Chapter 11 Section 4: World War II ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did
World War II affect Georgians?
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The Rise of Dictators Ruthless people rose to power in the
1920s and 1930s Some Europeans resented terms of Treaty of
Versailles Germans had to take full responsibility of WWI Pay
billions of dollars in reparation to allies Disarm completely Give
up all overseas colonies and some territory in Europe Carved up
Austro-Hungarian and Russian Empires to create several European
countries (borders were later disputed) League of Nations was part
of the Treaty
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Increasing Tensions Dictator: individual who ruled a country
through military strength CountryLeaderQuick Facts JapanEmperor
Hirohito Attacked China seeking raw materials
ItalyMussoliniAttacked Ethiopia and Albania GermanyAdolf HitlerNazi
leader; began rebuilding military forces, persecuting Jews, and
silencing opponents Soviet Union Josef StalinBuilt up industry and
military, forced peasants into collective farms, eliminated
opponents
Slide 4
Germany During the depression millions lost their jobs Economy
was on the edge of collapse Germans rallied around Hitler Gained
popularity by exploiting peoples concerns about inflation and
unemployment and Versailles Treaty 1921 became chairman of the
National Socialist German Workers Party, aka the Nazi Party.
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Nazi-Soviet Pact Germany making plans to invade Poland Poland
bordered Russia Hitler did not want to anger Stalin, yet. Both
signed Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact- August 1939 2 leaders
pledged not to attack each other Agreed to divide Poland Pact
shocked the world
Slide 7
The War Begins 1938: Hitlers Germany attacks France to take
back land lost in WWI (Rhineland) Sent troops to take over Austria,
Czechoslovakia, and Poland Great Britain and France declared war
Soviet Union invaded nearby countries and agreed to split Poland
with Germany By 1940, Hitler controlled Denmark, Norway, Holland,
Belgium, Luxembourg and a large part of France and began bombing
Great Britain
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Blitzkrieg Lightning War The German offensive way of fighting
Moving in quickly, forcefully, from all sides
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A Neutral United States Most Americans did not want to get
involved in the war, but Roosevelt wanted to help Britain Hitler
turned on Stalin in 1941 and invaded the Soviet Union Lend-lease:
policy to lend or lease (rent) weapons to Great Britain and the
Soviet Union American ships began escorting British ships in
convoys
Slide 11
Lend-Lease Japan, Italy, the Soviet Union, and Germany were
fighting Great Britain Most Americans felt the U.S. should not get
involved 1930s Congress had passed neutrality acts to keep the U.S.
out of another war (we could not sell weapons to any warring
nation) 1939 FDR got Congress to pass a new law that allowed the
Allied Powers to buy arms if they paid cash and carried them in
their ships
Slide 12
Lend-Lease (continued) 1940 FDR gave Great Britain old weapons
and traded 50 destroyers for British bases in the Western
Hemisphere 1941 British ran out of $ so Congress let FDR lend or
lease arms to them Germany turned on the Soviet Union and invaded
them so FDR gave lend-lease aid to the Soviets FDR built air bases
in Greenland and Iceland. The planes from these bases tracked
German submarines. U.S. Navy escorted British ships part of the way
across the Atlantic
Slide 13
A Day that Will Live in Infamy President Roosevelt stopped
exports to Japan to protest its expansion into other countries
Exports of oil, airplanes, aviation gasoline and metals were
stopped The Japanese attacked the U.S. Navy fleet at Pearl Harbor,
Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941 Japan hoped to destroy the fleet giving them
control of the Pacific Ocean The USA declared war on Japan Allied
Powers: USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union Axis Powers: Germany,
Italy, Japan
Slide 14
Pearl Harbor Japanese-American relations got worse U.S. stopped
exporting planes, metals, aircraft parts, and aviation gas to Japan
1941 Japan invaded French Indochina- FDR seized all Japanese
property in U.S. Late 1941 Japan decided to invade Indonesia to get
gas U.S. Navy stationed at Pearl Harbor were the only ones that
could stop them
Slide 15
Pearl Harbor (continued) Dec. 7, 1941 Sunday morning 8:00 AM
the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor 8 battleships destroyed or damaged
More than 180 planes were destroyed Over 2,000 people killed/over
1,000 wounded day that will live in infamy Dec. 8 Congress declared
war on Japan
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American Military Forces Millions of Americans enlisted after
the attack on Pearl Harbor 330,000 women joined could not serve in
combat roles Segregation in the military kept African American and
white service men in different units Tuskegee Airmen: famous
African American flyers of the Army Air Force
Slide 18
U.S. enters World War II Allied Powers-U.S., Great Britain, and
the Soviet Union Axis Powers-Germany, Japan, and Italy U.S.
fighting on two fronts-Germany and Italy in Europe and Africa and
Japan in the Pacific
Slide 19
The War in Europe 1942-1943: British and American troops won
control of Africa 1943: Mussolini overthrown and Italy joined the
Allies American general Dwight D. Eisenhower coordinated plan to
recapture Europe D-Day: June 6, 1944 Allied forces land in northern
France Early 1945: Germans pushed out of France April 1945: Soviet
and American troops meet and Germany surrenders Hitler commits
suicide
Slide 20
D-Day June 06, 1944 Operation Overlord Largest amphibious
assault in human history Allied success is the first step in the
March to Berlin. Five beach code names: Omaha and Utah (U.S.), Gold
and Sword (Britain), and Juno (Canada) 1,465 U.S. solders killed.
(estimate) Eisenhower's message to the troops Eisenhower's message
to the troops
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Georgia Loses a Friend President Roosevelt visited Georgia
often at his Little White House in Warm Springs His polio symptoms
were eased in the mineral springs April 24, 1945: President
Roosevelt died suddenly of a stroke in Warm Springs, GA Millions of
Georgians and Americans mourned Vice President Harry Truman became
president
Slide 24
FDRs Impact on Georgia Got Congress to pass laws to protect
workers ND created the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) which
created Blue Ridge Lake, Lake Chatuge, and Lake Nottely FDRs body
was carried by train to Washington as thousands of crying Georgians
lined the tracks
Slide 25
The War in the Pacific 1942: Japan expanded its territory
throughout the Asian Pacific region 1945: Allied forces began to
retake Japanese controlled lands Japan refused to surrender
President Truman authorized the use of atomic bombs to force Japans
surrender Enola Gay: plane that dropped first atomic bomb on
Hiroshima, Japan Japan surrendered after a second atomic bomb
dropped on Nagasaki Over 50 million people died in the war
Slide 26
The Holocaust The Holocaust: name given to the Nazi plan to
kill all Jewish people Auschwitz, Buckenwald, Dachau, Treblinka,
Bergen-Belsen infamous concentration camps where Jews and others
were executed 6 million people killed in the Holocaust (Picture:
Jews at the Warsaw Ghetto)
Slide 27
The Holocaust Spring 1945-Allied troops pushed into Poland,
Austria, and Germany They found Auschwitz, Buckenwald, Dachau,
Treblinka, Bergen-Belsen (concentration camps) set up by the Nazis
as the final solution to the Jewish problem Those alive were
emaciated skeletons from years of starvation, disease, cruel
treatment, forced labor, and medical experiments systematic
extermination (killing) of 6 million Jews 5-6 million others
labeled as undesirables were also killed by the Nazis
Slide 28
The Holocaust (continued) Prisoners, including children, were
gassed in chambers they thought were showers Their bodies were
incinerated in huge ovens or thrown into mass graves Hitler wanted
to rid the world of inferior people including Jews, Poles, Czechs,
Russians, Gypsies, homosexuals, and the mentally or physically
disabled 1986 the GA Commission on the Holocaust was established
The Commission fosters tolerance, good citizenship and character
development among the young people of GA Annual art and writing
contest for middle and high school students
Slide 29
The Wars Effects on Society Everyone was expected to help in
the war effort Women began working in jobs to replace men who had
gone to war G.I. Bill: law to help returning soldiers adapt to
civilian life Low cost loans for homes or business College
education opportunities Women and African Americans did not want to
go back to the kind of life they had before the war
Slide 30
Georgia During World War II 320,000 Georgians joined the armed
forces over 7,000 killed Military bases were built in the state
which improved the economy Farmers grew needed crops income tripled
for the average farmer Limits were put on the consumption of goods
such as gasoline, meat, butter, and sugar (rationing) Students were
encouraged to buy war bonds and defense stamps to pay for the war
Victory Garden: small family gardens to make sure soldiers would
have enough food POW (prisoner of war) camps in Georgia at some
military bases
Slide 31
Bell Aircraft Needed to build aircraft plants to build more
B-29 bombers Bell Aircraft Co. of Buffalo, N.Y. got the contract
for a new plant in Marietta Largest aircraft assembly plant in the
world with 4.2 million square feet 1943 they began assembling
bombers with 1200 employees 1945-27,000 employees making 60-65
planes a month 1950 Lockheed Aircraft Corp. reopened the plant
Slide 32
Military Bases WW II brought millions of federal $ to GA
strengthening the economy Major Bases in GA: Fort Benning
(Columbus) largest infantry center in U.S. Camp Gordon (Augusta)
Fort Stewart/Hunter Air Field (Savannah) Warner Robins Air Field
(near Macon) Glynco Naval Air Station (Brunswick) flew blimps to
search for German submarines
Slide 33
Military Bases (continued) Fort McPherson (Atlanta) induction
center for newly drafted soldiers Fort Gillem (Clayton County) army
storage facility and railroad yard Prisoners of war (POWs) were
held at Forts Benning, Gordon, Oglethorpe, and Stewart At Fort
Oglethorpe, 150,000 women (Womens Army Auxiliary Corp-WACs) trained
to become postal workers, clerks, typists, switchboard operators,
code clerks, and drivers or aides Atlanta Airport became an air
base in 1941
Slide 34
Savannah Shipyard Built Liberty ships (named after Patrick
Henrys famous quote) Nov. 1942 launched first Liberty ship-the
U.S.S. James Oglethorpe (sunk by a German sub in 1943) 88 Liberty
ships built by 15,000 workers, many of whom were women
Slide 35
Brunswick Shipyard 1943-1944 over 16,000 men and women worked
around the clock on 6 ships at a time 1944 set a record by building
7 ships in just one month Worked on Christmas day and donated $ for
that day to the war effort Produced 99 Liberty ships
Slide 36
Richard B. Russell, Jr. June 1931, Winder resident Richard
Russell became GAs youngest governor in the 20 th Century Sworn in
by his dad, GA Supreme Court Justice, Richard B. Russell, Sr.
Former member and speaker of the GA House of Representatives
Combined 102 state offices into 17 agencies Combined the boards of
trustees of state colleges and universities into one governing
group-the Board of Regents of the Univ. System
Slide 37
Richard B. Russell, Jr. (continued) Gov. Russell tried to run
the state like a successful business 1932 he was elected to the
U.S. Senate (served for 38 years) He favored national military
preparedness and states rights Served on the Senate Appropriations
Com Co-sponsored legislation to provide a school lunch to all
children Advisor to 6 U.S. Presidents Served as president pro
tempore of the Senate (third in line for the presidency)
Slide 38
Richard Russell, Jr. Carl Vinson
Slide 39
U.S. House of Representatives (served 25 consecutive terms from
1914 -1965) Promoted a strong national defense 1934 Vinson-Trammel
Act (manufactured 92 warships) Law to expand naval aviation system
to 10,000 planes,16,000 pilots, and 20 air bases Law to ease labor
restrictions in shipbuilding to allow faster construction of navy
ships
Slide 40
Carl Vinson (continued) After World War II: Wanted a strong
defense throughout the Cold War with the Soviet Union
1964-President Johnson awarded him the Presidential Medal of
Freedom Retired to his Milledgeville farm in 1965 1972-President
Nixon named the 3 rd nuclear carrier for him He died in 1981
Slide 41
Video Clips Attack on Pearl Harbor Attack on Pearl Harbor
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAnOtW m5OrM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAnOtW m5OrM FDRs Infamy Speech FDRs
Infamy Speech http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VqQAf74 fsE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VqQAf74 fsE
http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/storie s/women_of_world_war_two
http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/storie s/women_of_world_war_two
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvDi wYSwEV0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvDi wYSwEV0