Chapter 2, lesson 2

How Organisms are Classified

Living things

• Living things are more like other living things than they are like non-living things.– Ex. A tree is more like a cat than a car

• They can also be very different from each other.– Ex. Cat and shark and plant

Living things

• Scientists divide the world of living things into five groups = kingdoms– Plant

– Animal

– Protist

– Fungi

– Monera

Living things

• Classified (grouped) based on how they are alike

• The study of living things = biology

• Science of classifying organisms based on the features they share = taxonomy.

The Plant Kingdom

• Examples: trees, ferns, grasses, and mosses

Plants

• Plants can’t move from place to place.

Plants

• Plants make their own food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, and minerals.– Photosynthesis

Plants

• All plants have many cells.– Cells organized into tissues and organs.– Many plants have organs =

• Roots• Stem• Leaves

The Animal Kingdom

• Examples: humans, dogs, fish, coral, sponges, insects, birds, lizards, frogs.

Animals

• Animals can’t make their own food.– They get their food by eating plants or other

animals that eat plants.

Animals

• Most animals move around from place to place (at least one point in their life).– They move to get food, find shelter, escape

danger, find a mate, during reproduction.

Animals

• All animals have many cells.– Cells form tissues in all animals (except

sponges)– In most animals, tissues form organs.

• Heart, lungs, stomach, brain

The Protist Kingdom

• When biologists used a microscope, they discovered tiny organisms.– Microorganisms – organisms that can only be

seen with a microscope.– These organisms didn’t fit into the plant or

animal kingdom.

Protist

• Most have only one cell, a few have many cells.

• Divided into the plant-like protists, animal-like protists, and both animal and plant-like protists.

Plant-like Protists

• Plant like protists – algae– Make their own food (like plants)– Can’t move from place to place (like plants)– Live in lakes, streams, rivers, ponds, and

oceans.

Plant like Protists

• Algae are the food for the organisms that live in the waters of the world.– Green film on top of ponds = algae– Larger algae = seaweed

• Al.so produce sugars (food) that other organisms use (photosynthesis)

Animal-like Protists

• Animal-like protists – protozoans– Get food – absorb food from other sources.– Moves from place to place.

• Methods of movement

– Cilia

– Flagella

– pseudopod

Methods of movement

• Cilia: hair like structures that beat like boat paddles.---move materials

Methods of Movement

• Flagellum (flagella): whip like structure, a tail that moves back and forth---movement

Methods of Movement

• Pseudopoda: a false foot that amoebas push out to move.

Protists

• Protists live in water, soil, and bodies of animals.– Ex. Paramecium, amoebas, giardia

• Most are harmless– some cause disease – giardia.

Plant and animal like protists

• Make their own food when sunlight is present.

• Get or absorb food when sunlight is not present.

The Fungi Kingdom

The Fungi Kingdom

• Most have many cells

• Don’t move around by themselves

• Absorb food from other organisms– Fungi release special chemicals on dead plants

and animals.– Chemicals break down, or decompose, the

matter.• Fungi absorbs the decomposed matter.

Fungi

• Some of the decomposed matter gets in the soil and other organisms can use it.

• Some fungi are parasites – absorb food from living organisms.– Can harm plants: Dutch elm disease.– Can harm animals – ringworm

• Examples: mushroom and mold.

The Monera Kingdom

• Monera = alone– Only one kind of organism in this kingdom =

• Bacteria

Monera

• Usually single (one) celled

• Some can move and get food.

• Some don’t move and they make their own food.

• Cells of monerans are unlike other kingdoms in that:

Monera

• They don’t have organelles!

Monera

• Some cause disease – strep throat

• Most are harmless or even beneficial (helpful).– Decompose (break down) animal and plant

remains.– Used to make cheese and yogurt.– Clean up chemical spills – eat chemicals and

turn them into something less harmful.