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Lesson 1 – A Growing Economy Industrial Revolution Began in Great Britain in mid-1700s in the textile (cloth) industry Britain made huge profits Parliament passed laws making it illegal for any machines, machine plans, or skilled workers to leave Britain
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Chapter 11 Growth & Expansion 1790-1840
US HISTORY Chapter 11 Growth & Expansion Lesson 1 A Growing
Economy
Industrial Revolution Began in Great Britain in mid-1700s in the
textile (cloth) industry Britain made huge profits Parliament
passed laws making it illegal for any machines, machine plans, or
skilled workers to leave Britain Lesson 1 A Growing Economy
Industrial Revolution 1789 Samuel Slater (an apprentice in British
mill) memorizes plans of the mill & travels in disguise to
America Slater rebuilds his mill from memory in Pawtucket, RI
Lesson 1 A Growing Economy
Rise of Factories Francis Cabot Lowell Built an improved version of
Slaters mill in MA Mill made thread AND wove the thread into cloth
Start of the factory system all manufacturing steps combined in one
location Lesson 1 A Growing Economy
Factory Conditions Many women & children employed Long hours
(12-14 hrs/day, 6 days/week) & low wages Poor working
conditions bad lighting, poor ventilation, unsafe machinery Led to
the formation of the first labor unions Lesson 1 A Growing
Economy
Free Enterprise US has a capitalist economic system This helped
boost industrial growth (and helps businesses today) Capitalism
individuals & businesses own property and decide how to use it
People/businesses control the capital Lesson 1 A Growing
Economy
Free Enterprise Free enterprise a type of economy in which people
are free to buy, sell, and produce whatever they want Major
elements include economic freedom, profit, private property, and
competition Lesson 1 A Growing Economy
Growth of Agriculture Most Americans still lived and worked on
farms Agriculture moved west into the region north of the Ohio
River In the South, cotton production rose sharply Textile
factories increased demand for cotton From 1790 to 1820, cotton
production went from 3,000 to 300,000 bales per year Increased
demand for slaves as well Lesson 1 A Growing Economy
Growth of Corporations Corporation type of business that has many
owners Companies sell shares of stock to raise capital Large
corporations began to appear during this time which helped drive
industrialization Lesson 1 A Growing Economy
Growth of Cities Many cities developed along rivers because of
transportation, shipping, & water power for factories Cities
were often dirty & dangerous no sewers, animals roamed freely,
and disease & fires were a constant threat Lesson 2 Moving West
Daniel Boone
1769 explored a Native American trail through the Appalachian Mtns.
called Warriors Path This led Boone through a break in the
mountains Cumberland Gap Cumberland Gap opened into Kentucky More
than 100,000 people used the Cumberland Gap b/w Lesson 2 Moving
West Roads and Turnpikes
Turnpikes toll roads built by private companies National Road
(1806) built by the national govt., MD to IL through IN,
present-day US 40 Lesson 2 Moving West Rivers & Canals
Robert Fulton developed the first largescale steamboat (named the
Clermont) was able to travel from NYC to Albany, NY in 32
hours...previously, the trip would take 4 days Lesson 2 Moving West
Rivers & Canals
Canal artificial waterway connecting two larger bodies of water
Erie Canal built in NY...connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River to
the Atlantic Ocean Wabash & Erie Canal -connected Evansville to
Lake Erie (sign on I-64) Lesson 2 Moving West Rivers & Canals
Locks Lesson 3 Unity and Sectionalism
Era of Good Feelings Occurred during the presidency of James Monroe
(post-War of 1812 through the early 1820s) Time in the nation when
everyone seemed to get along support for the govt. was very high
Lesson 3 Unity and Sectionalism
American System Proposal by House Speaker Henry Clay to help the US
grow Included higher tariffs, a new Bank of the United States, and
internal improvements Not all Americans agreed with the planled to
sectionalism Lesson 3 Unity and Sectionalism
Sectionalism loyalty to a particular region, or section, of the
country John C. Calhoun (SC) became a strong opponent of national
programs and a supporter of states having the right to govern
themselves...very vocal leader from the South, becomes a national
figure up to the Civil War Lesson 3 Unity and Sectionalism
Daniel Webster (MA) known as a great public speaker, protected
interests of New England Henry Clay (KY) tried to resolve sectional
disputes through compromise...later became known as The Great
Compromiser Lesson 3 Unity and Sectionalism
Nationalism & US Supreme Court Early 1800s US Supreme Court
strengthened the national govts power McCulloch v Maryland (1819)
SC said the State of Maryland could NOT tax a local office of the
Bank of the United States because that would give the state power
over the national govt Gibbons v Ogden (1824) SC said that only the
national govt could make laws governing interstate commerce, NOT
the states Lesson 3 Unity and Sectionalism
The Missouri Compromise (1820) South wanted Missouri admitted as a
slave state...Maine had also applied for statehood Compromise
developed by Henry Clay 1) Missouri joins as a slave state 2) Maine
joins as a free state 3) Slavery was banned in the rest of the LA
Territory north of the 36 30 parallel Lesson 3 Unity and
Sectionalism
Foreign Affairs Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817) US & Britain agreed to
limit the number of warships on the Great Lakes & remove
weapons from the US/Canada border Convention of 1818 set the
boundary b/w the US & Canada (in the LA Territory) at the 49th
parallel Lesson 3 Unity and Sectionalism
Foreign Affairs Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) US gets Florida from
Spain, US gives up claims to Spanish Texas...US also gets Oregon
Country Monroe Doctrine (1823) increased European involvement in
the Americas leads Pres. Monroe to issue this statement...says the
US will not interfere with any existing European colonies in the
Americas BUT the US would oppose any new ones...becomes a
cornerstone of US foreign policy