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Package Title: Testbank Course Title: pap14 Chapter Number: 12 Question type: Multiple Choice 1) Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system? a) Sensory function b) Integrative function c) Motor function d) All are functions of the nervous system Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 12.1 Describe the structures and basic functions of the nervous system. Study Objective 2: SO 12.1.2 Describe the three basic functions of the nervous system. Section Reference 1: Sec 12.1 Overview of the Nervous System 2) Which of the following are divisions of the peripheral nervous system? a) Somatic nervous system b) Autonomic nervous system c) Enteric nervous system d) All of these choices Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 12.1 Describe the structures and basic functions of the nervous system.

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Package Title: TestbankCourse Title: pap14Chapter Number: 12

Question type: Multiple Choice

1) Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

a) Sensory functionb) Integrative functionc) Motor functiond) All are functions of the nervous system

Answer: d

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.1 Describe the structures and basic functions of the nervous system.Study Objective 2: SO 12.1.2 Describe the three basic functions of the nervous system.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.1 Overview of the Nervous System

2) Which of the following are divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

a) Somatic nervous systemb) Autonomic nervous systemc) Enteric nervous systemd) All of these choices

Answer: d

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.1 Describe the structures and basic functions of the nervous system.Study Objective 2: SO 12.1.1 Describe the organization of the nervous system.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.1 Overview of the Nervous System

3) The motor portion of the autonomic nervous system can be divided into

a) somatic and sympathetic divisions.b) somatic and parasympathetic divisions.c) enteric and somatic divisions.d) sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.e) voluntary and involuntary divisions.

Answer: d

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.1 Describe the structures and basic functions of the nervous system.Study Objective 2: SO 12.1.1 Describe the organization of the nervous system.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.1 Overview of the Nervous System

4) Which of the following types of cells display the property of electrical excitability?

a) Muscle cellsb) Neuronsc) All of these choicesd) None of these choices

Answer: c

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

5) Which of following organelles is a common site of protein synthesis in neurons?

a) mitochondriab) nucleusc) Nissl bodyd) Golgi apparatuse) nucleolus

Answer: c

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

6) With respect to neurons, the term “nerve fiber” refers to

a) an axon.

b) a dendritec) a Nissl body.d) both axons and dendrites.e) all of these choices

Answer: d

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

7) This type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon emerging from the cell body.

a) Multipolar neuronb) Bipolar neuronc) Unipolar neurond) Purkinje celle) Renshaw cell

Answer: b

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

8) Schwann’s cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons in the peripheral nervous system

a) when neurons are injured.b) during fetal development.c) after birth.d) only in response to electrical stimulation by neuroglial cells.e) during the early onset of Alzheimer’s disease.

Answer: b

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.

Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

9) This type of nervous tissue contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglial cells.

a) Gray matterb) White matterc) Nissl bodiesd) Gangliae) Nuclei

Answer: a

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.2 Distinguish between gray matter and white matterSection Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

10) Which of the following is NOT a type of channel used in production of electrical signals in neurons?

a) Leakage channelb) Voltage-gated channelc) Ligand-gated channeld) Mechanically gated channele) Ion-gated channel

Answer: e

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.2 Compare the basic types of ion channels, and explain how they relate to graded potentials and action potentials.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons

11) A polarized cell

a) has a charge imbalance across its membrane.b) includes most cells of the body.

c) exhibits a membrane potential.d) includes most cells of the body and exhibits a membrane potential.e) All of these choices are correct.

Answer: e

Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.3 Describe the factors that maintain a resting membrane potential.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons

12) Na+/K+–ATPase is considered to be an electrogenic pump because

a) it contributes to the negativity of the resting membrane potential.b) the sodium ions are negatively charged.c) it exhibits low permeability.d) both it contributes to the negativity of the resting membrane potential and the sodium ions are negatively charged.e) all of these choices

Answer: a

Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.3 Describe the factors that maintain a resting membrane potential.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons

13) A depolarizing graded potential

a) makes the membrane more polarized.b) makes the membrane less polarized.c) is considered a type of action potential.d) is the last part of an action potential.e) is seen when the cell approaches threshold.

Answer: b

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.3 Describe the factors that maintain a resting membrane potential.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons

14) When a depolarizing graded potential makes the axon membrane depolarize to threshold,

a) ligand-gated Ca+2 channels close rapidly.b) voltage-gated Ca+2 channels open rapidly.c) ligand-gated Na+ channels close rapidly.d) voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly.e) none of these choices occur.

Answer: d

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.4 List the sequence of events that generate an action potential.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons

15) During the resting state of a voltage-gated Na+ channel,1. the inactivation gate is open.2. the activation gate is closed.3. the channel is permeable to Na+.

a) 1 onlyb) 2 onlyc) 3 onlyd) both 1 and 2 are true.e) all of these choices are true.

Answer: d

Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.3 Describe the factors that maintain a resting membrane potential.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons

16) During this period, a second action potential can only be initiated by a larger than normal stimulus

a) Latent periodb) Absolute refractory periodc) Relative refractory periodd) All of these choices

e) None of these choices

Answer: c

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.4 List the sequence of events that generate an action potential.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons

17) Saltatory conduction

a) can occur in unmyelinated axonsb) happens due to an even distribution of voltage-gated Na+ channelsc) encodes only action potentials that are initiated in response to pain.d) occurs in unmyelinated axons and happens due to even distribution of voltage-gated Na+ channelse) occurs only in myelinated axons

Answer: e

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.4 List the sequence of events that generate an action potential.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons

18) The nervous system can distinguish between a light touch and a heavier touch by

a) saltatory conduction.b) continuous conduction of graded potentials.c) changing the frequency of impulses sent to sensory centers. d) propagation action potential in both directions. e) modifying the length of the refractory period.

Answer: c

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.4 List the sequence of events that generate an action potential.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons

19) Faster communication and synchronization are two advantages of

a) chemical synapsesb) electrical synapsesc) ligand-gated channelsd) voltage-gated channelse) mechanically-gated channels

Answer: b

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.4 Describe signal transmission at a chemical synapse, summation, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.Study Objective 2: SO 12.4.1 Explain the events of signal transmission at electrical and chemical synapses.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.4 Signal Transmission at Synapses

20) An excitatory neurotransmitter _____ the postsynaptic membrane.

a) depolarizesb) repolarizesc) hyperpolarizesd) does not affect the polarity ofe) moves across channels in

Answer: a

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.4 Describe signal transmission at a chemical synapse, summation, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.Study Objective 2: SO 12.4.1 Explain the events of signal transmission at electrical and chemical synapses.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.4 Signal Transmission at Synapses

21) Diffusion, enzymatic degradation, and uptake by cells are all ways to

a) remove a neurotransmitterb) stop a spatial summationc) continue a temporal summationd) inhibit a presynaptic potentiale) excite a presynaptic potential

Answer: a

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.4 Describe signal transmission at a chemical synapse, summation, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.Study Objective 2: SO 12.4.1 Explain the events of signal transmission at electrical and chemical synapses.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.4 Signal Transmission at Synapses

22) When the summed total of postsynaptic potentials rises above threshold, creation of action potentials occurs

a) in the synaptic cleft.b) in the dendrites.c) at the trigger zone.d) in the neuron nucleus.e) in the neuroplasm.

Answer: c

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.4 Describe signal transmission at a chemical synapse, summation, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.Study Objective 2: SO 12.4.1 Explain the events of signal transmission at electrical and chemical synapses.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.4 Signal Transmission at Synapses

23) A postsynaptic neuron responds to neurotransmitters released by a presynaptic neuron by creating

a) EPSPsb) water-filled channels in its membranec) IPSPsd) either EPSPs or IPSPse) All the choices are correct

Answer: d

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.4 Describe signal transmission at a chemical synapse, summation, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.Study Objective 2: SO 12.4.1 Explain the events of signal transmission at electrical and chemical synapses.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.4 Signal Transmission at Synapses

24) This type of neural circuit consists of a single presynaptic neuron synapsing with several postsynaptic neurons.

a) Diverging circuitb) Converging circuitc) Reverberating circuitd) Parallel after-discharge circuite) Normal circuit

Answer: a

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.6 Identify the various types of neural circuits in the nervous system.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.6 Neural Circuits

25) Plasticity means

a) ability to regenerate after being damaged.b) sending a signal through a converging circuit.c) signal transmission at a synapse.d) ability to change based on experience.e) ability to stretch and recoil without damage.

Answer: d

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.7 Describe neurogenesis and explain the events involved in damage and repair of peripheral nerves and the disorders that affect the nervous system.Study Objective 2: SO 12.7.1 Define plasticity and neurogenesis.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.7 Regeneration and Repair of Nervous Tissue

Question type: Essay

26) What factors limit neurogenesis in the CNS of adults?

Answer:

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.7 Describe neurogenesis and explain the events involved in damage and repair of peripheral nerves and the disorders that affect the nervous system.Study Objective 2: SO 12.7.1 Define plasticity and neurogenesis.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.7 Regeneration and Repair of Nervous Tissue

Solution: Neurogenesis in adults is limited by: 1) Inhibitory influences from neuroglia, mainly from oligodendrocytes, and 2) the absence of growth-stimulating cues present during fetal development.

27) Describe four ways drugs can modify the effects of neurotransmitters.

Answer:

Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 12.5 Describe the classes and functions of neurotransmitters.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.5 NeurotransmittersSolution: Drugs can modify neurotransmitter effects by: 1) stimulating or inhibiting their synthesis, 2) enhancing or blocking their release, 3) activating or blocking their receptor, and 4) stimulating or inhibiting their removal.

28) List the three ways that neurotransmitters can be removed from a synapse.

Answer:

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.5 Describe the classes and functions of neurotransmitters.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.5 NeurotransmittersSolution: Neurotransmitters can be removed by: 1) diffusion, 2) enzymatic degradation or 3) uptake by cells.

29) List the three major factors that contribute to the creation of the resting membrane potential in excitable cells.

Answer:

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.3 Describe the factors that maintain a resting membrane potential.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in NeuronsSolution: The major factors that lead to creation of resting potential are: 1) unequal distribution of ions across the plasma membrane, 2) inability of most anions to leave the cell, and 3) the electrogenic nature of the Na+,K+ -ATPase.

30) Briefly describe the events that occur during the depolarizing phase of an action potential.

Answer:

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.4 List the sequence of events that generate an action potential.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in NeuronsSolution: Voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly allowing Na+ to rush into the cell driven by both the electrical and chemical gradient. The inward rush of Na+ causes the membrane potential to become less negative, resulting in depolarization.

Question type: Multiple Choice

31) Which part of the diagram is considered nerve fiber?

a) Ab) Dc) Id) Both A and D

e) All of these choices make up the nerve fiber

Answer: d

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

32) This part of the neuron contains the nucleus and Nissl bodies.

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) Ee) Both A and B

Answer: b

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

33) This part of a neuron contains the nucleus and cytoplasm of the Schwann’s cell that has formed a myelin sheath around the axon.

a) Cb) Dc) Ed) Fe) G

Answer: c

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

34) In the diagram, where are axon terminals?

a) Fb) Gc) Hd) Ie) None of these choices

Answer: c

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

35) Which of the neurons is considered to be a bipolar neuron?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) All of the neurons.e) None of the neurons.

Answer: d

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

36) This structure electrically insulates the axon of a neuron to increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction.

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) E

Answer: e

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

37) In the diagram, where is a node of Ranvier?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) E

Answer: b

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

38) In the CNS, this structure is produced by oligodendrocytes.

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) E

Answer: e

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

39) Which of the diagrams in the figure represents a ligand-gated channel?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) D

Answer: b

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.2 Compare the basic types of ion channels, and explain how they relate to graded potentials and action potentials.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons

40) Which of these types of channels is involved in leaking sodium and potassium ions across the membrane in order to establish the resting potential of a cell?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) D

Answer: a

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.2 Compare the basic types of ion channels, and explain how they relate to graded potentials and action potentials.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons

41) Which of the channels shown in the figure opens and closes randomly?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) All of these choices

Answer: a

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.2 Compare the basic types of ion channels, and explain how they relate to graded potentials and action potentials.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons

42) Which diagram represents a reverberating circuit?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) D

Answer: c

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.6 Identify the various types of neural circuits in the nervous system.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.6 Neural Circuits

43) Which of the types of circuits is commonly used to send sensory signals to multiple areas of the brain?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) D

Answer: a

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.6 Identify the various types of neural circuits in the nervous system.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.6 Neural Circuits

44) Which type of circuit is used to lengthen the output signal in physiological processes like regulation of the breathing pattern?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) D

Answer: c

Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 12.6 Identify the various types of neural circuits in the nervous system.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.6 Neural Circuits

45) Which type of circuit is involved in solving mathematical problems?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) D

Answer: d

Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 12.6 Identify the various types of neural circuits in the nervous system.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.6 Neural Circuits

46) What is the structural classification of the neuron labeled A?

a) bipolar neuronb) multipolar neuron

c) unipolar neurond) nonpolar neurone) pseudounipolar

Answer: b

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

47) What is the structural classification of the neuron labeled B?

a) bipolar neuronb) multipolar neuronc) unipolar neurond) nonpolar neurone) pseudounipolar

Answer: a

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

48) Which of the following structures is labeled A in the diagram?

a) axon terminalb) trigger zonec) cell bodyd) peripheral processe) dendrites

Answer: e

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

49) Which of the following structures is labeled B in the diagram?

a) axon terminalb) trigger zonec) cell bodyd) peripheral processe) dendrites

Answer: d

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

50) Which of the following structures is labeled C in the diagram?

a) axon terminalb) trigger zonec) cell bodyd) peripheral processe) dendrites

Answer: c

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

51) Which of the following structures is labeled D in the diagram?

a) axon terminalb) trigger zonec) cell bodyd) peripheral processe) dendrites

Answer: b

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

52) Which of the following structures is labeled E in the diagram?

a) axon terminalb) trigger zonec) cell bodyd) axone) dendrites

Answer: a

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

53) Which of the following types of neurons is the most common type of neuron found in the brain and spinal cord?

a) bipolar neuronb) multipolar neuronc) unipolar neurond) nonpolar neurone) pseudounipolar

Answer: b

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

54) Which of the following types of neurons have one axon and one dendrite emerging from the cell body and are found in the retina of the eye, inner ear, and olfactory region of the brain?

a) bipolar neuronb) multipolar neuronc) unipolar neurond) nonpolar neurone) pseudounipolar

Answer: a

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

55) Which of the following types of neurons is exclusively found in the cerebellum?

a) bipolar neuronb) multipolar neuronc) Purkinje cellsd) unipolar neurone) pyramidal cells

Answer: c

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

56) What specific type of unipolar neuron is shown in the diagram labeled B?

a) Type I cutaneous mechanoreceptor (Merkel disc)b) Corpuscle of touch (Meissner corpuscle)c) Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscled) nociceptore) Purkinje cell

Answer: a

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

57) Which of the labeled cells in the figure is NOT a neuroglial cell?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) F

Answer: c

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

58) Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that forms and maintains the myelin sheath around CNS axons?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) F

Answer: a

Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

59) Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that forms and maintains the myelin sheath around CNS axons?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) F

Answer: a

Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

60) Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that removes debris and acts as a phagocyte?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) F

Answer: b

Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

61) Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that produces and assists in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid?

a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) F

Answer: e

Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.Study Objective 2: SO 12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue

62) Name the type of membrane channel that randomly opens and closes and is found in dendrites, cell bodies, and axons of all types of neurons.

a) leakage channelb) ligand-gated channelc) mechanically gated channeld) voltage-gated channele) pressure-sensitive channel

Answer: a

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.2 Compare the basic types of ion channels, and explain how they relate to graded potentials and action potentials.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons

63) Name the type of membrane channel that opens in response to chemical binding and is found in dendrites of some sensory receptors like pain receptors, and in the dendrites and cell bodies of interneurons and motor neurons.

a) leakage channelb) ligand-gated channelsc) mechanically gated channelsd) voltage-gated channelse) pressure-sensitive channel

Answer: b

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.2 Compare the basic types of ion channels, and explain how they relate to graded potentials and action potentials.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons

64) Name the type of membrane channel that opens in response to touch, pressure, vibration, or tissue stretching and is found in the auditory receptors of the ear, and in touch and pressure receptors in the skin.

a) leakage channelb) ligand-gated channelsc) mechanically gated channelsd) voltage-gated channelse) temperature-sensitive channel

Answer: c

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.2 Compare the basic types of ion channels, and explain how they relate to graded potentials and action potentials.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons

65) Name the type of membrane channel that opens in response to changes in membrane potential and is located in axons of all types of neurons.

a) leakage channelb) ligand-gated channelsc) mechanically gated channelsd) voltage-gated channelse) temperature-sensitive channel

Answer: d

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.2 Compare the basic types of ion channels, and explain how they relate to graded potentials and action potentials.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons

66) Chromatolysis refers to

a) break up of lysosomes after neural injury.b) Wallerian degeneration after neural injury.c) plasticity of neuron.d) break up of Nissl bodies after neural injury.e) none of these choices

Answer: d

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.7 Explain neurogenesis and the events involved in damage and repair of peripheral nerves. Study Objective 2: SO 12.7.2 Describe the events involved in damage and repair of peripheral nerves.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.7 Regeneration and Repair of Nervous Tissue

67) Wallerian degeneration refers to

a) degeneration of the proximal end of axon and myelin sheath after neural injury.b) degeneration of the distal end of axon and myelin sheath after neural injury.c) break of Nissl bodies after neural injury.d) plasticity of neuron.e) none of these choices

Answer: b

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.7 Explain neurogenesis and the events involved in damage and repair of peripheral nerves. Study Objective 2: SO 12.7.2 Describe the events involved in damage and repair of peripheral nerves.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.7 Regeneration and Repair of Nervous Tissue

Question type: Essay

68) Describe the difference between spatial and temporal summation in a postsynaptic neuron.

Answer:

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.4 Describe signal transmission at a chemical synapse, summation, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.Study Objective 2: SO 12.4.2 Distinguish between spatial and temporal summation.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.4 Signal Transmission at SynapsesSolution: Spatial summation is summation of postsynaptic potentials in response to stimuli that occur at different locations in the membrane of a postsynaptic cell at the same time. This typically occurs when multiple presynaptic neurons synapse with one postsynaptic neuron and fire simultaneously. Temporal summation is summation of postsynaptic potentials in response to stimuli that occur at the same location in the membrane of the postsynaptic cell but at different times. This typically occurs when one presynaptic neuron fires in rapid succession leading to a summing of the resulting EPSPs, which then triggers the generation of action potentials in the postsynaptic neuron as it moves above threshold.

Question type: Multiple Choice

69) Hearing your cell phone ring in an otherwise quiet lecture hall is an example of which of the following types of nervous system functions?

a) Sensory functionb) Integrative functionc) Motor functiond) More than one of the types of nervous system functionse) None of the types of nervous system functions

Answer: a

Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 12.1 Describe the structures and basic functions of the nervous system.Study Objective 2: SO 12.1.2 Describe the three basic functions of the nervous system.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.1 Overview of the Nervous System

70) Which of the following types of electrical signals allow rapid long-distance communication within the nervous system?

a) resting potentialb) nerve action potentialc) muscle action potentiald) graded potentiale) long-term potentiation

Answer: b

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.1 Describe the cellular properties that permit communication among neurons and effectors.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons

71) In an action potential, the current that flows down the axon of a neuron is generated by the movement of _____ across the membrane.

a) electronsb) protonsc) ionsd) free radicalse) neutrons

Answer: c

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.Study Objective 2: SO 12.3.1 Describe the cellular properties that permit communication among neurons and effectors.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons

72) In the process of spatial summation, _____ are added together and _____ are subtracted from that total to determine whether _____ will be created at the trigger zone of the postsynaptic neuron.

a) EPSPs; IPSPs; action potentials b) IPSPs; EPSPs; action potentialsc) EPSPs; IPSPs; graded potentialsd) IPSPs; action potentials; EPSPse) EPSPs; action potentials; IPSPs

Answer: a

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.4 Describe signal transmission at a chemical synapse, summation, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.Study Objective 2: SO 12.4.2 Distinguish between spatial and temporal summation.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.4 Signal Transmission at Synapses

73) In temporal summation, a single presynaptic neuron stimulates the creation of action potentials in a postsynaptic neuron when it

a) stops firing long enough to allow the postsynaptic neuron to recover.b) fires at a fast enough rate that the sum of EPSPs in the postsynaptic neuron moves above threshold.c) fires at a steady rate that allows the postsynaptic neuron to return to resting potential.d) recruits other presynaptic neurons to begin to fire.e) runs out of neurotransmitter.

Answer: b

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.4 Describe signal transmission at a chemical synapse, summation, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.Study Objective 2: SO 12.4.2 Distinguish between spatial and temporal summation.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.4 Signal Transmission at Synapses

74) Which of the following neurotransmitters are used in virtually all of the inhibitory synapses found in the spinal cord?

a) gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholineb) gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycinec) epinephrine and norepinephrined) serotonin and melatonine) glutamate and aspartate

Answer: b

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.4 Describe signal transmission at a chemical synapse, summation, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.Study Objective 2: SO 12.4.3 Give examples of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, and describe how they act.Section Reference 1: Sec 12.4 Signal Transmission at Synapses

75) Which type of depression results in an individual with a manic-depressive illness.

a) major depression.b) dysthymia.c) bipolar disorder.d) seasonal affective disorder.e) all of these disorders.

Answer: c

Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 12.8 Describe the disorders that affect nervous tissue.Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect Nervous Tissue