Chapter 10 Appendix 1 to 7 - University of the Witwatersrand

Appendix 1

Expanded dendrogram of Figure 5 based on Euclidean distances and Ward's agglomerative clustering method for species inventoried in 50 shops (n=333).

B281

Proposed risk categories:Cluster A: High Cluster B: Low Cluster C: Low

A1

A

Chapter 10 Appendix; Pg. 73


1

A2

B1



B2

B



2

C

C1

C2





Cluster A:Cluster B:Cluster C:

Proposed risk categories:HighMediumLow

Appendix 2

Expanded dendrogram of Figure 7 based on Euclidean distances and Ward's agglomerative clustering method for species inventoried in 100 Faraday traders

(n=315).(Species corresponding with EP codes listed in Appendix 4)+B521

Aa

Ab

A



B1

B1a



B

B2

B1b



C



Cluster A:Cluster B:Cluster C:Cluster D

Appendix 3

Expanded dendrogram of Figure 9 based on Euclidean distances and Ward's agglomerative clustering method for species sold by 150 traders (50 shops and 100 Faraday traders) (n=392).(Species corresponding with EP codes listed in

Proposed risk categories:High Medium-highLowLow

x

A

y



Ba

Bb

B



C



Da



D

Db



Code

ESP 1

ESP 2 uMadlozana

ESP 3 umKhwanguESP 4

ESP 5 umLahlankosiESP 6 isiPhahlukaESP 7 iPhakamaESP 8 uGebeleweniESP 10 uBhubhubhuESP 11 umVuthuzaESP 12 umDlavusaESP 13 uKhalimele

ESP 14 uBangalalaESP 15 unSukumbili

ESP 16 umLulamaESP 17 uVelabahlekaESP 19 uMahesaka ESP 20 uMabopheESP 21 hloenya / hlwenya

ESP 22 uSehlulamanye

ESP 23 iMbozisa

ESP 24 unDwendweniESP 25 uPhamepuceESP 26 umSuzwaneESP 27 iNyongwaneESP 28 umDlebeESP 29 inYazangoma ESP 30 uDabulamafuESP 31 umVangaziESP 32 uBhoqoESP 33 uVimbukhaloESP 34 unGiboniseleESP 35 uMoyawezwe

ESP 36 iShongweESP 37 umaLulekaESP 38 uMalalaESP 39 uMahogwe

ESP 40 iNkomankomaESP 41 inhlanhlomhlopeESP 42 iLalanyathiESP 43 umNqandaneESP 44 uVumaESP 45 umLomomnandiESP 46 uMondiESP 47 abaNqonqosi

Probable species

iLetha

Common name

List of probable species corresponding with the 'ESP' (ethnospecies) codes and common names in the dendrograms of Appendices 1-3

Mondia whitei, Cinnamomum zeylanicumCupressus sp.*, Podocarpus henkelii

inGcino

Cordia caffra, Ehretia rigida, Grewia caffra, Grewia occidentalisDiospyros lycioides, Euclea crispa ssp. crispaHibiscus pusillus, Polygala galpiniiGlycyrrhiza glabra; Anthospermum rigidum

Jasminum angulare, Osyridicarpos schimperianusAdenostemma caffra, Adenostemma viscosum, Kalanchoe crenata

Cheilanthes hirta, Dryopteris spp., Pellaea calomelanosGnidia kraussiana var. kraussiana , Lichtensteinia kolbeana, Peucedanum

Acalypha glandulifolia, Corchorus confususGerbera piloselloides, Heliophila subulata

Asclepias spp., Pachycarpus spp., Phytolacca dioica, Xysmalobium undulatumGerrardina foliosa, Noltea africana

Cyanotis speciosa, Pappea capensisAlbizia versicolor, Pterocarpus angolensis, Trema orientalisIpomoea spp., Solanum mauritianum, Turbina oblongataConvolvulus sagittatus sspp., Ipomoea spp.

Lippia javanica, Tricalysia lanceolataCorbichonia decumbens, Dicoma anomalaEucalyptus sp., Synadenium cupularePrunus africana, Rhus chirindensis

Elaeodendron croceum, Pterocelastrus echinatus, P. rostratus, P. tricuspidatus

Foeniculum vulgare, Mentha aquatica, Lichtensteinia interruptaCrocosmia aurea, C. paniculata, Eulophia cucullata, Gladiolus dalenii, G. sericeovillosusAspilia natalensis, Eclipta prostrata

Agathosma ovata, Muraltia lancifolia, Thesium pallidumAcridocarpus natalitius sspp., Spermacoce natalensisDicoma anomala, Teedia lucida

Corchorus asplenifolius, Eriosema salignum, Maytenus heterophylla, Hippocratea longipetiolata, Rhynchosia spp., Salacia kraussii, Tragia meyeriana

Deinbollia oblongifolia, Maytenus acuminata ssp. acuminata, Myrica serrata, Nuxia floribunda, Cunonia capensis

Senecio gregatus, S. serratuloides, S. speciosus, Chenopodium ambrosioides

Celosia trigyna, Crotalaria spp.

Crotalaria globifera, Helinus integrifoliusKnowltonia bracteata, Kalanchoe sp.Afzelia quanzensis, Eucalyptus spp.Cissampelos torulosa, Dumasia villosa

Brachylaena discolor ssp. discolor, Hippobromus pauciflorusTieghemia quinquenervia, Viscum verrucosumMesembryanthemum sp., Rhipsalis baccifera

Berchemia discolor, Margaritaria discoidea, Ochna natalitia, Turraea floribunda

Acokanthera oppositifolia, Erythrophleum lasianthum, Margaritaria discoideaAlbuca setosa, Scilla nervosa

Gerrardina foliosa, Vernonia natalensis, Ziziphus mucronata ssp. mucronata

Appendix 4

Croton gratissimus, Gerrardina foliosa, Myrica serrata, Phyllanthus meyerianus


ESP 48 iHlamvuESP 50 iPhengululaESP 51 iPhuphumaESP 52 iShobalehashi

ESP 53 isiNamaESP 54 isiThunduESP 55 uBulawuESP 57 isiDalaESP 58 phate-ea-ngakaESP 59 uNakileESP 60 umHlaleESP 61 uMaqadiniESP 62 umZimukaESP 63 iBozanaESP 65 iZazaESP 66 uMusaESP 67 inDlebelendlovuESP 68 sehalahalaESP 69 iLitiyeESP 70 umNyamanzi

Pappea capensis, Ochna serrulataAcacia caffra; Cassipourea gummiflua

Behnia reticulata, Crotalaria lanceolataCrabbea hirsuta, Lotononis corymbosa, Tylophora flanaganiiHomalium dentatum, Trimeria grandifoliaAster filifolius, Chrysocoma oblongifolia, C. tenuifolia, Erica algida, Euryops sp.,

Plectranthus madagascarensis, Tetradenia riparia, Vernonia colorata

Cyathula sp, Parinari curatellifoliaMonopsis scabra, Tephrosia marginellaChenopodium sp., Hermannia depressa, Malva parviflora*Monsonia natalensis, Pyrenacantha grandifloraBridelia micrantha, Gardenia cornuta, Sideroxylon inermeCassine peragua ssp peragua, Catunaregam spinosa ssp. spinosa

Ilex mitis, Securidaca longipedunculata, Thespesia acutilobaEquisetum ramosissimum, Tephrosia longipes ssp. longipes

Elaeodendron croceum, Maytenus acuminata, Priva cordifolia var abyssinica

Argyrolobium sp. incl. A. speciosum, A. robustum, Phytolacca dioica

Callilepis laureola, Disa aconitoides, D. polygonoides, D. stachyoides, D. versicolor, Gloriosa superba, Littonia modesta, Moraea spathulata, Sandersonia aurantiacaDeinbollia oblongifolia, Utricularia prehensilis

Elaeodendron croceum, Ochna natalitia


Appendix 8

Euclidean distances for K-means clusters 1) 333 ethnospecies sold in 50 muti shops Table a: Result for 3 clusters.

Cluster Number K31 K32 K31 - - K32 0.298 - K33 0.255 0.192

Table b: Result for 4 clusters.

Cluster Number K41 K42 K43 K41 - - - K42 0.204 - - K43 0.321 0.186 - K44 0.197 0.322 0.338

2) 315 ethnospecies sold by 100 Faraday traders Table c: Result for 3 clusters.


Table d: Result for 4 clusters.


Table e: Result for 5 clusters.

Cluster Number K51 K52 K53 K54 K51 - - - - K52 0.147 - - - K53 0.640 0.617 - - K54 0.282 0.255 0.368 - K55 0.238 0.095 0.601 0.261


3) 392 ethnospecies sold by 150 traders Table f: Result for 3 clusters.


Table g: Result for 4 clusters.


Table h: Result for 5 clusters.

Cluster Number K51 K52 K53 K54 K51 - - - - K52 0.161 - - - K53 0.230 0.341 - - K54 0.194 0.140 0.353 - K55 0.304 0.416 0.251 0.440

4) 87 short-listed species Table j: Result for 3 clusters.



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Chapter 10 Appendix 1 to 7 - University of the Witwatersrand