Chapter 2 - Dr. English, Leadership

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The Art of Educational LeadershipBalancing Performance and Accountability

Chapter Two: Archetypes of Leadership in the Human Experience

William Allan Kritsonis, PhD



Joseph Campbells Universal Life Leadership Journey

The Origins of Leadership



Personal Leadership Journey: Miyamoto Musashi

Musashi believed that great warriors (leaders) needed to create a calm and stableplatform called bujutsu. It is a form of mental self control that is necessary beforecontrol can be exerted over other people and situations. (Preventive awareness)

Steps to attaining the proper mental attitude included:

Determine what is correct and true.

Place science into daily practice

.

Know the arts. Honor the crafts.

Realize that everything has positives and negatives. Search them out.

Acquire the capacity to observe things accurately.

Know that important things are not always obvious.

Attend to the smallest detail.

Avoid extraneous activities.

Point to Ponder: Do we see present-day implications for leadership and decision

making within Musashis guidelines?



Personal Leadership Journey: Miyamoto Musashi

Musashi also placed great emphasis on the physical attributes needed to

master the craft of leadership. Referred to as ken jutsu (Japanese for art of

the sword), it involves knowledge, moves, and sleights of hand required in

master swordplay.

Both bujutsu (mental) and ken jutsu (physical) comprise an archetype of leadership with correlates rooted in our present-day leadership style.



Barbers Presidential Leadership Model

Character How a person faces him or herself World View How a leader perceives his or her environment

Style The way a leader acts upon his or her world view

Power Situation Political forces already in play when a person assumes a

leadership role

Climate of Expectations The predominant needs thrust up to a leader by

the people

- Reassurance: People need to feel that everything will be okay

- Requirement of the people to feel as if the leader will engage in progress

and action

- Legitimacy : No politics as usual the people need to feel as if the new

leader will take the moral high ground



Barbers Presidential

Leadership Model, contd.

Leadership Types Characteristics

Active-Positive Motivated by results; supremely goal

oriented

Active-Negative Strongly upwardly mobile, seeks power as

a reward. Perfectionist; only goal is to gainpower and retain it

Passive-Positive Low self esteem; only want to be admired

and loved. Run from conflict and resort to

protocol to make decisions

Passive-Negative Believe they should be leading because

they think they should be. Only meaning

in an otherwise useless life.

Point to Ponder: Can you think of educational leaders for whom you have

worked or know who fit into one of Barbers 4 leadership types?



The American Monomyth

Idyllic setting in small town America (Eden)an ordinary existence until normalcy is

threatened by evil

A superhero must resolve the conflict (lawman, stranger, Superman)

Redemptive resolution Townspeople are saved by vigilantes or a stranger who disappear

into the sunset when the danger has passed

Americans have long held their form of government and their way of life to be under attackby vicious despots and dictators

- Declaration of Independence

- September 11, 2001

They (myths) are the real glue that holds peoples and nations together. For many, they are

integral in sustaining personal and social psychic health. In the Western world, the myth

supports the system or the establishment, and the establishment in turn sanctions themyth.

Point to Ponder: What influence does the American Monomyth carry in

educational leadership?



The Role of the Female in

Leadership Archetypes

Noted author Patricia Reilly ( A God Who Looks Like Me) shined a painful

light on the history of religion and the role of women.

Early images of God as the Father and of the immoral first woman Eve,

combined with male savior figures such as Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed

helped lay the early groundwork for female, guilt, submission, andacceptance of men as the natural leaders of women. They became

enormous psychic barriers for women and gave men a false sense of their

natural leadership abilities.

Despite our understanding of gender stereotypes, the characteristics

traditionally associated with women are at odds with the characteristicstraditionally associated with leadership.

Leadership biases are even more prevalent against women of color, gays,

bisexuals, and transgendered persons in educational administration



Concluding Thoughts

The point that should be internalized from this chapter is how

our past has shaped our present in terms of leadership. How

we proceed in the future depends largely upon the act of

coming to grips with yourself, who you are, where you are,

and what is of value to you, and shaping yourself by acts of

conscious will into what you want to become.

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Chapter 2 - Dr. English, Leadership