Chapter 1Chapter 1

Biology: The Study of LifeBiology: The Study of Life

Section 1.1 Section 1.1

What is Biology? What is Biology? The study of lifeThe study of life

Why study Biology?Why study Biology? Learn about life around youLearn about life around you Study problems/ propose solutionsStudy problems/ propose solutions Ask what, why, and how questionsAsk what, why, and how questions Pleasure of learning :)Pleasure of learning :)

What is life?

Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life

OrganizationOrganization- orderly structure, - orderly structure, composed of one or more cells that composed of one or more cells that function togetherfunction together

Reproduce and Change

ReproductionReproduction- Production of offspring, - Production of offspring, Asexually or sexually.Asexually or sexually.

Essential for the continuation of the Essential for the continuation of the organism’s species.organism’s species.

ChangeChange- Growth and development- Growth and development

Growth- increase in amount of living Growth- increase in amount of living material and formation of new structuresmaterial and formation of new structures

Development- All the changes that take Development- All the changes that take place during the life of an organismplace during the life of an organism

Maintenance and Repair

AdaptationAdaptation- Any structure, behavior, - Any structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an or internal process that enables an organism to respond to stimuli and organism to respond to stimuli and better survive in an environmentbetter survive in an environment

Inherited from previous Inherited from previous generationsgenerations

Evolution- gradual accumulation Evolution- gradual accumulation of adaptations over timeof adaptations over time

Adjust and Respond

AdjustAdjust

Stimulus- anything that causes an Stimulus- anything that causes an organism to adjust to its environmentorganism to adjust to its environment

Response- reaction to a stimulusResponse- reaction to a stimulus

Homeostasis- regulation of an Homeostasis- regulation of an organism’s internal environment to organism’s internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for maintain conditions suitable for survivalsurvival

OrganismOrganism

Anything that possesses all the Anything that possesses all the characteristics of lifecharacteristics of life

You must possess all the You must possess all the characteristics of life to be characteristics of life to be considered livingconsidered living

Energy to grow on

What does your body need to be able to What does your body need to be able to carry out all living functions?carry out all living functions?

EnergyEnergy

Energy is the ability to do workEnergy is the ability to do work

The Basics of Biology: What is Life?The Basics of Biology: What is Life?

1)What is the basic unit that makes up an organism?1)What is the basic unit that makes up an organism? (Choose only one answer)  *stems  *cells  *limbs  *organs (Choose only one answer)  *stems  *cells  *limbs  *organs 2)Which of the following is NOT a property of all living 2)Which of the following is NOT a property of all living things?things? (Choose only one answer)  *ability to reproduce  *ability (Choose only one answer)  *ability to reproduce  *ability to undergo change  *ability to respond to stimuli  *ability to to undergo change  *ability to respond to stimuli  *ability to crystallize crystallize 3)Plants use the energy of the sun to make food by _____.3)Plants use the energy of the sun to make food by _____. (Choose only one answer)  *osmosis  *adaptation  *decomposition (Choose only one answer)  *osmosis  *adaptation  *decomposition  *photosynthesis  *photosynthesis 4)Dead organisms break down into their components by 4)Dead organisms break down into their components by _____._____. (Choose only one answer)  *respiration  *metabolism (Choose only one answer)  *respiration  *metabolism  *decomposition  *photosynthesis  *decomposition  *photosynthesis 5)Non-living things are unable to _____.5)Non-living things are unable to _____. (Choose only one (Choose only one answer)  *break in half  *grow from the inside out  *melt at high answer)  *break in half  *grow from the inside out  *melt at high temperatures  *freeze from the inside out temperatures  *freeze from the inside out 6)A living cell can only divide once.6)A living cell can only divide once.  true  false  true  false 7)Which is an example of a dog's automatic response to a 7)Which is an example of a dog's automatic response to a hot day?hot day? (Choose only one answer)  *panting  *sitting  *playing (Choose only one answer)  *panting  *sitting  *playing  *eating  *eating 8)Decomposition is a natural part of a tree's life cycle 8)Decomposition is a natural part of a tree's life cycle carried out by _____.carried out by _____. (Choose only one answer)  *osmosis (Choose only one answer)  *osmosis  *microbes  *pollinators  *photosynthesis  *microbes  *pollinators  *photosynthesis

Section 1.2 The Methods of Section 1.2 The Methods of BiologyBiology

What are the common steps What are the common steps biologists and other scientists use to biologists and other scientists use to gather information and answer gather information and answer questions?questions?

Scientific methodScientific method

Observe and HypothesizeObserve and Hypothesize Questions can come from everyday Questions can come from everyday

observations and curiosityobservations and curiosity

Hypothesis- is an explanation for a Hypothesis- is an explanation for a question or a problem that can be question or a problem that can be formally tested.formally tested.

ExperimentsExperiments

Procedure that tests a hypothesis by Procedure that tests a hypothesis by the process of collecting information the process of collecting information under controlled conditionsunder controlled conditions

Controlled conditions- means that Controlled conditions- means that the only condition different in each the only condition different in each experimental group is the one experimental group is the one chosen variable.chosen variable.

Control groupControl group

Standard in which all conditions are Standard in which all conditions are kept the same. kept the same.

Gives you something to which you Gives you something to which you can compare the experimental can compare the experimental groups groups

VariablesVariables

Independent- Condition chosen by Independent- Condition chosen by scientist (shown on x-axis)scientist (shown on x-axis)

Dependent- condition observed or Dependent- condition observed or measured by scientist measured by scientist (shown on y-axis)(shown on y-axis)

Gather dataGather data

Information gathered from Information gathered from experiments can be Quantitative or experiments can be Quantitative or Qualitative (descriptive) Research, Qualitative (descriptive) Research, usually organized in charts and usually organized in charts and tablestables

Analyze- Check data to see if the Analyze- Check data to see if the hypothesis is supported or not. What hypothesis is supported or not. What did the data tell you?did the data tell you?

Conclusions- Written explanation of Conclusions- Written explanation of your findings telling others what your your findings telling others what your results wereresults were

Verify- Others will question the Verify- Others will question the results you publish and will try to results you publish and will try to duplicate your experiment to verify duplicate your experiment to verify your resultsyour results

Theory-Theory- An explanation of natural An explanation of natural

phenomenon that is supported by a phenomenon that is supported by a LARGE body of evidence. A theory LARGE body of evidence. A theory results from continual verification results from continual verification and refinement of a hypothesis. A and refinement of a hypothesis. A good theory can help you make good good theory can help you make good predictions. (Theory of Evolution)predictions. (Theory of Evolution)

Law-Law- Always happens, is a fact of Always happens, is a fact of

nature. (Law of Gravity)nature. (Law of Gravity)

Section 1.3Section 1.3

Quantitative Research- data is Quantitative Research- data is analyzed by comparing numerical analyzed by comparing numerical values recorded in SI units values recorded in SI units (International System of (International System of Measurement) or the metric system.Measurement) or the metric system.

Qualitative (descriptive) Research- Qualitative (descriptive) Research- uses observational data or written uses observational data or written explanations of observationsexplanations of observations

Science and SocietyScience and Society

Ethics- refers to moral principles and Ethics- refers to moral principles and values held by humans. Knowledge is values held by humans. Knowledge is neither good or badneither good or bad

Unanswerable Questions- Science Unanswerable Questions- Science cannot answer all of life’s questions cannot answer all of life’s questions because there are questions unable because there are questions unable to be objectively tested (without to be objectively tested (without bias)bias)

Technology has both been Technology has both been helpful and harmful and helpful and harmful and society must decide if the society must decide if the results justify the risks.results justify the risks.