Chapter 14: Classification

Section 1: Categories of classification

Purpose

to organizing all the biodiversity within the biosphere

ReviewDefine Species: Organisms that reproduce fertile offspring under

natural conditions.

Define Speciation: The creation of a new species through reproductive isolation or divergence (the accumulation of differences between two or more groups)

Relate Homologous structures to evolutionary relationships: Homologous structure show common ancestry or two or more species

Taxonomy

Define Taxonomy: The science of naming and

classification

Example: classifying dresses

Taxonomy

Define Taxonomy: The science of naming and

classification

Example: run play in football

Binomial nomenclature

(Linnaeus)

Define binomial nomenclature: Using a a two

part name to identify a single species

Example: catsFelis

catusFelis manulFelis wiedi

8 levels of classification

ALL living

things

A single

species

Example: Humans, Gorilla, Chimp

Example: how it narrows downAll eukaryotes

All animals

All animals with spinal chords

All mammals

All primates

Page 306: Mythical organisms1. Identify the

characteristics that you

think are the most

useful for grouping the

organisms into

separate groups.

2. Classify the organisms

using a five level

system of

classification. Level 1

should include all the

organisms and Level 5

should be specific

enough to include only

one organism (you will

need 6 Level 5

classifications).

Page 306: Mythical organismsMythical

animal

Mythical

animalMythical

animal

Mythical

animal

Mythical

animal

Mythical

animal