Chapter 13The High Renaissance in Italy

Culture and Values, 6Culture and Values, 6thth Ed. Ed.Cunningham and ReichCunningham and Reich

Popes and Patronage

Vatican as center of wealth, stabilityVatican as center of wealth, stabilityPope Sixtus IVPope Sixtus IV

Ghirlandaio, Botticelli, PeruginoGhirlandaio, Botticelli, PeruginoPope Julius IIPope Julius II

Beginnings of High Renaissance (1503)Beginnings of High Renaissance (1503) ““il papa terribile”il papa terribile” Raphael, MichelangeloRaphael, Michelangelo

Popes and Patronage:Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520)

From Urbino to PerugiaFrom Urbino to Perugia Apprentice to PeruginoApprentice to Perugino

From Perugia to Florence (1505)From Perugia to Florence (1505)Madonna of the MeadowMadonna of the Meadow (1508) (1508)

Pyramidal configurationPyramidal configuration Rationally orderedRationally ordered Modeling of human formsModeling of human forms

Human quality of the divine figureHuman quality of the divine figure

Popes and Patronage:Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520)

From Florence to Vatican (1508)From Florence to Vatican (1508)School of AthensSchool of Athens (1509-1511) (1509-1511)

Symbolic homage to philosophySymbolic homage to philosophy Renaissance idealRenaissance ideal

The TransfigurationThe Transfiguration (1527) (1527)Balance of philosophy and theologyBalance of philosophy and theology

Popes and Patronage:Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)

Tomb for Pope Julius IITomb for Pope Julius IIMosesMoses (1513-1515) (1513-1515)

Divine fury, divine lightDivine fury, divine light TerribilitàTerribilità

Boboli CaptivesBoboli Captives (1527-1528) (1527-1528) Neo-Platonic notion of form and matterNeo-Platonic notion of form and matter Insight into methodsInsight into methods

Popes and Patronage:Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)

The Sistine ChapelThe Sistine Chapel““Michelangelo, Sculptor”Michelangelo, Sculptor”Architectural and thematic motifsArchitectural and thematic motifs InterpretationInterpretation

Neo-PlatonismNeo-Platonism Old Testament and pagan prophetsOld Testament and pagan prophets Complex tree symbolismComplex tree symbolism Human wisdom + God’s revelationHuman wisdom + God’s revelation

Popes and Patronage:Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)

MichelangelesqueMichelangelesque Masculine anatomy, musculatureMasculine anatomy, musculature Physical bulk, linear grace, emotionalityPhysical bulk, linear grace, emotionality Creation of AdamCreation of Adam (1508-1511) (1508-1511) The Last JudgmentThe Last Judgment (1534-1541) (1534-1541)

Medici ChapelMedici Chapel Architectural and sculptural designArchitectural and sculptural design Life, death, resurrectionLife, death, resurrection

Popes and Patronage:Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)

The New Saint Peter’sThe New Saint Peter’sDonato Bramante (1444-1514)Donato Bramante (1444-1514)

TempiettoTempiettoMichelangelo as architect (1546)Michelangelo as architect (1546)

Bramante’s plan Bramante’s plan RRibbed, arched dome ibbed, arched dome Drum to support domeDrum to support dome

The High Renaissance in Venice

Tradition of easel paintingTradition of easel paintingUse of oil paintsUse of oil paints

Brilliance of colorBrilliance of color Subtlety of lightSubtlety of light

Eye for close detailEye for close detailLove of landscapeLove of landscape

The High Renaissance in VeniceGiorgione (c.1477-1510)Giorgione (c.1477-1510)

Venetian Renaissance StyleVenetian Renaissance Style Enthroned Madonna with Saints (1500-1505)Enthroned Madonna with Saints (1500-1505) Le Concert ChampêtreLe Concert Champêtre (c. 1510) (c. 1510)

Titian (c. 1488-1576)Titian (c. 1488-1576) Assumption of the VirginAssumption of the Virgin (1516-1518) (1516-1518) Venus of UrbinoVenus of Urbino (1538) (1538)

Tintoretto (1518-1594)Tintoretto (1518-1594) ““The drawing of Michelangelo and the color of The drawing of Michelangelo and the color of

Titian.”Titian.”

Mannerism

Artistic “mood”Artistic “mood”Frederick Hartt’s schemaFrederick Hartt’s schemaMichelangelo’s mannerist styleMichelangelo’s mannerist style

Night, Day, Dawn,Night, Day, Dawn, and and DuskDusk Laurentian LibraryLaurentian Library The Last JudgmentThe Last Judgment

Mannerism

Jacopo Carucci da Pontormo Jacopo Carucci da Pontormo (1494-1557)(1494-1557) DepositionDeposition (c. 1528) (c. 1528)

Parmigianino (1503-1540)Parmigianino (1503-1540) Madonna of the Long Neck (c. 1535)Madonna of the Long Neck (c. 1535) Implied eroticismImplied eroticism

Inventiveness, restlessnessInventiveness, restlessness

Mannerism

Lavinia Fontana (1552-1614)Lavinia Fontana (1552-1614) Daughter of Bolognese painterDaughter of Bolognese painter Portrait painter (Rome, Bologna)Portrait painter (Rome, Bologna) Exaggerated angles, use of colorExaggerated angles, use of color

Sofonisba Anguissola (1532?-1624)Sofonisba Anguissola (1532?-1624) Renaissance and Baroque mastersRenaissance and Baroque masters Pictorial representationsPictorial representations Contrasts of dark and lightContrasts of dark and light

Music in the Sixteenth Century

Music at the Papal CourtMusic at the Papal CourtSistine Choir and Julian ChoirSistine Choir and Julian Choir

Male voices, Male voices, a capellaa capellaJosquin des Prez (c. 1440-1521)Josquin des Prez (c. 1440-1521)

Sistine Choir, composer and directorSistine Choir, composer and director Motet for four voicesMotet for four voices Structure, balance, lyrical qualityStructure, balance, lyrical quality

Music in the Sixteenth Century

Music at the Papal CourtMusic at the Papal CourtGiovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525-1594)(1525-1594)

Choirmaster of Choirmaster of capella Guiliacapella Guilia 1571-1594 Vatican’s music director1571-1594 Vatican’s music director Conservative masses in response to Catholic Conservative masses in response to Catholic

reform movementreform movement

Music in the Sixteenth CenturyVenetian MusicVenetian Music

Adrian WillaertAdrian Willaert Andrea and Giovanni GabrieliAndrea and Giovanni Gabrieli

Church of St. Mark Church of St. Mark Split choirsSplit choirs Instrumental music in liturgyInstrumental music in liturgy Intonazione, toccataIntonazione, toccata

Intellectual influence of Italian humanismIntellectual influence of Italian humanism

Contrasting Renaissance Voices

Castiglione’s Castiglione’s CourtierCourtier Chivalry, classical Chivalry, classical

virtues, Platonic lovevirtues, Platonic love Uomo universaleUomo universale SprezzaturaSprezzatura Overly refined, Overly refined,

idealized worldviewidealized worldview Elite aristocracyElite aristocracy

Cellini’s Cellini’s AutobiographyAutobiography Violence, intrigue, Violence, intrigue,

sex, egotism, politicssex, egotism, politics Vignettes of all walks Vignettes of all walks

of life; realistic of life; realistic snapshotssnapshots

Insight into methods Insight into methods of the artistof the artist

Chapter Thirteen: Discussion Questions

Compare the artistic developments that took place Compare the artistic developments that took place in Rome and those that took place in Venice. To in Rome and those that took place in Venice. To what can we attribute the differences? Explain.what can we attribute the differences? Explain.

To what extent did Neo-Platonism manifest itself To what extent did Neo-Platonism manifest itself in the works of Michelangelo? Are there traces of in the works of Michelangelo? Are there traces of this philosophy in works of other artists discussed this philosophy in works of other artists discussed in this chapter? Explain, citing specific artists and in this chapter? Explain, citing specific artists and works.works.

How did environmental factors and geography How did environmental factors and geography contribute to Venetian art during the contribute to Venetian art during the Renaissance? Consider both visual and aural arts Renaissance? Consider both visual and aural arts in your discussion.in your discussion.