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Chapter 11
Politics and the Economy
Power, Authority, and Violence
• Authority is Legitimate Power– Illegitimate Power is Coercion
• Traditional Authority– Authority Based on Tradition
• Rational-Legal Authority– Authority Based on Written Rules
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Power, Authority, and Violence
• Charismatic Authority– Authority Freely and Graciously Given– Threat Posed by Charismatic Leaders
• Transfer of Authority– Orderly from One Leader to Another
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Types of Governments
• Monarchies
• Democracies– Direct– Representative– Universal Citizenship
• Dictatorships and Oligarchies– Totalitarianism
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
U.S. Political System
• Political Parties and Elections– Democrats, Republicans, and Third Parties– Different Slices of Center– Centrism and Extremes– Third Parties
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Which Political Party Dominates?
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Voting Patterns
• Non-Hispanic Whites Most Likely to Vote
• African-Americans Next Most Likely
• Latinos Least Likely to Vote
• Social Integration
• Alienation and Apathy
• Gender and Racial-Ethnic Gap in Voting
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Lobbyists and Special Interests
• Special Interest Groups are People Who: – Think Alike on a Particular Issue and Mobilize
for Political Action
• The Money
• Lobbyists are People Paid to Influence Legislation
• “Handlers” Bypass Limits
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Who Rules the U.S.?
• Functionalist Perspective: Pluralism– Diffusion of Power Among Many– Checks and Balances– Women, men, racial–ethnic groups, farmers,
factory/office workers, bankers, bosses, etc.– As well as such broad categories as the rich,
middle class, and poor
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Who Rules the U.S.?
• Conflict Perspective: The Power Elite– Top Business, Political, and Military Leaders– Ruling Class– Not a Secret Group, Just Similar Backgrounds
and Orientations
• Which View Is Right?
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Power in the United States: The Model Proposed by C. Wright Mills
War and Terrorism
• Why do Countries go to War?– Revenge– Power– Prestige– Unity– Positions
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
War and Terrorism
– Ethnicity– Beliefs
• The Flesh and Blood of War
• Terrorism– “Violence intended to create fear in an effort
to bring about political objectives.”
Sources “In Perspective” 2003; Belasco 2008; Stiglitz 2008; Statistical Abstract of the United States 1993: Table 553; 2009: Table 485© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Transformation of EconomicSystems
• Preindustrial Societies: The Birth of Inequality
• Industrial Societies: The Birth of the Machine
• Postindustrial Societies: The Birth of the Information Age
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Transformation of EconomicSystems
• Biotech Societies: The Merger of Biology and Economics– Marriage of biology & economics should yield
greater surpluses & more extensive trade
• Implications for Your Life– Whenever society changes, so do our lives
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
World Economic Systems
• Capitalism– What State Capitalism Is
• Socialism– What Socialism Is– Socialism in Practice– Democratic Socialism
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
World Economic Systems
• Ideologies of Capitalism and Socialism– Capitalists and socialists paint each other in
such stark colors that: • Each perceives the other system as one of
exploitation
• Criticisms of Capitalism and Socialism
• Convergence of Capitalism & Socialism
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Globalization of Capitalism
• A New Global Structure and the Global Oppression of Workers
• Stagnant Paychecks– Trends in Leisure– Telecommuting
• The New Economic System and the Old Divisions of Wealth
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Globalization of Capitalism
– High insecurity with layoffs, plant closings, and the prospect of more of the same
– Half of the entire country’s income goes to the richest fifth of Americans
– Only 3 percent goes to the poorest fifth
• The Global Superclass
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Inverted Income Pyramid: The Proportion of Income Received by Each Fifth of the U.S. Population
A New World Order?
• Trends Toward Unity– Perhaps the key political event in our era is
the globalization of capitalism
• Strains in the Global System– As the economic and political arrangements
of the present give way;• Future generations will face a new world
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.