaAztecs in Mexico
Incas in South AmericaSmall European kingdoms
Emergence of Europe
Late 1400s Beginning of the Renaissance
Rediscovered the learning of ancient civilizationsScientific discoveries and practical inventions
Adapted technologies - DiffusionFrom barter economy to money economy
Spain, Portugal, England, France built colonial empires
Mid-1700sSecond Agricultural Revolution and Industrial Revolution
Agricultural Revolution
Main CausesNew plants from the Americas
Improved farming methodsNew farm machines
Industrial Revolution
Key FeaturesMachines replaced hand tools
Steam and electricity took the place of human and animal power
Imperialism
Industrialization set off a new wave of European expansion overseasNeed for raw materials
Need for new markets for manufactured goods
Imperialism control by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of
another country or region Westernization
adoption of western culture Imperialist nations felt that western culture was better than the
cultures of other regionsEuropean efforts to transform other cultures met with limited
successNationalism
pride in and loyalty to one’s countryNationalism spread in Africa, Asia, and Latin America
Leaders fought to end foreign control
The Developing World
Economic Patterns
Imperialist encouraged people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America to grow cash crops
Then sold manufactured goods to less-developed countriesless developed countries became dependent on the imports
local economies based on crafts declined
Goals of Modernization
Political StabilityEconomic Diversity
Education and Services
Loans and Debt
Developing countries need money to modernizebecomes necessary to borrow from wealthy nations
World financial crisis means borrower nations can not pay debtLender nations have tried debt relief
Lender nations have become cautious in making loans
Problems of Development
Population Explosionmore than 3/4 of the world population live in the developing world
Why the explosion?Improved health care
Traditions and religious beliefs about large families
Urbanization
Push to industrialize leads to rapid growth of citiesPuts strain on cities
Cannot keep up with needsHousing, schools, basic health and sanitation services
Rapid population growth and failure to modernize has widened the gap between developing and developed nations
Growing Interdependence
International and Regional Organizations
United Nations (UN)
Organization of American States (OAS)
African Union (AU)
Issues of Global Concern
Refugees
Hundreds of thousands flee every year
Flee to escape poverty, war, harsh governments
Drug Trade
PovertyCan only be ended by nations
working together
Terrorism
Driven by extreme political or religious causes
Violence to achieve political goals
Environment
Threats to the environmentDestruction of rainforest
Pollution of water, air, soilChemical and nuclear plant
accidents
Global Economy
Economic links have grown stronger
Events in one region can affect the world
Human Rights
Helsinki Agreement
Basic Human RightsFreedom of speech, religion and
the press
Technology and the Future
Development of hard crops to feed the world’s populationNew Medicines to combat disease
Work to predict or control natural disastersRapid cultural change because of the Internet, cell phones,
fiber optics