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Chapter 1 The Study of Life

Section 1: Introduction to Biology

Section 2: The Nature of Science

Section 3: Methods of Science

Biology—the science of life Study origins and history of life and once-

living things Study structures of living things

Chapter 1 The Study of Life

Study how living things interact w/ one another

Study how living things function

1.1 Introduction to Biology

The Eight Characteristics of Life - know these!1. Made of one or more cells

2. Shows growth

3. Develops

4. Reproduces

The Study of Life

1.1 Introduction to BiologyChapter 1

5. Responds to stimuli

6. Requires energy

7. Maintains homeostasis

8. Adaptations evolve over time

The Study of Life

Living things made of one or more cells. Cells are basic unit of structure and

function in all living things.

1.1 Introduction to BiologyChapter 1

cells are organized into groups that work together called tissues.

Displays Organization

The Study of Life

Living things also display organization, which means are arranged in orderly way.

Tissues are organized into organs.Organ systems work together to

support an organism.

1.1 Introduction to BiologyChapter 1

Grows and Develops

The Study of Life

Growth results in adding mass to an organism and forming of new cells and new structures.

1.1 Introduction to BiologyChapter 1

Reproduces

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species - group of organisms can breed with one another and produce fertile offspring.

1.1 Introduction to BiologyChapter 1

Responds to Stimuli

The Study of Life

Anything part of internal or external environments

causes reaction by

organism is a stimulus.

Reaction to a stimulus is a response.

Venus flytrap

1.1 Introduction to BiologyChapter 1

Requires Energy

The Study of Life

Living things get energy from food.

Plants use light energy from Sun to make food for activities.

Organisms that cannot make own food get energy by consuming other organisms.

1.1 Introduction to BiologyChapter 1

Maintains Homeostasis

The Study of Life

Regulation of an organism’s internal conditions to maintain life is homeostasis.

1.1 Introduction to BiologyChapter 1

Adaptations Evolve Over Time

1.1 Introduction to Biology

The Study of Life

Adaptation - any inherited characteristic that results from changes to species over time.

Chapter 1

Ex. Haeckel's Theory

The theory that stages in an embryonic development correspond to the stages of evolutionary development of the species.

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1.1 Introduction to Biology

The Study of LifeChapter 1

What is science?

Science - body of knowledge based on study of nature.

Essential characteristics, of science is scientific inquiry, or questions

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Scientific inquiry is creative process and uses and unbiased observations and experiments.

1.2 The Nature of ScienceChapter 1

Uses Scientific Theory theory is explanation of natural phenomenon

supported by many observations and experiments over time.

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The results are always the same.

1.2 The Nature of ScienceChapter 1

Expands Scientific Knowledge

Research results are constantly reevaluated to be sure that what we know is TRUE.

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leads to new knowledge that scientists then study again and again.

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Challenges Accepted Theories Scientists welcome debate about one

another’s ideas.

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Sciences advance by accepting new information as it is discovered.

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Questions Results Observations or data are not consistent with

current scientific understanding are of interest to scientists.

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inconsistencies often lead to more experiments

1.2 The Nature of ScienceChapter 1

Tests Claims

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Conclusions are reached from the evidence.

1.2 The Nature of ScienceChapter 1

Undergoes Peer Review

Before it is made public, science information is reviewed by scientists’ peers.

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Peer review - procedures and results in experiment are evaluated by other scientists who are in same field, or are conducting similar research.

1.2 The Nature of ScienceChapter 1

The Study of Life

Uses Metric System Scientists can repeat the work

of others as part of a new experiment. The metric system uses units with divisions

that are powers of ten.

1.2 The Nature of ScienceChapter 1

Science in Everyday Life

1.2 The Nature of Science

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Ethical issues must be addressed by society based on values it holds important.

Chapter 1

Ask a Question

The Study of Life

Scientific inquiry begins with observation. asking questions from a variety of reliable

sources.

1.3 Methods of Science – click for BrainPop movieChapter 1

Form a Hypothesis

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hypothesis - testable explanation of a situation.

When hypothesis is supported by data from additional investigations, usually considered valid

is accepted by scientific community.

1.3 Methods of ScienceChapter 1

Collect the Data

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When biologist conducts experiment, s/he investigates a question in a controlled setting to test a hypothesis.

1.3 Methods of ScienceChapter 1

Controlled Experiments

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control group - group used for comparison. experimental group -group exposed to factor

being tested.

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Experimental Design

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Independent variable—only 1 factor in controlled experiment can change at a time.

Dependent variable—results from or depends on changes to independent variable.

1.3 Methods of ScienceChapter 1

Dependent and Independent Variables

Data Gathering

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Data—information gained from observations. Quantitative data can be measurements of

time, temperature, length, mass, area, volume, density, or other factors.

Qualitative data are descriptions of what our senses detect.

1.3 Methods of ScienceChapter 1

Analyze the Data

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A graph of data makes a pattern easier to “see”.

Even when hypothesis has not been supported, it is valuable.

1.3 Methods of ScienceChapter 1

Report Conclusions

1.3 Methods of Science

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If peer reviewers agree, then paper is published for review by the public and use by other scientists.

Chapter 1

The Study of LifeChapter 1

Chapter Resource Menu

The Study of Life

Chapter Diagnostic Questions

Formative Test Questions

Chapter Assessment Questions

Standardized Test Practice

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Glencoe Biology Transparencies

Image Bank

Vocabulary

AnimationClick on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.

Chapter 1

The Study of Life

Why is the metric system preferred by scientists?

Answer: Using the same system ofmeasurements allows a scientist to repeat another’s work knowing that he or she is performing the experiments exactly the same.

Chapter 1

Chapter Diagnostic Questions

1. A2. B3. C4. D

CDQ 2

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A. observationB. hypothesisC. experimentD. constant

Chapter Diagnostic Questions

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What is a testable explanation?

CDQ 3

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1. A2. B3. C4. D

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Chapter Diagnostic Questions

A. made of one or more cells

B. grows and developsC. capable of

rational thoughtD. maintains

homeostasis

Which is not a characteristic of all organisms?

1. A2. B3. C4. D

FQ 1

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The Study of Life

A. explorationB. dynamicsC. physicsD. technology

Chapter 1

1.1 Formative Questions

What area of science takes scientific knowledge and applies it to meet human needs?

1. A2. B3. C4. D

FQ 2

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A. adaptationB. developmentC. growthD. maturation

Chapter 1

1.1 Formative Questions

What is the process of change that takes place during the life of an organism?

FQ 3

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1. A2. B3. C4. D

The Study of Life

A. acquiring energyB. adapting to the

environmentC. displaying organizationD. responding to stimuli

Chapter 1

1.1 Formative Questions

Some species of plants begin opening their flowers in the morning when they are exposed to sunlight. What characteristic of living things does this represent?

1. A2. B3. C4. D

FQ 4

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The Study of Life

A. adaptationB. equilibriumC. homeostasisD. metabolism

Chapter 1

1.1 Formative Questions

What process regulates an organism’s internal conditions and keeps them stable?

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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A. a body of knowledge about a natural phenomenon

B. a creative tool for designing investigations

C. a scientific inquiry that seeks to provide an explanation

D. an explanation supported by observations and experiments

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1.2 Formative Questions

What is a theory?

1. A2. B

FQ 6

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1.2 Formative Questions

Scientists discard observations and data that are not consistent with current scientific understanding.

A. trueB. false

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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The Study of Life

A. forensicsB. peer reviewC. scientific methodsD. the metric system

Chapter 1

1.2 Formative Questions

A scientist wants to report the findings from her investigations. Before her information can be published, what must it go through?

1. A2. B3. C4. D

FQ 8

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The Study of Life

A. They involve ethics.B. They involve forensics.C. They must be addressed

by scientists.D. They require the

metric system.

Chapter 1

1.2 Formative Questions

What do issues such as AIDS, global warming, genetic engineering, and cloning have in common?

1. A2. B3. C4. D

FQ 9

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The Study of Life

A. a conjectureB. an inferenceC. a speculationD. a theory

Chapter 1

1.3 Formative Questions

When you form a logical conclusion based on your observations and what you already

know, what are you making?

1. A2. B3. C4. D

FQ 10

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The Study of Life

A. a defined questionB. a curious assumptionC. a tested inferenceD. a testable explanation

Chapter 1

1.3 Formative Questions

What is a hypothesis?

1. A2. B3. C4. D

FQ 11

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The Study of Life

A. accidentalB. anticipatedC. ingeniousD. whimsical

Chapter 1

1.3 Formative Questions

What type of discovery is a serendipitous discovery?

1. A2. B

FQ 12

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1.3 Formative Questions

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In order for scientific experiments to be valid, they must be based on scientific methods that use controlled experiments.

A. trueB. false

1. A2. B3. C4. D

CAQ 1

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The Study of Life

A. forensicsB. natural lawC. theoryD. physics

Chapter 1

Chapter Assessment Questions

Identify the term used to describe an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by observation and experimentation.

1. A2. B3. C4. D

CAQ 2

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The Study of Life

A. control groupB. experimental groupC. dependent variableD. independent variable

Chapter 1

Chapter Assessment Questions

In a controlled experiment, which factor can change?

The Study of Life

Look at the figure below. Why is scientific data often displayed in graphs?

Chapter 1

Chapter Assessment Questions

CAQ 3

Answer: Graphs help show patterns in the data and make it easier to understand.

The Study of LifeChapter 1

Chapter Assessment Questions

CAQ 4

1. A2. B3. C4. D

STP 1

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The Study of Life

A. ecologyB. geneticsC. animal behaviorD. biotechnology

Chapter 1

Standardized Test Practice

Which biological science was Jane Goodall studying when she observed chimpanzees?

1. A2. B3. C4. D

STP 2

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The Study of Life

A. genetically engineering plants

B. finding ways to protect species

C. preventing the spread of disease

D. developing new medicines and vaccines

Chapter 1

Standardized Test Practice

In which activity would an environmental biologist most likely be involved?

1. A2. B3. C4. D

STP 3

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The Study of Life

A. It brings up more questions.

B. It causes disagreement and debate.

C. It does not welcome scientific investigation.

D. It does not receive acceptance by scientists.

Chapter 1

Standardized Test Practice

Which is an indication that an idea is based on pseudoscience?

1. A2. B3. C4. D

STP 4

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The Study of Life

A. food containing RazatrinB. food without RazatrinC. food containing

another drugD. food containing a variety

of drugs

Chapter 1

Standardized Test Practice

Scientists use laboratory rats to test the effects

of a new drug, Razatrin. What do rats in the control group receive?

1. A2. B

STP 5

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The Study of LifeChapter 1

Standardized Test Practice

B. number of days

A. mass

Which is the dependent variable in this experiment?

The Study of Life

Glencoe Biology TransparenciesChapter 1

The Study of Life

Image BankChapter 1

Vocabulary

The Study of Life

biologyorganismorganizationgrowthdevelopmentreproductionspecies

Section 1

stimulusresponsehomeostasisadaptation

Chapter 1

The Study of Life

sciencetheorypeer reviewmetric systemSIforensicsethics

Vocabulary

Section 2

Chapter 1

The Study of Life

observationinferencescientific methodhypothesisserendipityexperimentcontrol group

experimental groupindependent variabledependent variableconstantdatasafety symbol

Vocabulary

Section 3

Chapter 1

The Study of LifeChapter 1

Visualizing Scientific Methods

Animation

The Study of LifeChapter 1