Chapter 11 Chapter 11 America and the WorldAmerica and the World

Section 1Section 1

Expansion in the PacificExpansion in the Pacific

The Impulse for ImperialismThe Impulse for Imperialism In March of 1889 in the South Pacific, 7 In March of 1889 in the South Pacific, 7

warships- 1 British, 3 German, and 3 U.S. warships- 1 British, 3 German, and 3 U.S. faced off by present day Western Samoafaced off by present day Western Samoa

Before a shot could be fired, a typhoon Before a shot could be fired, a typhoon struck, destroying all but the British ship and struck, destroying all but the British ship and possibly preventing a war.possibly preventing a war.

{Imperialism{Imperialism- the quest for colonial - the quest for colonial empires-}empires-} had led these 3 nations to the had led these 3 nations to the brink of war brink of war

Imperialism was driven by a need for Imperialism was driven by a need for markets, raw materials, power & prestige for markets, raw materials, power & prestige for this industrialists turned to Africa, Asia and this industrialists turned to Africa, Asia and Latin America and tried to colonize themLatin America and tried to colonize them

SamoaSamoa

Continued….Continued…. American enthusiasm for overseas expansion grew as American enthusiasm for overseas expansion grew as

industrial production surgedindustrial production surged One influential supporter was One influential supporter was {{Alfred Thayer MahanAlfred Thayer Mahan

he took the position that the U.S. should establish naval he took the position that the U.S. should establish naval bases outside of the country} bases outside of the country} to protect economic to protect economic interests in foreign marketsinterests in foreign markets

Others supported the expansion because it would Others supported the expansion because it would spread Christianity throughout the worldspread Christianity throughout the world

10 years after the skirmish in 1889 the U.S. won control 10 years after the skirmish in 1889 the U.S. won control over Eastern Samoa and Germany the took control of over Eastern Samoa and Germany the took control of the west the west

Because of its climate and fertile soil Hawaii gained Because of its climate and fertile soil Hawaii gained interest from imperial powers. British explorer interest from imperial powers. British explorer {{Captain James CookCaptain James Cook visited the island and renamed visited the island and renamed them the Sandwich Islands}them the Sandwich Islands}

Captain CookCaptain Cook

Acquiring HawaiiAcquiring Hawaii {The 8 major Hawaiian Islands were united in {The 8 major Hawaiian Islands were united in

about 1800 by about 1800 by King KamehamehaKing Kamehameha}} The Hawaiian Islands lie about 2,000 miles west The Hawaiian Islands lie about 2,000 miles west

of California and were a good place to build of California and were a good place to build naval bases, coaling stations for travel to & naval bases, coaling stations for travel to & from Asiafrom Asia

{The ships brought missionaries, settlers, {The ships brought missionaries, settlers, traders and disease. traders and disease. The native Hawaiian The native Hawaiian population was cut in half in the span of population was cut in half in the span of 40 years}40 years}

As Hawaiian economy boomed, sugar planters As Hawaiian economy boomed, sugar planters grew richgrew rich

Due to the dwindling population the U.S. began Due to the dwindling population the U.S. began bringing in Japanese and Chinese to work the bringing in Japanese and Chinese to work the fields fields

King KamehamehaKing Kamehameha

Different Varieties of Sugar CaneDifferent Varieties of Sugar Canefrom Hawaiifrom Hawaii

American Influence in HawaiiAmerican Influence in Hawaii An 1875 treaty exempted Hawaiian sugar from tariffs in An 1875 treaty exempted Hawaiian sugar from tariffs in

for Hawaii’s promise not to grant territory or other for Hawaii’s promise not to grant territory or other privileges in the islands to any other nations exchange privileges in the islands to any other nations exchange

In 1886 the U.S. gov. demanded control of Pearl Harbor In 1886 the U.S. gov. demanded control of Pearl Harbor in exchange for renewing the tax free status of in exchange for renewing the tax free status of Hawaiian sugar but the Hawaiian king Kalakaua refusedHawaiian sugar but the Hawaiian king Kalakaua refused

A secret A secret {{Hawaiian LeagueHawaiian League was formed to overthrow was formed to overthrow Kalakaua at gunpoint Kalakaua at gunpoint the monarchy and get the U.S. to the monarchy and get the U.S. to annex the islands}annex the islands}

In 1887 the League forced him to sign a new In 1887 the League forced him to sign a new constitution that limited his power and to sign the constitution that limited his power and to sign the treatytreaty

It came to be known as the Bayonet Constitution It came to be known as the Bayonet Constitution

A Nationalist QueenA Nationalist Queen In 1891 Kalakaua died and his sister Liliuokalani In 1891 Kalakaua died and his sister Liliuokalani

succeeded him. She vowed to regain “Hawaii succeeded him. She vowed to regain “Hawaii for the Hawaiians” for the Hawaiians”

{When Queen Liliuokalani announced plans to {When Queen Liliuokalani announced plans to publish a new Hawaiian constitution, which publish a new Hawaiian constitution, which would give more power to native Hawaiians would give more power to native Hawaiians supporters of annexation set up a supporters of annexation set up a separate governmentseparate government}}

Not wanting to see Hawaiians killed, Queen Not wanting to see Hawaiians killed, Queen Liliuokalani reluctantly surrendered the throneLiliuokalani reluctantly surrendered the throne

Hawaii was annexed in 1898. Declared a Hawaii was annexed in 1898. Declared a territory in 1900 and became the 50territory in 1900 and became the 50thth state in state in 1959. 1959.

Queen LiliuokalaniQueen Liliuokalani

U.S. Involvement in ChinaU.S. Involvement in China In 1895 Japan seized China’s Liaotung Peninsula- In 1895 Japan seized China’s Liaotung Peninsula-

the large island of Tiwan and Koreathe large island of Tiwan and Korea Taking advantage of China’s weakened position Taking advantage of China’s weakened position

Britain, France, Germany and Russia carved out Britain, France, Germany and Russia carved out {{spheres of influencespheres of influence or regions where a or regions where a particular country has exclusive rights over the particular country has exclusive rights over the mines, railroads and trade in another country’s mines, railroads and trade in another country’s territory}territory}

Fearing being forced out of the China trade, Fearing being forced out of the China trade, {Secretary of State John Hay, called for an {Secretary of State John Hay, called for an Open Open Door PolicyDoor Policy in China in China}} Since neither the Since neither the Europeans nor the Japanese replied, Hay Europeans nor the Japanese replied, Hay announced that the Open Door Policy had been announced that the Open Door Policy had been approvedapproved

Secretary of State John HaySecretary of State John Hay

The Boxer RebellionThe Boxer Rebellion The Chinese formed a secret society called the The Chinese formed a secret society called the

{Fists of Righteous Harmony, known as the {Fists of Righteous Harmony, known as the Boxers by the west}Boxers by the west}

In 1900 In 1900 {the Boxers attacked the Western {the Boxers attacked the Western missionaries and traders in northern China missionaries and traders in northern China becoming known as the becoming known as the Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion}}

After an 8 week siege the international force After an 8 week siege the international force rescued the foreigners rescued the foreigners

In a second series of Open Door notes John Hay In a second series of Open Door notes John Hay pressured foreign powers to preserve China’s pressured foreign powers to preserve China’s right to rule its own territory. right to rule its own territory.

China retained its sovereignty as a nation China retained its sovereignty as a nation

Fists of Righteous HarmonyFists of Righteous Harmony

Boxer Rebellion Prisoners ca. 1901Boxer Rebellion Prisoners ca. 1901

ReviewReview What is the quest for colonial empires?What is the quest for colonial empires? Alfred Thayer MahanAlfred Thayer Mahan took the position took the position

that the U.S. should establish what outside that the U.S. should establish what outside of the country?of the country?

What did What did Captain James CookCaptain James Cook rename rename the Hawaiian Islands?the Hawaiian Islands?

Who united the 8 major Hawaiian Islands Who united the 8 major Hawaiian Islands in about 1800?in about 1800?

When the Boxers attacked the Western When the Boxers attacked the Western missionaries and traders in northern China missionaries and traders in northern China this became known as?this became known as?

Mia the BoxerMia the Boxer