Chapter 16: First Global Age - Europe, the Americas, & Africa Section 1: Conquest in the Americas Section 2: Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in North America

Chapter 16:Chapter 16:First Global Age - Europe, First Global Age - Europe,

the Americas, & Africathe Americas, & Africa

Section 1: Conquest in the AmericasSection 1: Conquest in the Americas

Section 2: Spanish & Portuguese Section 2: Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in Colonies in North North AmericaAmerica

Section 3: Struggle For North AmericaSection 3: Struggle For North America

Section 1: Conquest in the Section 1: Conquest in the AmericasAmericas

In In 14921492 , Christopher Columbus , Christopher Columbus landed in the West Indieslanded in the West Indies• At first the Native Americans were At first the Native Americans were

friendly and generous toward the friendly and generous toward the SpanishSpanish– However these feelings did not lastHowever these feelings did not last


The Spanish soon forced the The Spanish soon forced the Indians to work for themIndians to work for them• Many Indians died from cruel Many Indians died from cruel

treatmenttreatment


Many Spanish Many Spanish conquistadorsconquistadors, or , or conquerors followed Columbus to conquerors followed Columbus to the Americasthe Americas• They came to find richesThey came to find riches• They wanted to convert Native They wanted to convert Native

Americans to ChristianityAmericans to Christianity• Within a few years the Spanish had Within a few years the Spanish had

conquered many Native American conquered many Native American civilizationscivilizations


Hernan CortesHernan Cortes defeated the defeated the powerful Aztec empirepowerful Aztec empire

Francisco PizarroFrancisco Pizarro destroyed the destroyed the Incan empire in PeruIncan empire in Peru


The Spanish were able to conquer these The Spanish were able to conquer these empires quickly for several reasonsempires quickly for several reasons• WeaponsWeapons

– HorsesHorses– Advanced weaponryAdvanced weaponry

• Native American AlliesNative American Allies• DiseasesDiseases

– Killed millions Killed millions – Made Native Americans believe their gods had Made Native Americans believe their gods had

deserted themdeserted them

Section 2: Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in Section 2: Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in North AmericaNorth America

The Spanish introduced new forms The Spanish introduced new forms of government, religion, economy, of government, religion, economy, and culture to the Americasand culture to the Americas• Government = KingGovernment = King• Religion = ChristianityReligion = Christianity• Economy = Plantation SystemEconomy = Plantation System• Culture = Class StructureCulture = Class Structure


Government = KingGovernment = King• The Spanish King picked people he The Spanish King picked people he

trusted to run the colonial trusted to run the colonial governmentsgovernments

• He allowed the colonies to trade He allowed the colonies to trade onlyonly with Spainwith Spain


Religion = ChristianityReligion = Christianity• Church leaders helped to run the Church leaders helped to run the

governmentgovernment• They also worked to convert Native They also worked to convert Native

Americans to ChristianityAmericans to Christianity


Economy = Plantation SystemEconomy = Plantation System• Growing sugar cane became a large Growing sugar cane became a large

businessbusiness– At first, Native Americans were forced to work At first, Native Americans were forced to work

on sugar plantationson sugar plantations– PlantationPlantation - large estates run by an owner or - large estates run by an owner or

overseeroverseer

– They were treated cruelly and many diedThey were treated cruelly and many died– The first slaves from Africa were brought in by The first slaves from Africa were brought in by

the Spanish to replace the Native American the Spanish to replace the Native American workforceworkforce


Culture = Class StructureCulture = Class Structure

Most Power Fewest PeoplePeninsularies (people born in Spain)

Creoles (people of European decent born in the colonies

Mestizos (people of mixed Native American & European descent)

Mulattoes (people of mixed African & European descent)

Native American & people of African Descent

Section 3: Struggle For Section 3: Struggle For North AmericaNorth America

During the late 1600s, the French During the late 1600s, the French settled Canadasettled Canada• They called their colony New FranceThey called their colony New France

– Settlers their were traders and fur Settlers their were traders and fur trapperstrappers

– They worked and lived with Native AmericansThey worked and lived with Native Americans

French fur

trapper

Section 3: Struggle For North Section 3: Struggle For North AmericaAmerica

England also set up colonies in England also set up colonies in North AmericaNorth America• Large numbers of settlers came to Large numbers of settlers came to

these coloniesthese colonies– Some came to make a profitSome came to make a profit– Others hope to own land for the first timeOthers hope to own land for the first time– Some, like the Pilgrim sought religious Some, like the Pilgrim sought religious

freedomfreedom


The English kings wanted to keep The English kings wanted to keep strict control over their coloniesstrict control over their colonies• However, the English allowed their However, the English allowed their

colonies to have more freedom than colonies to have more freedom than did the French or Spanishdid the French or Spanish

+

= $$$


English colonists were allowed a English colonists were allowed a measure of self-governmentmeasure of self-government• Each colony had an Each colony had an assemblyassembly, or , or

legislaturelegislature– Its members were elected by men who Its members were elected by men who

owned property in the colonyowned property in the colony– The assembly advised the Royal Governor and The assembly advised the Royal Governor and

made lawsmade laws


During the 1700s, France and During the 1700s, France and Britain (England) fought for power Britain (England) fought for power and territory all over the worldand territory all over the world• In the Americas they fought each In the Americas they fought each

other in the other in the French & Indian WarFrench & Indian War– The British finally won in 1763The British finally won in 1763


In the In the Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris (1763), (1763), France was forced to give up France was forced to give up Canada Canada • Thus England gained control of much Thus England gained control of much

of North Americanof North American


The Big Idea:The Big Idea:• During the 1700s, England and During the 1700s, England and

France claimed lands in North France claimed lands in North AmericaAmerica

• They fought numerous wars, in which They fought numerous wars, in which England was eventually victoriousEngland was eventually victorious

The Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange• The The Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration is a is a

turning point in history because turning point in history because it altered the way people lived it altered the way people lived across the worldacross the world

• The biggest aspect of this The biggest aspect of this change deals with the exchange change deals with the exchange of of peoplepeople, , plantsplants, , animalsanimals, , ideasideas, and , and technologytechnology


This is known as the This is known as the ColumbianColumbian ExchangeExchange, because it starts with , because it starts with Columbus. While many aspects of Columbus. While many aspects of this exchange had positive effects, this exchange had positive effects, such as the exchange of foods such as the exchange of foods between Europe and America, there between Europe and America, there were also negative effects, such as were also negative effects, such as the exchange of diseases between the exchange of diseases between Europe and America Europe and America

Columbian Exchange

From Old World to New World From New World to Old World

• wheat • sugar • bananas • rice • grapes • horses • pigs • cattle • sheep • chickens • smallpox • measles • typhus

• corn • potato • beans • peanuts • squash • pumpkin • tomatoes • avocados • chili pepper • pineapple • cocoa • tobacco • quinine (a medicine for malaria)


The Age of Discovery changed the The Age of Discovery changed the worldworld

Access to new and better foods Access to new and better foods allowed the European population to allowed the European population to grow, and access to the New World grow, and access to the New World gave these people a place to gogave these people a place to go


New World civilizations such as the New World civilizations such as the IncaInca and and AztecsAztecs, faced near total , faced near total destruction of their cultures either destruction of their cultures either through disease brought by the through disease brought by the Europeans, or by colonizationEuropeans, or by colonization


Africa faced a Africa faced a DiasporaDiaspora, or forced , or forced movement of its peoplemovement of its people, as slavery , as slavery became the dominant labor force became the dominant labor force in the Americasin the Americas

The Age of Exploration was both a The Age of Exploration was both a positive and negative experience positive and negative experience for many for many civilizationscivilizations. .

Documents

Chapter 16: First Global Age - Europe, the Americas, & Africa Section 1: Conquest in the Americas Section 2: Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in North America