Chapter 16

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What personal characteristics and events in Gregor Mendel's life significantly contributed to his ultimate contribution to the study of

inheritance?

A. His training in physics and mathematics at the University of Vienna.

B. He failed his physics exam.C. He failed his natural history exam.D. He got his teaching license at the age of 21.E. He got a job as a substitute teacher and

enjoyed it. His tra

ining in phys

ics a..

He faile

d his physic

s exa

m.

He faile

d his natu

ral hist

...

He got h

is teach

ing lice

ns...

He got a

job as

a substi

tu..

63%

13% 13%

0%

13%

Mating a purebred Labrador retriever to a purebred poodle to produce "Labradoodles" is an example of

A. true-breeding.B. hybridization.C. self-fertilizing.D. inbreeding.E. mixed breeding.

true-bre

eding.

hybrid

ization.

self-

fertiliz

ing.

inbreeding.

mixed bre

eding.

13%

56%

13%19%

0%

Which of these is NOT a reason that Mendel used pea plants as a model to study inheritance?

A. There are many varieties with distinct and different characteristics.

B. They cannot self-fertilize.C. It is easy to control cross-fertilizations.D. The varieties he chose would show the same

variant for a trait in generation after generation.

E. They have large flowers.There are m

any varie

ties...

They cannot s

elf-ferti

lize.

It is e

asy to

contro

l cro

ss...

The varieties h

e chose

w...

They have la

rge flowers.

0%

56%

38%

6%0%

Which of the following are incorrectly matched for a single-factor cross?

A. P generation / true breedingB. F1 generation / monohybrid

C. F2 generation / result of F1 cross

D. F1 generation / result of P cross

E. F2 generation / result of P cross

P generation /

true bre

e...

F1 genera

tion / monohybrid

F2 genera

tion / resu

lt of ..

F1 genera

tion / resu

lt of ..

.

F2 genera

tion / resu

lt of ..

.

13%

0%

44%

6%

38%

A cross of a true-breeding smooth pod and yellow pod plants results in all smooth pod offspring. This indicates that

A. yellow is dominant and smooth is recessive.B. smooth is dominant and yellow is recessive.C. yellow and smooth are not alleles.D. yellow and smooth are variants of the same

gene.E. two of the answers are correct. Yellow and

smooth are variants of the same gene, and smooth is the dominant trait.yello

w is dominant a

nd...

smooth

is dominant a

nd ...

yellow and sm

ooth are n..

yellow and sm

ooth are v...

two of t

he answers

are c.

..

6%

31%

56%

0%6%

Participant LeadersPoints Participant Points Participant4 17 2 84 20 2 14 10 1 324 19 1 73 22 1 133 21 1 112 22 122 142 15

A male is heterozygous for the trait that produces freckles on the skin, and he has freckles. If he marries a woman who is also heterozygous for freckles, ______ percent of their children

will be freckled and __________ percent of their children will be heterozygous.

A. 100% freckled, 100% heterozygousB. 75% freckled, 50% heterozygousC. 75% freckled, 25% heterozygousD. 50% freckled, 50% heterozygousE. 100% freckled, 75% heterozygous

100% freck

led, 100% het..

.

75% freck

led, 50% hete

r...

75% freck

led, 25% hete

r...

50% freck

led, 50% hete

r...

100% freck

led, 75% hete

...

13%

19%

0%

38%

31%

How can you determine the genotype of a plant showing the dominant phenotype of red color? A. The phenotype reflects the genotype, so the plant must be

homozygous for the trait.B. Cross the red plant with a white plant to see if any white

plants appear.C. Cross the red plant with other red plants to see if any

white plants appear.D. Cross the red plant with a white plant to see how many red

plants appear.E. Cross the red plant with another red plant, and then cross

the F1 population with each other to see if any white plants appear. The phenotype re

flects t.

.

Cross

the re

d plant with

..

Cross

the re

d plant with

...

Cross

the re

d plant with

...

Cross

the re

d plant with

...

13%

25% 25%

31%

6%

The single-factor crosses performed by Mendel support the observation that

A. the two alleles for a given gene are distributed randomly among an individual's gametes.

B. the two alleles for a given gene are found within the same gamete.

C. if the recessive alleles for two different genes are on the same chromosome, they will never be found within the same gamete.

D. only the dominant alleles for a given trait are found in an organism's gametes.

E. if the dominant alleles for two different genes are on different chromosomes, they will never be found within the same gamete.

the tw

o alleles f

or a gi

ve...

the tw

o alleles f

or a gi

ve...

if the re

cessi

ve alle

les for..

.

only the dominant a

lleles..

.

if the dominant a

lleles f

o...

56%

13%19%

6%6%

The two-factor crosses performed by Mendel support the observation that

A. alleles for a given trait are distributed randomly among an individual's gametes independent of the alleles for other traits.

B. traits that are encoded by genes on different chromosomes are never found within the same gamete.

C. the F1 generation can display phenotypes in combinations different from those seen in the P generation.

D. the F2 generation will only display phenotypes in the same combinations as the P generation.

E. self-fertilization of the F1 generation will produce 100% heterozygous plants at both loci.

alleles f

or a give

n trait a

r...

traits

that a

re encoded b...

the F1

genera

tion can di...

the F2

genera

tion will

on..

self-

fertiliz

ation of the F...

27%

20%

0%

7%

47%

An organism that is heterozygous for two traits can produce a maximum of _______ different gametes for these traits.

A. 2B. 4C. 2; if they are on the same chromosomeD. 4; only if they are on different chromosomesE. 8

2 4

2; if th

ey are on th

e sam...

4; only if

they ar

e on diff...

8

13%

25% 25%

19%19%

Participant LeadersPoints Participant Points Participant7 22 3 137 17 3 17 19 2 325 10 2 74 12 2 144 20 2 114 154 213 23 8

Which of the following INCORRECTLY states a principle of the chromosome theory of inheritance?

A. Genes are transmitted from parent to offspring via chromosomes.

B. Gametes contain either a maternal or paternal set of chromosomes.

C. Somatic cells contain a maternal and paternal set of chromosomes.

D. The paternal and maternal chromosomes assort randomly during meiosis.

E. Gametes are haploid and somatic cells are diploid.Genes a

re tr

ansmitt

ed fr..

Gametes c

ontain either .

..

Somatic cells

conta

in a ...

The paternal

and mate

rn..

Gametes a

re haploid and...

0%

21%

0%

43%

36%

A homologous pair of sister chromatids will possess _______ copies of the alleles for each locus.

A. 2B. 4C. 8D. 1E. 50% of the

2 4 8 1

50% of the

44%

38%

19%

0%0%

Which of the following accurately gives the distribution of phenotypes produced from a cross of purple dwarf pea plants that are heterozygous for

flower color and plant height?

A. 63 purple dwarf; 28 purple tall; 27 white dwarf; 7 white tall

B. 132 purple dwarf; 138 white tallC. 54 purple dwarf; 6 white tallD. 100% purple dwarfE. 27 purple dwarf; 28 purple tall; 31 white

dwarf; 29 white tall63 purp

le dwarf; 28 purp

l...

132 purple dwarf

; 138 w

h...

54 purple dwarf;

6 white

tall

100% purple dwarf

27 purple dwarf;

28 purpl...

50%

0%

31%

6%

13%

What features of meiosis allow for independent assortment of chromosomes?

A. random alignment of homologous sister chromatids on the metaphase plate

B. separation of sister chromatidsC. reduction of chromosome number from diploid to

haploidD. both the separation of sister chromatids and the

reduction of chromosome number from diploid to haploid

E. All of these features allow for the independent assortment of chromosomes.

random alig

nment of h

...

separati

on of sist

er chro

...

reducti

on of chro

mosom...

both th

e separation of s

i...

All of t

hese fe

ature

s allo

...

19%

6%

56%

19%

0%

The probability of obtaining a dominant phenotype from self-fertilization of a heterozygous individual is

A. 1/4B. 1/2C. 3/4D. 100%

1/1/1

900

1/1/1

901

1/1/1

902

1/1/1

903

1/1/1

904

1/1/1

905

1/1/1

906

1/1/1

907

1/1/1

908

1/1/1

909

1/1/1

910

0%

5 More Questions…Points Participant Points Participant10 17 4 810 19 4 218 22 3 328 10 3 145 12 3 15 20 2 115 75 134 24 15

Cytogenetic is

1 2 3 4

6% 6%0%

88%

1. A photographic representation of chromosome. 2. The field of genetics that involves the

microscopic examination of the chromosomes and cell division.

3. The sorting process to divide one cell nucleus into two nuclei.

4. The process by which the haploid cells are produced from a cell that was originally diploid.

DNA associates very tightly with nucleosomes because

1 2 3 4

13%

6%

13%

69%1. DNA can form covalent bonds with histone proteins.2. negative charges on DNA are attracted to positive

charges of the histone proteins.3. the histone tails wrap tightly around the DNA

double helix.4. the amino acids of histone proteins are largely

acidic, while DNA molecules are basic.

During metaphase,

1 2 3 4 5

6% 6%

13%

6%

69%1. heterochromatin is converted to

euchromatin.2. chromosomes are about 30 nm wide.3. chromosomes are much shorter than they

were in interphase.4. chromosomes undergo gene transcription.5. the "beads on a string" structure is visible.

Which of the following statements is correct about the cell cycle?

1 2 3 4

7%

87%

0%7%

1. The cell cycle is a sequence of replication and division that produces a new cells.

2. The phase of the cell cycle are G1, S, and M phases.3. In actively dividing cells, the S and G2 phases are

collectively known as interphase.4. When the S phase of the cell cycle is finished, a cell

actually has twice as many chromatids as the number of chromosomes in the G1 phase.

Humans have __________ different types of autosomes.

1 2 3 4 5

6%0%

19%

75%

0%

1. 462. 443. 234. 225. 11

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