Chapter 12Chapter 12Transformation Transformation

Around the WorldAround the World

Honors World HistoryHonors World History

C. SimmonsC. Simmons

Chapter 12 Section 1Chapter 12 Section 1

China Resist Outside China Resist Outside InfluenceInfluence

China and the WestChina and the West

• China able to resist due to self-China able to resist due to self-sufficiencysufficiency

• The tea-opium connectionThe tea-opium connection- Opium use was medical until Opium use was medical until

Europeans brought in opium for non-Europeans brought in opium for non-medical usemedical use

- The Opium WarsThe Opium Wars- Led to British Control of Hong KongLed to British Control of Hong Kong- Extraterritorial Rights @ trade portsExtraterritorial Rights @ trade ports

Growing Internal Growing Internal ProblemsProblems

• Problems with population growth – Problems with population growth – food shortagefood shortage

• Taiping Rebellion – Heavenly Taiping Rebellion – Heavenly Kingdom of Great PeaceKingdom of Great Peace

• Fueding in the government led to Fueding in the government led to constant fighting over 20 million constant fighting over 20 million dieddied

Foreign Influence GrowsForeign Influence Grows

• Resistance to change – most people Resistance to change – most people supported traditional wayssupported traditional ways

• Many European countries and Japan Many European countries and Japan gained strong footholds in Chinagained strong footholds in China

• Sphere of influence – area in which Sphere of influence – area in which foreigners controlled trade & foreigners controlled trade & investmentinvestment

• Led to the Open Door PolicyLed to the Open Door Policy

Chinese NationalismChinese Nationalism

• Humiliated with loss of power Humiliated with loss of power Guangxu wants modernizes ChinaGuangxu wants modernizes China

• This threatens Qing power they This threatens Qing power they arrest Guangxuarrest Guangxu

• The Boxer Rebellion – “Death to the The Boxer Rebellion – “Death to the foreign Devils” attack on Beijing, led foreign Devils” attack on Beijing, led o feelings of nationalismo feelings of nationalism

• Led to restructuring of governmentLed to restructuring of government

Chapter 12 Section 2Chapter 12 Section 2

Modernization in Modernization in JapanJapan

Japan ends IsolationJapan ends Isolation

• Japan remained isolated until visit of Japan remained isolated until visit of Matthew Perry – threatened Matthew Perry – threatened Tokugawa shogunate for free trade b/t Tokugawa shogunate for free trade b/t US and JapanUS and Japan

• Meiji Reforms (modernization)– copied Meiji Reforms (modernization)– copied British Navy and German military and British Navy and German military and industry and US education systemindustry and US education system

• Japan became competitive with the Japan became competitive with the WestWest

Imperial JapanImperial Japan

• Modernization improved Japan’s Modernization improved Japan’s military now the strongest in Asiamilitary now the strongest in Asia

• Japan attacks Korea led to Sino-Japan attacks Korea led to Sino-Japanese War - Japan drove China Japanese War - Japan drove China out of Koreaout of Korea

• Change in balance of power in AsiaChange in balance of power in Asia• Russia becomes concernedRussia becomes concerned

Imperial Japan (cont)Imperial Japan (cont)

• Russo-Japanese War – fight over Russo-Japanese War – fight over control of Manchuriacontrol of Manchuria

• Japan destroys Russia Pacific and Japan destroys Russia Pacific and Baltic Fleets, Russia decides to go for Baltic Fleets, Russia decides to go for peacepeace

• Japanese control of KoreaJapanese control of Korea• Japanese occupation was brutal and Japanese occupation was brutal and

ignored by the rest of the worldignored by the rest of the world• Korean nationalist Movement beganKorean nationalist Movement began

Chapter 12 Section 3Chapter 12 Section 3

U.S. EconomicU.S. Economic

ImperialismImperialism

Latin America After Latin America After IndependenceIndependence

• Colonial legacy of the peonage system Colonial legacy of the peonage system kept landowners wealthy and workers kept landowners wealthy and workers nothing more than slavesnothing more than slaves

• Political instability led by the caudillos Political instability led by the caudillos or military dictators led to conflictor military dictators led to conflict

• Caudillos faced little opposition, land Caudillos faced little opposition, land owners supported themowners supported them

• Voting rights were also restricted to Voting rights were also restricted to upper class an wealthy in other upper class an wealthy in other governing countriesgoverning countries

Economies grow under Economies grow under foreign Influenceforeign Influence

• Imported manufactured goods so no Imported manufactured goods so no development of industry, exported development of industry, exported perishable goodsperishable goods

• Mismanagement of investment led to Mismanagement of investment led to debt to foreign powersdebt to foreign powers

• Foreign take over of industriesForeign take over of industries

Latin American EmpireLatin American Empire

• US concern for security led to the….US concern for security led to the….• Monroe Doctrine – No European Monroe Doctrine – No European

powers are allowed to colonize any powers are allowed to colonize any land in Western Hemisphereland in Western Hemisphere

• Little effort to enforce until Cuban Little effort to enforce until Cuban IndependenceIndependence

• Jose Marti led rebellion failed and Jose Marti led rebellion failed and exiled to USexiled to US

Latin American Empire Latin American Empire (cont)(cont)

• US economic stake in Cuba led to Spanish- US economic stake in Cuba led to Spanish- American War - Two front war in Philippines American War - Two front war in Philippines and Cuba, Spanish were quickly defeatedand Cuba, Spanish were quickly defeated

• Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines became Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines became US territoriesUS territories

• Panama was next focus because of strategic Panama was next focus because of strategic location (Panama Canal)location (Panama Canal)

• US provoked revolution and controlled canal US provoked revolution and controlled canal buildingbuilding

• Roosevelt Corollary – US had right to be police Roosevelt Corollary – US had right to be police power in Latin America, extension of M. power in Latin America, extension of M. DoctrineDoctrine

Chapter 12 Section 4Chapter 12 Section 4

Turmoil & Change in Turmoil & Change in MexicoMexico

Santa Anna & Mexican Santa Anna & Mexican WarWar

• Santa Anna became Latin America’s Santa Anna became Latin America’s most powerful caudillo (early 1800’s)most powerful caudillo (early 1800’s)

• Texas Revolt – Mexico encouraged Texas Revolt – Mexico encouraged settlement, settlers wanted self settlement, settlers wanted self government, Mexican army moved government, Mexican army moved North won several battlesNorth won several battles

• The AlamoThe Alamo• Mexican-American War loss doomed Mexican-American War loss doomed

Santa Anna, lost territory Santa Anna, lost territory

Juarez & Juarez & La ReformaLa Reforma

• Juarez reputation of honesty, integrity, Juarez reputation of honesty, integrity, hard work fueled his rise to power (mid hard work fueled his rise to power (mid 1800’s)1800’s)

• La ReformaLa Reforma – separation of church and – separation of church and state, redistribution of land, increased state, redistribution of land, increased educational opportunitieseducational opportunities

• Continued struggle for control b/t Continued struggle for control b/t conservatives and liberalsconservatives and liberals

• French invasion/occupation slowed French invasion/occupation slowed reformsreforms

Porfirio Diaz and “Order & Porfirio Diaz and “Order & Stability”Stability”

• Diaz most powerful caudillo of his Diaz most powerful caudillo of his time, elections were meaningless, time, elections were meaningless, Diaz played favors (late 1800’s)Diaz played favors (late 1800’s)

• Followed Juarez with one distinct Followed Juarez with one distinct difference of no libertydifference of no liberty

• Use of dictatorial powers ensured Use of dictatorial powers ensured order, but lef most Mexicans poor order, but lef most Mexicans poor and hungryand hungry

Revolution & Civil WarRevolution & Civil War

• Francisco Madero began Revolution Francisco Madero began Revolution against Diaz (1910)against Diaz (1910)

• Slow start as Pancho Villa in North and Slow start as Pancho Villa in North and Zapata in SouthZapata in South

• Revolution became very violent and Diaz Revolution became very violent and Diaz stepped down, Madero was elected in 1911 stepped down, Madero was elected in 1911 but was later assassinatedbut was later assassinated

• Victoriano Huerta became president but Victoriano Huerta became president but shortly after he was ousted and Carranza shortly after he was ousted and Carranza would take power in 1919 to end Civil War would take power in 1919 to end Civil War after murdering Zapataafter murdering Zapata

• Carranza passed revisions to mexico’s Carranza passed revisions to mexico’s constituiton in 1917 – still in use today, constituiton in 1917 – still in use today, reforms in land, workers rights, p.393reforms in land, workers rights, p.393